Chloride source delineation in an urban-agricultural watershed: Deicing agents versus agricultural contributions     

Andrew Oberhelman  Eric W. Peterson 《水文研究》2020,34(20):4017-4029

Analyses (n = 525) of chloride (Cl⁻), bromide (Br⁻), nitrate as nitrogen (NO₃-N), sodium (Na⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺) and potassium (K⁺) in stream water, tile-drain water and groundwater were conducted in an urban-agricultural watershed (10% urban/impervious, 87% agriculture) to explore potential differences in the signature of Cl⁻ originating from an urban source as compared with an agricultural source. Only during winter recharge events did measured Cl⁻ concentrations exceed the 230 mg/L chronic threshold. At base flow, nearly all surface water and tile water samples had Cl⁻ concentrations above the calculated background threshold of 18 mg/L. Mann–Whitney U tests revealed ratios of Cl⁻ to Br⁻ (p = .045), to NO₃-N (p < .0001), to Ca²⁺ (p < .0001), and to Na⁺ (p < .0001) to be significantly different between urban and agricultural waters. While Cl⁻ ratios indicate that road salt was the dominant source of Cl⁻ in the watershed, potassium chloride fertilizer contributed as an important secondary source. Deicing in watersheds where urban land use is minimal had a profound impact on Cl⁻ dynamics; however, agricultural practices contributed Cl⁻ year-round, elevating stream base flow Cl⁻ concentrations above the background level.  相似文献   

氯化钙对水土环境污染特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

申中华  王梅  雷耀东  张世杰  李成刚  王立艳 《山东国土资源》2020,36(8):54-60

某生产CaCl2化工厂因环境问题被停止生产,厂区周边土壤和地下水受到不同程度的污染。为掌握污染土壤中污染因子的含量和地下水受污染情况,布置了土壤采样点和地下水监测点,利用厂区周边已有机民井进行水样采集,通过室内检测、分析研究等工作,得出在厂区周边土壤60~300 cm深度范围内存在Ca^2+,Cl^-富集,鉴于土壤的天然吸附和自净能力,目前条件下,厂区及周边地下水污染状况受影响较小。通过抽水试验、渗水试验和弥散试验,圈定了污染物的影响范围,查明了污染物的影响程度,并在此基础上进行了污染物影响变化情况的预测分析,为后续区域污染地块的风险评估和修复治理工作提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

农用地土壤中7种重金属可提取态的测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

夏传波  郑建业  成学海  赵伟  田兴磊  张伟 《山东国土资源》2020,36(3):59-65

该文以氯化钙溶液进行提取,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和原子荧光光谱法,测定农用地土壤中Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni等7种重金属可提取态,检出限在0.003~0.06 mg/kg之间。该方法用于4个可提取态质控样品的测定,测定值与推荐值基本相符,测定的相对标准偏差(n=8)在3.3%~9.1%之间。基于800余件农用地土壤样品的测定数据,对7种重金属可提取态与土壤pH值及重金属总量之间的关系进行了初步考察。结果表明,7个重金属可提取态和总量关系无明显相关性,仅在土壤酸性条件下可提取态Cd与总量Cd呈正相关性。7种重金属提取率大小顺序为Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu,As>Pb>Cr,其中Cd,Zn,Ni,Cu,Pb的提取率随土壤pH值的增大而迅速下降,而As,Cr在土壤碱性条件下的提取率略高于中酸性条件下的提取率。  相似文献   

STRUCTURE FEATURES AND COMPOSITE ANALYSIS OF CONVECTIVE CELLS IN A WARM SECTOR HEAVY RAINFALL EVENT OVER SOUTHERN CHINA     

钱磊  丁治英  赵向军  夏蘩 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(3):245-258

This paper uses the ARW-WRF model to carry out a numerical simulation of a warm-sector heavy rainfall event over southern China on the 22–23 May, 2014. A composite analysis method was used to analyze the evolution process and structural features of the convective cells on a convection line during this rainfall event. This analysis identified three stages: (1) Stage of activation: the equivalent potential temperature surfaces as lower layers start to bulge and form warm cells and weak vertical convective cloud towers which are subject to the impact of low-level warm moist updrafts in the rainfall sector; (2) Stage of development: the warm cells continue to bulge and form warm air columns and the convective cloud towers develop upwards becoming stronger as they rise; (3) Stage of maturity: the warm air columns start to connect with the stable layer in the upper air; the convective cloud tower will bend and tilt westward with each increasing in height, and the convection cell is characterized by a “crescent-shaped echo” above the 700hPa plane. During this stage the internal temperature of the cell is higher than the ambient temperature and the dynamic structural field is manifested as intensive vertical upward movement. The large-value centers of the northerly and westerly winds in the middle layer correspond to the warm moist center in the cells and the relatively cold center south of the warm air column. Further analysis shows that the formation of the “crescent-shaped” convective cell is associated with horizontal vorticity. Horizontal vorticity in the center and west of the warm cell experiences stronger cyclonic and anticyclonic shear transformation over time; this not only causes the original suborbicular cell echo shape to develop into a crescent-like shape, but also makes a convection line consisting of cells that develop to the northwest.  相似文献   

银量法测定化学试剂氯化钠中氯化钠纯度的不确定度评定     

冉广芬  朱广琴  王波 《盐湖研究》2018,26(2):43-47

针对银量法测定化学试剂氯化钠中氯化钠纯度,讨论了氯化钠纯度测定结果的测量不确定度的来源及评定方法,当K=2,氯化钠纯度测定结果的扩展不确定度为(99.70±0.64)%。  相似文献   

水氯镁石脱水反应的热力学计算   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

景燕  马培华  褚敏雄 《盐湖研究》1999,7(4):15-22

水氯镁石脱水制备无水氯化镁是一个多反应的复杂过程,文中对水氯镁石脱水制备无水氯化镁过程中可能存在的化学反应的热力学各函数进行了计算,对脱水反应机理进行探讨,并为生产提供理论依据  相似文献   

螺旋藻多糖对CD₃AK细胞增殖能力的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王友顺  黎露刚  吴侃  谢宗华  唐庆  李新岗  祁铁流  李长亮  汪洋  汪庭  方光如 《海洋科学》1998,22(3):37-39

研究了螺旋藻多糖（ＰＳ）对ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ激活的杀伤细胞（ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ Ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄ Ｋｉｌｌｅｒ Ｃｅｌｌｓ,ＣＤ３ＡＫ Ｃｅｌｌｓ）增殖能力的影响。结果表明,当ＰＳ浓度为２．５μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１培养体系条件下,对ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞具有明显的刺激细胞增殖作用（Ｐ〈０．０２）;对培养长达２３ｄ的ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞（Ｋ５６２细胞）的活性仍维持在较高的水平（４６．５％￣５０％）。提示ＰＳ对辐射  相似文献   

氯化钡法在盐湖高锂卤水中高效分离硫酸根的研究          下载免费PDF全文

马丽  孟永涛  毕秋艳  房晓宇  关云山 《盐湖研究》2021,29(3):68-75

在生产碳酸锂的工艺中,尤其除硫过程中,锂会伴随其它盐类析出,造成锂的大量夹带损失。因此盐湖高锂卤水中硫酸根的脱除对锂的高效富集,提高锂的收率有重大意义。研究以盐湖高锂卤水为原料,通过加入氯化钡,采用化学沉淀法除去卤水中的SO_4~(2-)。详细考察了原料配比(SO_4~(2-)与Ba~(2+)的摩尔比)、加料方式、加料时间、反应时间、搅拌速度和反应温度等操作条件对除硫率的影响;同时,重点研究了不同操作条件下锂的夹带损失率。结果表明:除硫的适宜条件为,原料配比1.3,并流加料,反应温度25℃,加料时间18 min,搅拌速度250 r/min,反应时间40 min;最终SO_4~(2-)的脱除率可达99.98%,锂的夹带损失率为17.77%。  相似文献   

山东刚玉巨晶中包裹体研究Ⅱ：氯化物与地幔液相的物质组成   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

丁振华 《矿物岩石》1999,19(1):15-18

利用电子探针,扫描电镜在山东碱性玄武岩中产出的刚玉巨晶中发现了许多氯化物包裹体,这些氯化物可能以石盐为主,它的发现表明在较浅深度的地幔液相中也存在较多的氯。  相似文献   

Chloride and Bromide Loss from Sea-Salt Particles in Southern Ocean Air   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. P. Ayers  R. W. Gillett  J. M Cainey  A. L. Dick 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,33(3):299-319

Datasets on aerosol composition in Southern Ocean air at Cape Grim and Macquarie Island, and rainwater composition at Cape Grim, have been analysed for sea-salt components in order to test the validity of the multiphase autocatalytic halogen activation process proposed initially by Sander and Crutzen (1996) and developed fully for clean marine air by Vogt et al. (1996). Four distinct datasets from the two locations were analysed. All four datasets provided consistent evidence in support of three predictions of the autocatalytic model: (1) overall Cl- deficits in sea-salt aerosol were small, difficult to quantify against analytical uncertainty and at most a few percent; (2) Br- deficits were large, averaging –30% to –50% on an annual basis, with strong seasonality ranging from about –10% in some winter samples to –80% or more in some summer samples; and (3) the Br- and Cl- deficits were clearly linked to the availability of strong, S-acidity in the aerosol, confirming the importance of acid catalysis to the dehalogenation process.  相似文献