石灰岩地层机井综合洗井增水技术研究与应用     

刘建强  刁希全 《地下水》2003,25(4):263-265

对于石灰岩地层出水量小于5m^3／h的机井，采取单一的洗井增水方法效果一般不明显。笔者经过多年的研究与应用，提出了先对井孔进行爆破，然后利用盐酸与二氧化碳联合洗井的综合洗井增水技术，则往往能够取得较好的增水效果．一般增水率在60％以上。该项技术为石灰岩山区小水量的机井的开发提供了技术保证，具有广阔的发展应用前景。  相似文献   

喀斯特地区大直径人工挖孔桩设计及技术难点     

何元斌 《云南地质》2003,22(3):321-325

简要分析大直径嵌岩灌注桩的承载机理，根据国家现行规范，结合地方实践经验。对岩溶地区大直径人工挖孔桩设计与施工中的若干难点技术作初步探讨。  相似文献   

标定碰撞构造的地层学线索——欠补偿周缘前陆盆地结构与充填序列   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张传恒  孙玉建  汪剑  马郡  李春燕 《地质科技情报》2003,22(1):35-40

欠补偿周缘前陆盆地发育于陆间造山带的早期阶段。前陆褶冲带不同的前缘断裂活动样式决定了前陆盆地发育不同的结构。以低角度、盲逆冲活动为特征的前缘断裂所控制的前陆盆地发育了复杂的次级构造单元，具体可识别出楔顶、前渊、前隆和隆后4个沉积带。这类前陆盆地发育了3种类型的沉积序列：①靠陆一侧初始前隆区发育的“欠补偿三位一体”充填序列；②前渊带靠陆一侧发育的陆棚沉没充填序列；③初始前渊深海一半深海区发育的沉积颗粒向上变粗、沉积环境向上变浅的沉积充填序列。欠补偿周缘前陆盆地沉积物扩散方向转换面、碳酸盐岩台地沉没不整合面等关键界面的时空位置是标定碰撞构造的主要地层学标志。  相似文献   

δ15N在污水生物脱氮机理研究中的应用     

刘贤荣  闫秀懿  张永祥 《吉林地质》2003,22(1):54-57,82

近年来,硝酸盐氮的污染愈来愈严重.无论是地表水还是地下水都受到不同程度的氮污染.控制氮污染及处理氮污染问题已经提到我国水污染控制的议事日程.本文探索微生物处理含氮污水的过程中反硝化作用的脱氮机理,使用δ15N标识技术研究水体中三氮运移转化过程中的质量不守恒,证明δ15N标识技术研究确定不同形态氮的数量各系是可行的.研究水体中三氮质量不守恒现象,将解决含氮污水生物净化中污泥上浮问题、氮污染含水层生物修复中气阻问题.  相似文献   

铀及伴生元素活动态分量探测在古宁浑迪砂岩型铀矿勘查中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

郭华  夏斌  卫三元  刘红旭  王润红 《矿床地质》2003,22(3):295-300

为了快速查明古宁浑迪地区砂岩型铀矿的有利成矿地段，并为钻探验证工程的部署提供依据，研究过程中采用了铀及伴生元素活动态分量探测地球化学勘查方法。通过系统采集样品和铀、钼、硒分量提取及测试，认为吸附态铀及伴生元素分量探测更适用于本地区砂岩型铀成矿有利地段的筛选。经钻探工程验证，绝大部分地表铀分量异常均与深部成矿目的层中的铀矿化或铀异常相对应，证实了铀及伴生元素活动态分量探测是适用于寻找隐伏砂岩型铀矿床的有效方法，尤其适用于古河道型砂岩铀矿的找矿勘查。  相似文献   

地球系统科学中的复杂性思维与可持续发展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王瑞廷  李晓雄  张启 《矿产与地质》2003,17(6):696-699

地球系统科学是可持续发展的理论基础。地球系统8个方面的复杂性和非线性决定和构成了地球系统科学中复杂性思维的基本特征。可持续发展作为新的发展模式需要考虑具有非线性相互作用的不同层次、不同方面的多种因素．必然要求运用复杂性思维来综合分析解决人口-资源-环境-发展的互相协调。因此．地球系统科学中的复杂性思维是处理可持续发展问题的科学武器．有助于人们深刘认识地球演化的内在机理和人-地关系的变化。  相似文献   

贵州赫章土法炼锌导致的重金属积累   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

杨元根  刘丛强  吴攀  张国平  朱维晃 《矿物学报》2003,23(3):255-262

贵州省赫章县的土法炼锌不仅导致植被的破坏,而且使附近土壤和溪流沉积物中重金属有不同程度的积累,土壤中w(Pb)达到37.24×10~(-6)～30100×10~(6),w(Zn)为162.23×10~(-6)～31625×10~(-6),w(Cd)为0.50×10~(-6)～113×10~(-6),大大超过了当地的土壤背景值;沉积物中w(Pb)达到325.00×10~(-6)～21850×10~(-6),w(Zn)为1250.00×10~(-6)～30425×10~(-6),w(Cd)为25×10~(-6)～97×10~(-6)。土壤和沉积物中Pb、Zn含量与Fe_2O_3有极显著的正相关性;土壤中重金属Pb、Zn含量与Al_2O_3有极显著的正相关性,而沉积物中Pb、Zn含量与Al_2O_3则没有相关性。土壤和沉积物中铁矿物(铁氧化物和氢氧化物)对重金属的强烈固定作用。连续提取法对化学形态研究表明,Pb、Zn在土壤中主要表现为铁锰氧化物结合态与残渣态,而在沉积物中则主要为碳酸盐结合态、残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态。土壤中可交换态Pb、Zn所占的比例很小,但其绝对含量变化较大,w(Pb)从最低2.75×10~(-6)到最高310.41×10~(-6),w(Zn)4.94×10~(-6)～321.10×10~(-6)。沉积物中w(Pb)7.42×10~(-6)～98.91×10~(-6);w(Zn)9.97×10~(-6)～72.67×10~(-6)。土壤中重金属Pb、Zn的有效性程度明显高于溪流沉积物,对生态环境的潜在危害更大。  相似文献   

Quaternary folding of the eastern Tian Shan, northwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Bihong Fu  Aiming Lin  Ken-ichi Kano  Tadashi Maruyama  Jianming Guo 《Tectonophysics》2003,369(1-2):79-101

The Tian Shan, east–west trending more than 2000 km, is one of most active intracontinental mountain building belts that resulted from India–Eurasia collision during Cenozoic. In this study, Quaternary folding related to intracontinental mountain building of the Tian Shan orogenic belt is documented based on geologic interpretation and analyses of the satellite remote sensing images [Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) and India Remote Sensing (IRS) Pan] combined with field geologic and geomorphic observations and seismic reflection profiles. Analyses of spatial–temporal features of Quaternary folded structure indicate that the early Quaternary folds are widely distributed in both piedmont and intermontane basins, whereas the late Quaternary active folds are mainly concentrated on the northern range-fronts. Field observations indicate that Quaternary folds are mainly characterized by fault-related folding. The formation and migration of Quaternary folding are likely related to decollement surfaces beneath the fold-and-fault zone as revealed by seismic reflection profiles. Moreover, analysis of growth strata indicates that the Quaternary folding began in late stage of early Pleistocene (2.1–1.2 Ma). Finally, tectonic evolution model of the Quaternary deformation in the Tian Shan is presented. This model shows that the Quaternary folding and faulting gradually migrate toward the range-fronts due to the continuous compression related to India–Eurasia collision during Quaternary time. As a result, the high topographic relief of the Tian Shan was formed.  相似文献   

Tectonic wedging along the rear of the offshore Taiwan accretionary prism     

Wu-Cheng Chi  Donald L. Reed  Greg Moore  Tuan Nguyen  Char-Shine Liu  Neil Lundberg 《Tectonophysics》2003,374(3-4):199-217

The structural geometry, kinematics and density structure along the rear of the offshore Taiwan accretionary prism were studied using seismic reflection profiling and gravity modeling. Deformation between the offshore prism and forearc basin at the point of incipient collision, and southward into the region of subduction, has been interpreted as a tectonic wedge, similar to those observed along the front of mountain ranges. This tectonic wedge is bounded by an east-dipping roof thrust and a blind, west-dipping floor thrust. An east-dipping sequence of forearc-basin strata in the hanging wall of the roof thrust reaches a thickness in excess of 4 km near the tip of the interpreted tectonic wedge. Section restoration of the roof sequence yields an estimate of 4 km of shortening, which is small compared with that inferred in the collision area to the north, based on the variation in distance between the apex of the prism and the island arc.Previous studies propose that either high-angle normal faulting or backfolding has exhumed the metamorphic rocks along the eastern flank of the Central Range in the collision zone on land. To better constrain the initial crustal configuration, we tested 350 crustal models to fit the free-air gravity anomaly data in the offshore region to study the density structure along the rear of the accretionary prism in the subduction and initial collision zones before the structures become more complex in the collision zone on land. The gravity anomaly, observed in the region of subduction (20.2°N), can be modeled with the arc basement forming a trenchward-dipping backstop that is overlain by materials with densities in the range of sedimentary rocks. Near the point of incipient collision (20.9°N), however, the free-air gravity anomaly over the rear of the prism is approximately 40 mgal higher, compared with the region of subduction, and requires a significant component of high density crustal rocks within the tectonic wedge. These results suggest that the forearc basement may be deformed along the rear of the prism, associated with the onset of collision, but not in the subduction region further to the south.  相似文献   

深基坑桩锚支护体系变形实例分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕三和  张敬志  赵民 《探矿工程》2003,30(6):5-7

通过分析基坑桩锚支护系统变形机理及其影响因素，讨论了支锚刚度及预应力对深基坑桩锚支护体系变形的影响，并结合工程实例，阐述了合理确定支锚刚度及预应力控制深基坑桩锚支护体系变形的方法。  相似文献