富钴结壳申请区块优选的模糊评判方法     

杨克红  马维林  章伟艳  雷吉江  初凤友 《海洋学报》2010,32(6):152-156

选取申请区块内富钴结壳平均厚度、平均品位、矿区面积、平均坡度、平均水深和申请区块中的有效站位数等6个因素作为申请区块优劣性评判的指标,将申请区块的优劣性分为3级,建立了富钴结壳申请区块优劣性的模糊评判方法,并进行了实例研究。评判结果对于进行富钴结壳申请区块的优选提供基础。根据模糊评判结果与资源量大小排序两种区块保留结果中部分申请区块存在不一致,建议在后期对申请区块放弃工作时同时考虑模糊评判结果和资源量大小。研究结果可以为将来富钴结壳申请区块的放弃工作提供技术储备。  相似文献   

Mineralogical and geochemical constraints on the origin of ferromanganese crusts from the Rivera Plate (western margin of Mexico)     

Carles Canet  Rosa María Prol-Ledesma  William L. Bandy  Peter Schaaf  Carlos Linares  Antoni Camprubí  Esperana Tauler  Carlos Mortera-Gutirrez 《Marine Geology》2008,251(1-2):47-59

Marine hydrogenetically precipitated ferromanganese crusts are widespread in the Pacific Ocean. They occur as pavements coating volcanic or sedimentary hard-rock substrates, mainly on the slopes of seamounts, plateaus and hills in ocean basins and continental margins. We studied three ferromanganese crusts from one dredge haul from the Rivera Plate (western margin of Mexico), which are up to 15 mm thick and grow directly on a substrate of pillow basalt fragments. They consist of laminated, botryoidal, porous aggregates mostly of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides and up to 10% silicates. XRD analysis showed the predominance of poorly crystallized mineral phases in the crusts that include Mn-feroxyhyte and vernadite, and an authigenic smectite-like clay. Detrital minerals probably derive from granodiorites of the eastern wall of the neighboring Middle America Trench. Scattered barite grains occur on the crust surface and suggest plume fall-out derived from hydrothermal vents, although a possible pelagic source cannot be dismissed. Ratios between major (Fe, Mn, Si) and trace (Co, Ni, Cu) elements reveal that such crusts are predominantly hydrogenetic in origin, although they show a hydrothermal influence that increases in the outer layers. Iron contents range from 16.2 to 25.2 wt.%, and manganese from 3.4 to 14.5 wt.%. The Fe/Mn ratio ranges from 1.6 to 7.0. The SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio ranges from 4.3 to 6.6, indicating the presence of biogenic silica (radiolarians). The concentrations of copper (up to 383 ppm) and cobalt (up to 534 ppm) are significantly below those of the typical hydrogenetic crusts, whereas Ni (up to 1320 ppm) is about the same or slightly lower. REE normalized profiles and ΣREE values (486 to 732 ppm) match those reported for hydrogenetic crusts, but suggest a hydrothermal contribution for the later crust layers. The inferred crust growth rates using the Co-chronometer (44 and 229 mm/Myr) are higher than those reported for pure hydrogenetic crusts (mostly 1 to 6 mm/Myr), thus indicating an increasing hydrothermal influence. The highest growth rate (229 mm/Myr, corresponding to the outer crust layers) suggests a regional hydrothermal input of iron and manganese to seawater. The intensification of regional submarine hydrothermal activity began about 13,000 yr ago, and may be related to the tectonic activity in the complex junction of the Rivera, Cocos, Pacific and North America plates.  相似文献