应用梯度扩散薄膜技术评价天然富硒土壤中硒的生物有效性     

吴超  孙彬彬  陈海杰  成晓梦  贺灵  曾道明 《岩矿测试》2022,(1):66-79

有效硒是评价土壤中硒对植物供给能力的重要指标,中国目前尚无测定土壤有效硒的统一方法.化学提取法、土壤溶液法常用于测定土壤有效硒含量,但存在缺乏普遍适用提取剂类型、目标态提取不完全和对非目标态溶解等问题.梯度扩散薄膜(DGT)技术是一种基于解离、扩散动力学的有效态测定方法,已有学者将其应用于土壤有效硒的测定并取得良好效果...  相似文献   

城乡交错区土壤中镉的赋存形态及其生物有效性研究     

杜富芝傅瓦利  甄晓君段正锋 王素芳 《中国地质》2009,36(6):1413-1418

采用连续形态分析方法研究了重庆市城乡交错区土壤中Cd的形态分布及其与莴笋吸收Cd量的关系.结果表明,研究区土壤和莴笋中Cd污染严重,土壤各形态Cd总体分布特征为:残渣态Cd＞有机质结合态Cd＞离子交换态Cd＞碳酸盐结合态Cd＞铁锰氧化物结合态Cd＞水溶态Cd,其中活性较强的交换态Cd(包括水溶态Cd和离子交换态Cd)比重较大.Cd在土壤中的分布与土壤中的物理性粘粒及粉粒含量密切相关.而在土壤各形态Cd中,离子交换态Cd具有较高的生物有效性.研究区土壤和蔬菜中Cd污染已经较严重,建议加强城乡交错区的环境综合管理.  相似文献   

缺氧沉积物中硫化物对镉的生物可利用性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩建波  李丽娟  闫启仑  王菊英  马德毅  全燮 《海洋学报》2005,27(5):173-176

镉是水环境中主要的金属污染物质,趋向于在沉积物中富集,对底栖生物造成潜在的威胁,并且通过食物链最终影响人体的健康.已经证明,作为沉积物中两大主要污染物的有机物和金属,有机碳是控制沉积物中非离子态有机化合物生物可利用性的主要因子[1],因此利用有机碳归一化方法判断沉积物是否受到有机物污染成为可能,而沉积物中金属的毒性或它的生物可利用性会受到诸如生物、物理和化学因子的影响,其中沉积物的部分化学组成会影响金属在固相与间隙水之间的分配,从而成为控制金属生物可利用性的关键因子[2,3].  相似文献   

Copper and zinc content of periphyton from two rivers as a function of dissolved metal concentration   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Renata Behra  Rolf Landwehrjohann  Katrin Vogel  Bettina Wagner  Laura Sigg 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2002,64(3):300-306

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印染污泥中重金属形态分析及生物有效性   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

李晓阁  潘静  奚旦立  杨明 《岩矿测试》2009,28(1):10-14

选取上海某印染厂的印染废水处理后的活性污泥样品,通过盆栽土培试验,用黑麦草对印染污泥进行修复,运用Tessier A连续提取法研究修复后黑麦草根际和非根际印染污泥中铅、铜、镍、锌、镉5种重金属形态的变化,以及重金属的生物有效性与植物中有效态含量之间的关系。结果表明,栽培后根际与非根际环境中各重金属元素具有典型的形态分布特征:铅主要以离子交换态和残渣态存在;铜主要以碳酸盐结合态和残渣态存在;镍由紧结合态(铁锰氧化物结合态+有机结合态)向离子交换态转移;锌的有机结合态和碳酸盐结合态有所增加;镉主要以离子交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,说明镉元素较活泼,具有潜在的环境影响能力,应该给予更多的关注。印染污泥中重金属的生物有效性与重金属元素的性质有关,铜、锌的生物有效性较高,其次是铅,最低是镍、镉。  相似文献   

Chemical versus Enzymatic Digestion of Contaminated Estuarine Sediment: Relative Importance of Iron and Manganese Oxides in Controlling Trace Metal Bioavailability   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A. Turner  Y. S. Olsen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2000,51(6):717

Chemical and enzymatic reagents have been employed to determine available concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in contaminated estuarine sediment. Gastric and intestinal enzymes (pepsin, pH 2, and trypsin, pH 7·6, respectively) removed significantly more metal than was water-soluble or exchangeable (by seawater or ammonium acetate), while gastro-intestinal fluid of the demersal teleost, Pleuronectes platessa L. (plaice), employed to operationally define a bioavailable fraction of contaminants, generally solubilized more metal than the model enzymes. Manganese was considerably more available than Fe under these conditions and it is suggested that the principal mechanism of contaminant release is via surface complexation and reductive solubilization of Mn oxides, a process which is enhanced under conditions of low pH. Of the chemical reagents tested, acetic acid best represents the fraction of Mn (as well as Cu and Zn) which is available under gastro-intestinal conditions, suggesting that the reducing tendency of acetate is similar to that of the ligands encountered in the natural digestive environment. Although the precise enzymatic and non-enzymatic composition of plaice gastro-intestinal fluid may be different to that encountered in more representative, filter-feeding or burrowing organisms, a general implication of this study is that contaminants associated with Mn oxides are significantly more bioavailable than those associated with Fe oxides, and that contaminant bioavailability may be largely dictated by the oxidic composition of contaminated sediment.  相似文献   

浙江椒江口潮间带沉积物中痕量金属的活性态分布特征及其生物有效性     

叶思源  周永青  丁喜桂 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,36(4):592-598

3个未扰动柱状样分别采自浙江椒江口潮间带高、中、低潮带,用冷盐酸法测定了沉积物中酸可挥发硫化物(AVS)及同步提取金属（SEM）,分析了不同潮位沉积物剖面类型及形成机理,并根据SEM-Me/AVS比值评价痕量金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg及Ni）的活性和生物有效性。结果表明：在高潮带和低潮带形成了薄活动层剖面（<6 cm）,痕量金属的活性态浓度较低,AVS浓度较高;而中潮带形成了厚活动层(约26 cm),痕量金属的活性态浓度较高。潮间带不同潮位痕量金属活性态浓度剖面类型的形成是沉积速率、有机质供源及所处潮位共同作用的结果。在河口区应该存在表层mm尺度上的高值有机碳（C_有机）分布。  相似文献   

Effects of alga polysaccharide capsule shells on in-vivo bioavailability and disintegration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李婷  郭书举  马霖  袁毅  韩丽君 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(1):22-28

Gelatin has been used in hard capsule shells for more than a century, and some shortcomings have appeared, such as high moisture content and risk of transmitting diseases of animal origin to people. Based on available studies regarding gelatin and vegetable shells, we developed a new type of algal polysaccharide capsule (APPC) shells. To test whether our products can replace commercial gelatin shells, we measured in-vivo plasma concentration of 12 selected volunteers with a model drug, ibuprofen, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), by calculating the relative bioavailability of APPC and Qualicaps referenced to gelatin capsules and assessing bioequivalence of the three types of shells, and calculated pharmacokinetic parameters with the software DAS 2.0 (China). The results show that APPC shells possess bioequivalence with Qualicaps and gelatin shells. Moreover, the disintegration behavior of four types of shells (APPC, Vegcaps , Qualicaps and gelatin shells) with the content of lactose and radioactive element (99mTc) was observed via gamma-scintigraphic images. The bioavailability and gamma-scintigraphic studies showed that APPC was not statistically different from other vegetable and gelatin capsule shells with respect to in-vivo behavior. Hence, it can be concluded that APPCs are exchangeable with other vegetable and gelatin shells.  相似文献   

Baseflow and Runoff Event Metal Concentrations,Partition and Its Relation with Physicochemical Variables in an Agroforestry Catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Laura Palleiro  María Luz Rodríguez‐Blanco  María Mercedes Taboada‐Castro  María Teresa Taboada‐Castro 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(4):462-471

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德安锑矿区土壤中锑的形态分析及生物可给性初探     

刘成佐  刘富梁  谢宗波  梁华正  黄德娟 《华东地质学院学报》2007,30(4):358-361

按Tessier连续浸提法对德安锑矿区土壤样品进行了分析,得出锑的存在状态主要以残渣态为主,其次是Fe/Mn结合态,有机/硫化物结合态和碳酸盐结合态,可交换态和水溶态占的比率最小。矿区土壤中锑生物可利用态锑占0.52%~3.51%,其浓度一般在1.78~17.48μg/g,中等可利用态占1.04%~5.56%,生物难利用态锑的浓度占92.1%~98.4%。  相似文献