浅地层剖面仪在近海航道工程中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹双  罗红雨  曾飞 《海岸工程》2010,29(2):70-75

采用浅地层剖面仪在中国黄海近海航道工程中进行声学剖面探测,可以有效界定工程区域地质构造,尤其是识别坚硬礁岩及灾害性浅层气。根据工程实例进行了典型的地层剖面解析分析并对层内物质成分及其沉积环境作了简单的说明。  相似文献   

影响北京的两次沙尘过程传输特征对比分析     

花丛  刘超  张碧辉 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):99-107

2017年5月4-5日和2015年3月28-30日两次影响北京的沙尘天气均包含外来输送及沙尘回流过程。采用常规气象观测资料、大气成分资料、CALIPSO卫星监测及风廓线雷达数据等，对两次过程中的气象要素变化、传输轨迹、天气学条件、边界层特征等进行分析。结果表明：两次过程均由蒙古气旋引起，远距离传输过程中经沙源地传输的沙尘气溶胶可被抬升至700 hPa以上高度，主要传输层位于对流层中低层；高空急流强度、入口区位置及次级环流的结构对沙尘传输及影响区域有重要指示意义；沙尘回流主要受大气中低层偏南风输送带的影响，主要传输高度为1 km以下的低层大气，北京与回流上游城市PM₁₀浓度变化的时间滞后性与前期沙尘天气是否得到彻底清除有关。  相似文献   

Characteristics of sea breeze front development with various synoptic conditions and its impact on lower troposphere ozone formation     

Hyo-Eun JI  Soon-Hwan LEE  Hwa-Woon LEE 《大气科学进展》2013,30(5):1461-1478

To examine the correlation between the sizes of sea breeze fronts and pollutants under the influence of synoptic fields, a numerical simulation was conducted in the southeast coastal area of the Korean Peninsula, where relatively high concentrations of pollutants occur because of the presence of various kinds of industrial developments. Sea breeze and sea breeze front days during the period 2005-09 were identified using wind profiler data and, according to the results, the number of days were 72 and 53, respectively. When synoptic forcing was weak, sea breeze fronts moved fast both in horizontal fields and in terms of wind velocity, while in the case of strong synoptic forcing, sea breeze fronts remained at the coast or moved slowly due to strong opposing flows. In this case, the sea breeze front development function and horizontal potential temperature difference were larger than with weak synoptic forcing. The ozone concentration that moves together with sea breeze fronts was also formed along the frontal surfaces. Ozone advection and diffusion in the case of strong synoptic forcing was suppressed at the frontal surface and the concentration gradient was large. The vertical distribution of ozone was very low due to the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer (TIBL) being low.  相似文献   

A multi-frequency Acoustic Concentration and Velocity Profiler (ACVP) for boundary layer measurements of fine-scale flow and sediment transport processes     

David Hurther  Peter D. Thorne  Mickaël Bricault  Ulrich Lemmin  Jean-Marc Barnoud 《Coastal Engineering》2011

The use of acoustics to measure sediment transport boundary layer processes has gained increasing acceptance over the past two decades. This has occurred through the development of increasingly sophisticated measuring systems and theoretical developments, which have enabled flow and suspended sediment parameters to be obtained from acoustic data with a high degree of accuracy. Until relatively recently, separate acoustic systems were used to measure flow and suspended sediment concentration. Over the past few years, however, the technology has become sufficiently advanced so that flow and sediment measurements can be integrated into a single system. This integration provides, quasi-instantaneous, non-intrusive, co-located, high temporal-spatial resolution measurements of benthic flow and sediment processes. Here the development of such an instrument, the Acoustic Concentration and Velocity Profiler (ACVP) is described. The theory underpinning its application is outlined, new approaches to velocity de-aliasing and suspended sediment inversion instabilities using multi-frequency capabilities are presented and the application of the system to sediment transport processes over a sandy ripple bed is illustrated. The observations clearly show the value of such instrumentation for studying the dynamical interaction between the bed, the flow and the sediments at and within the bottom boundary layer.  相似文献   

Inertial currents in the northern North sea     

P. J. Knight  M. J. Howarth  T. P. Rippeth 《Journal of Sea Research》2002,47(3-4)

Current profiles were measured in the northern North Sea during the autumnal breakdown of stratification (September and October) in 1998. The site was in 110 m of water and the depth-averaged M₂ tidal current amplitudes were about 0.15 m s⁻¹. The surface and bed mixed layers were initially well separated. The measurements were made principally with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) which gave good coverage of the majority of the water column.During a two-month period several episodes of inertial currents were observed, exhibiting a range of responses some of which corresponded very closely to that predicted by theory. The structure of the inertial currents was primarily first mode baroclinic, with no inertial energy in the depth-averaged current. This implies that the currents in the lower layer are strongly linked to those in the surface layer and also that dissipation could be generated by bed friction, but the nature of the link is unclear. The level of least motion coincided with the thermocline. Since the currents in the upper and lower layers are 180° out of phase, large shears can occur across the thermocline; occasionally the bulk Richardson number determined with a four-metre vertical resolution was less than one.Turbulence measurements suggest that when large inertial current shears are present across the thermocline, which exceed the buoyancy frequencies, then mixing within and across the thermocline is significant. Future experiments should concentrate on enhanced dissipation measurements around the thermocline and higher spatial resolution time series measurements of current and density.  相似文献   

风廓线雷达回波参量估计算法验证及其地杂波抑制方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

张雯雯  刘黎平  阮征  葛润生 《高原气象》2011,30(4):1096-1101

估计天气状况的回波资料均由雷达厂家直接给出,其估计的准确性及精确度还有待验证。针对这一问题,改进了回波信号的模拟方法,给出了一套可行的检验目前估计各种雷达回波参数算法正确性的系统;同时为了减小地杂波对信号参数估计的影响,在静态小波变换的基础上,提出了一种抑制风廓线雷达地杂波的方法,这种方法通过计算各层小波系数上的二阶原...  相似文献   

风廓线雷达探测零度层亮带的试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

黄钰  阮征  葛润生  陈钟荣 《高原气象》2011,30(5):1376-1383

L波段风廓线雷达采用相干累积技术提高雷达探测灵敏度,用于对降水云体垂直探测,能获取高分辨率的云体返回信号的全谱信息。应用它对2009年5月14日层状云降水过程中出现的零度层亮带进行了连续探测研究,得到零度层亮带附近区域中返回信号的谱参数（功率、平均多普勒速度、速度谱宽）和回波功率谱密度分布随高度的变化和演变特征。在零度...  相似文献   

台风与冷空气对“13.10”上海特大暴雨过程的影响分析     

曹晓岗  王慧  漆梁波 《湖北气象》2014,(4):351-362

2013年10月7—8日上海地区发生特大暴雨过程。利用常规天气资料、FY-2E卫星云图、风廓线雷达资料、NCEP再分析资料以及国内所使用的主要业务模式预报资料,分析台风与冷空气对其发生发展的影响。结果表明,登陆减弱的1323号台风＂菲特＂低压环流与1324号台风＂丹娜丝＂北侧外围强东风急流为该过程强降水区提供了充足的水汽和能量;北方扩散南下冷空气、台风低压环流、＂丹娜丝＂北侧外围强东风急流三者的结合使切变辐合抬升得到加强;分析风廓线雷达资料发现,低层切变线在上海长时间维持是该地产生特大暴雨的主要原因;长时间维持的切变线反映在卫星云图上,为先后5个β中尺度对流云团生成、合并,并造成持续强降水。各业务模式预报结果检验表明,因其不能精确描述各台风的位置、强度和结构,对降水落区、强度以及最强降水时段预报均存在较大误差。对于模式预报误差,要重视实时资料的应用,尤其是组网风廓线雷达资料可作为大暴雨短时预警的重要参考依据。  相似文献   

投弃式海流电场剖面仪研制   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张启升  邓明  刘宁  孔银鸽  关善亮 《地球物理学报》2013,56(11):3699-3707

本文分析了投弃式海流电场剖面仪的发展,简介了海流感生电场的基本原理,提出了投弃式海流电场剖面仪的技术方案.根据投弃式海流电场剖面仪的实际需求,研发了XCP海流电场传感器,并通过XCP探头的自旋转(16 r/s),实现了将海流电场信号AM调制并频移至海流电场传感器的超低噪声频段,解决了在高噪声背景下快速测量纳伏级微弱海流电场信号.设计实现了XCP探头前端弱信号处理电路,对海流电场微弱信号进行滤波提取的同时可实现对海流电场同向分量进行硬件电路补偿,在一定程度上克服了XCP探头下沉引起感生电场的强干扰.在XCP探头内部采用SoPC技术实现对海流电场信号、罗盘线圈信号和温度信息的快速测量及其数字化处理,并将数字信息以UART协议及LVDS物理层数传方式发送到XCP浮筒端.开创了长度2 km、直径0.1 mm漆包线动态数据传输技术,解决了XCP探头和XCP浮筒之间的数字化数据传输问题.根据XCP探头所采集的海流电场信号与罗盘线圈信号的同相分量I_n、正交分量Q_n、基线量B_n数据,研究了XCP探测方法,从而计算出了海流的东向与北向相对速度分量V_Er、V_Nr.采用所研发的XCP,在我国南海海域首次采集到海面至海下千米深度的XCP海流电场信息和海洋温度信息.  相似文献   

基于风廓线雷达的北京春季一次“先霾后沙”空气污染过程分析     

刘超  花丛  张恒德  张碧辉 《中国沙漠》2019,39(5):88-96

利用NCEP再分析资料、逐小时污染物浓度数据、风廓线雷达及地面常规观测资料，对北京2018年3月26—29日一次“先霾后沙”的空气污染过程进行了分析。结果表明：霾污染期间PM_2.5峰值浓度为242 μg·m^-3，PM_2.5/PM₁₀值为0.86。受蒙古气旋影响，PM₁₀浓度出现爆发性增长，增长速率达到912 μg·m^-3·h^-1，PM_2.5/PM₁₀值下降至0.11。霾主要影响时段边界层内以西南风为主，平均通风量为15 907 m²·s^-1，大气边界层以稳定的弱上升或下沉运动为主；而沙尘影响时段平均通风量为9 226 m²·s^-1，沙尘天气爆发前边界层明显的下沉运动先于地面污染物浓度的变化。基于后向轨迹模式和潜在源贡献分析方法PSCF计算结果，霾影响时段河北中南部、山西中部等地对北京PM_2.5贡献较多；而沙尘影响时段，北京地区的PM₁₀主要来源于内蒙古中部和辽宁西部。  相似文献