过量酸性铬蓝K隐色光度法测定铜的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄典文 《岩矿测试》1993,12(2):93-95

在pH 4.0的微酸性介质中,酸性铬蓝K同Cu~(2+)形成稳定的红色络合物,用H_2O_2为隐色剂可以隐去过量显色剂的颜色,消除高色度背景的影响。络合物的最大吸收波长为540nm,摩尔吸光系数为1.6×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Cu量在0～1.4μg/ml范围服从比尔定律。方法已应用于测定矿样中的Cu。  相似文献   

宝石颜色的命名与判定方法评述     

张庆麟 《上海国土资源》1998,(3):24-29

较系统评述了现有的各种命名与判定宝石颜色的方法,如命名法中的二名法、类似法、色度法和三要素法;判定法中的目测法、仪器测量法和对比法。指出它们均存在有不同程度的缺点,但相对比较起来,用色谱图系的对比法是目前较好的方法。  相似文献   

紫外-可见光谱仪在区分天然颜色和染色金珍珠的局限性     

郭倩  徐志 《地质科学译丛》2014,(1):35-39

随着金珍珠饰品的流行,市场上出现越来越多的颜色处理过的金珍珠。天然颜色的金珍珠与染色金珍珠的价格相差甚远,故金珍珠的颜色检测显得尤为重要。目前,紫外一可见光谱仪（Uv-Vis）被认为是有效鉴别金珍珠颜色的测试手段之一,但在检测工作中,当利用紫外一可见光谱仪判定某些金珍珠是否染色时,发现其结论存在一定的争议性。前人的研究显示,在紫外一可见光谱中出现350-360nm处的吸收峰为天然色素的吸收所致,410-450nm出现明显吸收峰归因于有机染料所致。在实际工作中,笔者发现一些金珍珠样品不同部位的紫外一可见光谱不一样,有时测试结果还与显微镜下的特征相矛盾。因此,笔者初步分析了金珍珠的颜色成因,探讨了紫外一可见光谱仪在检测金珍珠时存在的局限性。  相似文献   

Observations Of Scattered Light From Cometary Dust And Their Interpretation     

JOCKERS  KLAUS 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1997,79(1-3):221-245

This review begins with a discussion of the techniques needed for observations of scattered light from cometary dust. After an introduction into the basic concepts of the scattering process, observations of the phase curves of brightness, colour and polarization are covered. Images of colour and polarization are presented and the observed relation of colour and polarization in jets and shells is discussed. The interpretation of the measurements is based on the power law size distributions of dust grains observed from space. The power index must lie between 2 and 4 to provide the mass budget and visibility of the dust coma in accordance with the basic facts of cometary physics. Application of mechanical (radiation pressure) theory to cometary images allows us to derive related power law distributions for comets not explored by spacecraft. Grain scattering models are presented and compared with observations. A prediction is made of the spatial distribution of Stokes parameters U and V in the presence of aligned particles. Up to now such patterns have not been observed. Future work should include the exploration of comets at small and possibly very small phase angles and a detailed comparison of polarization and colour images of comets with thermal images and with models based on mechanical theory. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Colour infrared aerial photography as a tool for vegetation mapping and change detection in environmental studies of Nordic ecosystems: A review     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):170-191

The aim of the paper is to sum up knowledge of colour infrared (CIR) aerial photography as a tool for vegetation data for mapping and monitoring in environmental and biodiversity surveys and change detection surveillance. It compiles thirty years of research of the main ecosystems in Swedish vegetation, where the overall goal was to develop methods for mapping and monitoring vegetation by use of CIR aerial photographs, assess the accuracy compared to field-based mapping and to implement them as a tool in nature conservation and environmental planning. The methods include development of a classification system, identification and analysis of indicators, development of interpretation techniques, and evaluation compared to the data collected in the field. The CIR observable criteria are colour, texture, pattern, size, form, and density, based on spectral reflectance, physiognomy, life forms, ecological conditions, moisture and nutrition, vegetation period and phenology, topography, site conditions, and management methods. The methods have been used to produce vegetation maps of mountains, boreal forests, and mires in northern and central Sweden, in national inventories of wetlands, ancient meadows and pastures, key biotopes in forests and for monitoring agricultural landscapes.  相似文献   

海洋水色卫星遥感研究与进展   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

李四海  王宏 《地球科学进展》2000,15(2):190-196

系统介绍了目前海洋水色卫星遥感在海洋碳通量、生物海洋学及上层海洋过程研究,以及海岸带环境监测与管理中的主要应用方向;分析了上述应用对水色卫星传感器在时空分辨率、光谱波段设置和空间覆盖范围等方面的具体设计要求;概括了新一代水色卫星传感器的特点;指出了水色卫星遥感资料应用中的定标、大气校正及定量反演技术等关键问题;介绍了各国海洋水色卫星遥感的发展计划,提出了我国海洋水色卫星遥感研究的对策。  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial trends of lake acidity in northern Sweden     

Tom Korsman 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,22(1):1-15

Changes in lake-water pH, alkalinity and colour were inferred from diatoms in surface sediment samples and sediment samples from pre-industrial times from 118 northern Swedish lakes. This palaeolimnological study does not support the hypothesis that there is a large-scale modern acidification in the two northernmost counties of Sweden; pH had decreased significantly in eight lakes, while five had a significant increase. Partial least-squares regression of changes in water chemistry in relation to catchment characteristics was performed to evaluate the causes of the acidity status. Furthermore, temporal trends were assessed from long sediment cores from five acidic lakes. The results suggest that the presently acid lakes have faced a long-term acidification trend over several thousand years due to soil-forming processes and vegetation development. However, due to the acid sensitivity of the region, future acidification trends in northern Swedish lakes should be carefully observed and assessed.  相似文献   

Ecological and Life History Characteristics of Botryllus schlosseri Tunicata Populations Inhabiting Undersurface Shallow-Water Stones     

B. Rinkevich  R. Porat  M. Goren 《Marine Ecology》1998,19(2):129-145

Abstract. Populations of Botryllus schlosseri PALLAS 1772. a cosmopolitan colonial ascidian. were examined on the undersurface of stones for the first time in three adjoining localities along the Israeli Mediterranean coast. A two-year study of 1589 stones which were inhabited by 1345 colonies, revealed that colony coverage was < 1.5 % of the total available substrate area; values were highest in spring, lowest in winter. The two years differed significantly in the number of colonies · m ², and these numbers were correlated with mean seawater temperatures. Most of the stones contained 1–5 Botryllus colonies year-round; no significant correlation was found between number and stone size. The brown morph was dominant 80 % at all three localities. The distribution of other colour morphs differed between localities. Reproductive colonies were either hermaphroditic or contained male gonads only. Peak reproduction was in the spring, but did not correlate with seawater temperatures. While colony size ranged between I and 1I55zooids, sexually mature colonies consisted of 171–273 zooids on the average, compared with 37–90 zooids for sterile colonies. The three populations differed significantly in several ecological and life history characteristics. This further confirmed past studies indicating that Botryllus populations are characteristically divided into local subpopulations exhibiting microgeographic differences in life history patterns. The results are compared with the accumulated data on other world-wide Botryllus populations residing in other habitats.  相似文献   

基于OLCI数据的洱海叶绿素a浓度估算     

毕顺  李云梅  吕恒  朱利  牟蒙  雷少华  徐杰  温爽  丁潇蕾 《湖泊科学》2018,30(3):701-712

海陆颜色仪(OLCI)是搭载在Sentinel-3上的新型水色遥感传感器,其对于内陆清洁水体水质遥感监测的适用性有待验证.本研究以评价水体富营养化程度的重要参数叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度为指标,以高原湖泊洱海为研究区,基于2017年4月19日共20个星地同步实验数据,建立了3种可应用于OLCI数据的Chl.a浓度遥感估算模型(波段比值模型、三波段模型以及FLH模型),并估算了当日洱海Chl.a浓度的空间分布.结果表明:(1)选用波段Oa8(665 nm)、Oa11(708.75 nm)和Oa12(753.75 nm)构建的三波段模型最适用于洱海水域的Chl.a浓度估算,其平均绝对误差百分比为12.37%,低于波段比值模型的16.04%和FLH模型的13.50%;(2)对OLCI使用的大气校正方法中,基于去瑞利散射的暗像元法对估算模型的适用性要优于6S、FLAASH以及QUAC方法;(3)洱海OLCI影像中近岸水体受邻近效应影响严重,近红外波段Oa12(753.75 nm)受陆地邻近效应影响的距离为1~2个像元,而Oa8(665 nm)、Oa10(681.25 nm)和Oa11(708.75 nm)波段为1个像元;(4)2017年4月19日全湖Chl.a浓度均值为12.15±5.72μg/L,洱海中部水域Chl.a浓度最低(9.00~12.00μg/L),北部水域浓度最高(12.00~22.76μg/L),南部水域浓度稍高(12.00~14.00μg/L),阳南溪与波罗江入湖口受降雨径流的影响出现"羽流现象",导致Chl.a浓度偏低,约为8.33μg/L.  相似文献   

东太湖CDOM吸收光谱的影响因素与参数确定   总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12  

马荣华  戴锦芳  张运林 《湖泊科学》2005,17(2):120-126

CDOM吸收特性是湖泊水色遥感的重要研究内容之一,影响着水体的遥感反射率;吸收光谱的形状一般符合波长的负指数关系,但不同水体的形态因子即S值是不同的.实地采集东太湖水样,实验室测量叶绿素、悬浮物质以及黄色物质的组份含量,室内测试计算水样的CDOM吸收光谱,根据光谱曲线形状,把样点分为三组,分别进行考察,结果发现对东太湖春季水体而言,浮游植物的降解对CDOM吸收具有重要甚至主导作用;水体中有机悬浮颗粒占有一定的比例,在测试或计算东太湖总的吸收或散射系数时,必须充分考虑有机悬浮颗粒的吸收与散射特性,否则会带来较大的误差;以500nm为分界点,把300—700nm的波段范围分为两个部分即300—500nm和500—700nm,分别定义CDOM吸收光谱的曲线斜率即S值,可以提高CDOM吸收光谱的估测精度,把S值定义为随波长线性变化的函数,可以进一步提高CDOM吸收光谱的估测精度,对东太湖春季水体而言,当:300≤λ<500nm时,S(μm-1)=-0.0193×λ 20.821,当500≤λ≤700nm时,S(μm-1)=-0.0121×λ 16.003.  相似文献