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151.
Cristina Liñán José Benavente Yolanda del Rosal Iñaki Vadillo Lucía Ojeda Francisco Carrasco 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14083
Condensation water is a major factor in the conservation of heritage caves. It can cause dissolution of the rock substrate (and the pigments of rock art drawn on it) or covering thereof with mineral components, depending on the chemical saturation degree of the condensation water. In show caves, visitors act as a source of CO2 and thus modify the microclimate, favouring negative processes that affect the conservation of the caves. In spite of their interest, studies of the chemical composition of this type of water are scarce and not very detailed. In this work we present research on the condensation water in the Nerja Cave, one of the main heritage and tourist caves in Europe. The joint analysis of isotopic, hydrochemical, mineralogical and microbiological data and the use of image analysis have allowed us to advance in the knowledge of this risk factor for the conservation of heritage caves, and to demonstrate the usefulness of image analysis to quantify the scope of the possible corrosion condensation process that the condensation water could be producing on the bedrock, speleothem and rock art. To our knowledge, this application of image analysis (relative to the condensation water in caves) is the first one of this type that has been documented. 相似文献
152.
液态乳及乳粉中硝酸盐的污染分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用固相萃取-离子色谱法和国家标准中化学法(镉柱还原光度法)分析石家庄市售110份液态乳及奶粉中硝酸盐含量.离子色谱法中将制备好的样品加入适量乙酸沉淀蛋白,离心取上清液,通过固相萃取柱去除脂肪等疏水性化合物,采用AS1 1-HC型阴离子色谱柱进行分析,同时对液态乳样品采用镉柱还原法进行比对实验.两种方法测得液态乳中硝酸盐的平均含量分别为10.05 mg/kg和9.95 mg/kg,奶粉中硝酸盐的平均含量分别为25.74 mg/kg和25.66 mg/kg.经t检验分析,显示=0.07,P>0.05,即无显著性差异,研究结果证实了离子色谱法的准确性,实验过程也进一步验证了离子色谱法的简易性.依据我国目前对乳粉中硝酸盐的限量要求,所测乳粉中的硝酸盐均在限量规定范围内,对食用的安全性不产生负面影响;而液态乳中的硝酸盐进行污染评价发现,超标率大约为14%. 相似文献
153.
正The world petroleum exploration suggests that,about70%of the world’s potash resources were discovered during oil and gas exploration(Zheng et al.,2007).The Kuqa depression in the Tarim basin is abundant with petroleum exploration data,and 相似文献
154.
155.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):531-542
Abstract River corridor wetland restoration and freshwater diversion from the lower Mississippi River are being considered as two major options to reduce nitrogen input to the Gulf of Mexico. However, it is largely uncertain how much nitrogen can actually be retained from the overflowing waters by these wetland systems. This study quantified the nitrogen inflow and outflow for the largest distributary basin of the Mississippi River, the Atchafalaya River Swamp basin. The goal of the study was to seek answers to three critical questions: (a) Does the Atchafalaya River Swamp remove a significant amount of nitrogen from the overflowing water, or is it releasing more nitrogen into the Gulf? (b) How do the nitrogen removal or release rates fluctuate seasonally and annually? (c) What are the relationships between the nitrogen removal capacity and the hydrological conditions in the basin such as river stage and discharge? By utilizing the long-term (1978–2002) river discharge and water quality data, monthly and annual nitrogen fluxes were quantified, and their relationships with the basin hydrological conditions investigated. A total nitrogen—sum of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen (NO3+NO2)—mass input—output balance between the upstream (Simmesport) and downstream (Morgan City and Wax Lake Outlet) locations was established to examine the nitrogen removal potential for this, the largest freshwater swamp basin in North America. The results from this study showed that, over the past 25 years, the Atchafalaya River Swamp basin acted as a source for NO3+NO2 nitrogen, although the average annual output of NO3+NO2 nitrogen (174 584 Mg) was only slightly higher (2.3%) than the average annual input of NO3+NO2 nitrogen (170 721 Mg). The higher NO3+NO2 mass outflow occurred throughout summer and autumn, indicating an active role of biological processes on nitrogen in the overflowing waters of the Atchafalaya. However, this swamp basin has served as a major sink for organic nitrogen: the annual averages of TKN mass input and output were 200 323 and 145 917 Mg year?1, respectively, presenting a 27.2% removal rate by the basin. This large TKN reduction appeared high during springs and low during late summers, corresponding with the fluctuation of the hydrological conditions of the river. 相似文献
156.
经典测定钙、镁含量的方法是用EDTA标准溶液滴定钙镁总量后再滴定钙,此方法对于含钙、镁离子盐水体系溶解度的测定,尤其在镁含量较高的情况下,其分析精度和准确度远远迭不到要求。针对硝酸钙、硝酸镁混合样品,采用EDTA质量滴定法测定钙镁总量,用草酸钙沉淀法从镁中定量分离钙,然后运用羔减法计算出镁的含量。实验结果表明,当混合溶液中镁钙的质量比不超过10:1时,钙、镁离子分析结果的相对误差在±0.3%之内,但镁钙的质量比超过10:1时,相对误差达到1%。因此,在一定的镁钙质量比范围内,此方法可用于盐水体系中钙、镁含量的准确测定。 相似文献
157.
副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是海水养殖动物弧菌病的主要病原菌之一。为实现对该菌的现场快速检测,本文以制备的兔抗副溶血弧菌多克隆抗体作为金标抗体,提取副溶血弧菌的外膜蛋白、鞭毛蛋白、胞外产物和全菌蛋白,以不同浓度的4种抗原蛋白作为4条检测线(T1~T4),特别在T4线设置全菌蛋白,基于竞争免疫层析原理研制出副溶血弧菌胶体金快速检测试纸。使用该试纸检测了副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)、鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)和鱼肠道弧菌(V.ichthyoenteri),检测结果表明其能够准确鉴别副溶血弧菌感染,排除其他菌的交叉反应干扰。副溶血弧菌快速检测试纸的最低检测限为5×105 cfu·mL^-1,感染副溶血弧菌的牙鲆组织的检测结果与ELISA结果一致。本文研制的试纸具有较高的特异性与准确性且操作简单,为现场快速检测副溶血弧菌提供了有力工具。 相似文献
158.
桂林硝盐洞滴水水文和水化学动态变化特征 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
为认识裸露型岩溶包气带洞穴水文水化学动态变化特征,以桂林硝盐洞滴水为例,选取桂林硝盐洞3处滴水,对滴速、电导率、pH值、Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+进行监测,结果显示:(1)岩溶洞穴滴水的离子浓度与温度降水关系密切,高温多雨时节岩溶作用加快,洞穴滴水中Ca2+、Mg2+含量升高,同时强降雨会导致离子浓度产生很大波动;(2)滴水化学性质受到土壤、基岩顶板厚度、滴水量等的影响,土壤层越厚,滴水中Ca2+含量越高;(3)受“慢速补给”的滴水点,其滴水量与离子浓度呈正相关性,而受“快速补给”的滴水点,其滴水量与离子浓度呈负相关性;同时接受两种方式补给的滴水点,其滴水量和离子浓度变化剧烈,且呈良好的正相关性。 相似文献
159.
The Java-Sumatra upwelling is one of the most important upwelling systems in the Indian Ocean, with maximum upwelling intensity in July through August. To estimate the nitrate supplied by upwelling, we developed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model to calculate the mean vertical speed and determine the depth of upwelling. We used in-situ vertical nitrate profiles to assess nitrate concentration in the upwelled waters, and calculated the nitrate supply as the product of nitrate concentration and vertical transport obtained from the numerical model. The calculated result represents potential new production generated in the upwelling region. We found that on the event time scale (monthly) of Java-Sumatra upwelling, water brought to the surface originated from locations 100-m deep, giving a nitrate supply of 93.77×10 3mol/s and potential new production of 1.02×10 14gC/a. 相似文献
160.
Understanding the origin and fate of nitrate in groundwater of semi-arid environments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S. Stadler K. Osenbrück K. Knller A. Suckow J. Sültenfuß H. Oster T. Himmelsbach H. Htzl 《Journal of Arid Environments》2008,72(10):1830-1842
Though nitrate enrichment in groundwater is a worldwide phenomenon and mainly related to human impact, processes leading to nitrate enrichment in scarcely inhabited semi-arid regions are not yet well understood. In those regions, elevated nitrate concentrations put additional pressure on the scarce water resources, as they pose a serious health risk. This study applies a multidisciplinary approach (hydrogeology, isotope hydrology, and geochemistry) to understand the origin and fate of nitrate in groundwater of the semi-arid Kalahari of Botswana. Our investigations suggest that nitrate in groundwater of the study area is of natural origin, leached from a pool in the unsaturated zone that was actively involved in the soil nitrogen cycle. The presence of active (minor) recharge was found, showing that nitrate may be transported into the groundwater under the present conditions. Yet, slow travel times of replenishing water and the low recharge amounts render the thick unsaturated zone into a long-term reservoir for nitrate. Being only little influenced by reactive processes, nitrate has a high persistency in the observed groundwater system. Concentration increases induced by the present land-use do not yet appear to affect the groundwater quality but may within decades. 相似文献