日本囊对虾Marsupenaeus japonicus)组织蛋白酶D基因克隆及表达分析     

张曼  程光平  苏永全  徐伊桦  冯文荣  王军  宋晓红  毛勇 《海洋学报》2016,38(8):52-61

组织蛋白酶D是溶酶体天冬氨酸蛋白酶家族的主要成员,广泛参与动物机体细胞内蛋白质的降解过程,对维持细胞稳态和正常代谢具有重要的作用。为研究组织蛋白酶D在甲壳动物非特异性免疫和幼体发育过程中的作用,本研究采用RACE技术首次克隆得到日本囊对虾组织蛋白酶D基因cDNA序列,命名为MjCatD,其中开放阅读框长为1161 bp,编码386个氨基酸残基。序列分析和同源建模显示该基因编码的蛋白含有保守的N-糖基化位点、天冬氨酸蛋白酶签名序列、酶活化位点和非消化性组织蛋白酶D的特征序列,并且呈保守的双叶形结构。同源性比较和系统进化分析发现,MjCatD与斑节对虾、美洲螯龙虾和脊尾白虾相似性较高,并且与它们紧密聚为一支。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,MjCatD基因在日本囊对虾多个组织中均有表达,其中肝胰腺中表达量最高。在白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)感染后3～24 h日本囊对虾肝胰腺中MjCatD的表达量逐渐下降,而在48 h急剧上调至最高表达量并且与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。此外,MjCatD基因在幼体发育不同阶段中也表现出明显的变化趋势。以上研究表明,MjCatD基因可能参与日本囊对虾先天免疫反应和幼体发育过程。  相似文献   

Testing and modeling of the mechanical behavior of dolomite in the Wudongde hydropower plant     

J. C. Zhang  W. Y. Xu  H. L. Wang  Q. X. Meng 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2016,11(4):270-280

In order to understand the mechanical behaviours of the surrounding rocks in the underground caverns of the Wudongde hydropower plant, triaxial tests are performed on a type of dolomite. It is revealed that damage induced by crack development is the main factor controlling the nonlinear plastic deformation and failure behaviour of the dolomite in both pre- and post-peak regimes. Based on this understanding, a coupled elastoplastic damage model is developed for capturing the dolomite’s mechanical behaviours. In the model, the effects of plasticity and damage on rocks is described by introducing plastic hardening and damage softening commonly in the plastic yield surface. Which are both derived from a suitable Helmholtz free energy function. The model is used to simulate the triaxial tests. Comparisons between test results and the numerical modelling show that the developed model is capable of describing the macro mechanical behaviours of the Wudongde dolomite.  相似文献   

大黄鱼白细胞介素17受体E-like的分子特征及进化分析          下载免费PDF全文

丁扬  敖敬群  艾春香  陈新华 《应用海洋学学报》2016,35(1):107-115

白细胞介素17受体(Interleukin 17 receptor,IL-17R)家族与IL-17细胞因子家族介导的各类反应有着密切联系.IL-17RE-like(IL-17REL)是一类最新发现的IL-17受体,其结构与IL-17RE相似,但尚未发现其配体.本研究克隆得到大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)IL-17REL(Lyc IL-17REL)的全长c DNA,其开放阅读框全长1 659个核苷酸,推断可编码一个由552个氨基酸组成的蛋白,含有信号肽、胞外段、跨膜区和胞内段.与其他物种的IL-17REL相似,Lyc IL-17REL蛋白的胞外段具有一个保守的FN I-like结构域,而胞内段缺少IL-17受体家族保守的SEFIR(SEF and IL-17R)结构域.多序列比对分析表明Lyc IL-17REL与日本河豚(Takifugu rubripes)IL-17REL的氨基酸序列同源性最高,序列一致性可达57.0%.系统进化分析表明,脊椎动物的IL-17受体家族可分为2类,IL-17RA/RB/RD为一类,IL-17RC/RE/REL为一类.其中鱼类及高等脊椎动物的IL-17REL与IL-17RE亲缘关系最近,并且推测二者可能是由同一基因从硬骨鱼类之前的物种中分化而来.组织分布表明Lyc IL-17REL在所有被检测的组织中为组成型表达,在黏膜相关组织如小肠和鳃中的表达量最高.大黄鱼受嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)诱导刺激后,Lyc IL-17REL在其头肾及鳃中的基因转录水平均显著上调.这表明Lyc IL-17REL可能在细菌感染引起的免疫反应中起着重要作用.  相似文献   

Degradation of rock fracture asperities in unloading,reloading, and reversal     

Pooyan Asadollahi  Fulvio Tonon 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(12):1334-1346

Among the constitutive models for rock fractures developed over the years, Barton's empirical model has been widely used. Although Barton's failure criterion predicts peak shear strength of rock fractures with acceptable precision, it has some limitations in estimating the peak shear displacement, post‐peak shear strength, dilation, and surface degradation. The first author modified Barton's original model in order to address these limitations. Barton proposed his model for degradation of fracture asperities in unloading, reloading, and shear displacement reversal based on just one cyclic direct shear test. In this study, a database of results of 18 cyclic direct shear tests available in the literature was collected and analyzed. Modifications were made to Barton's original model (in terms of fracture cyclic shearing) to make it consistent with the modified model proposed by the first author. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Elastoplastic damage modeling of desaturation and resaturation in argillites     

Y. Jia  H. B. Bian  K. Su  D. Kondo  J. F. Shao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(2):187-220

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Selection of sand models and identification of parameters using an enhanced genetic algorithm          下载免费PDF全文

Yin‐Fu Jin  Zhen‐Yu Yin  Shui‐Long Shen  Pierre‐Yves Hicher 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(8):1219-1240

Numerous constitutive models of granular soils have been developed during the last few decades. As a consequence, how to select an appropriate model with the necessary features based on conventional tests and with an easy way of identifying parameters for geotechnical applications has become a major issue. This paper aims to discuss the selection of sand models and parameters identification by using genetic algorithm. A real‐coded genetic algorithm is enhanced for the optimization with high efficiency. Models with gradually varying features (elastic‐perfectly plastic modelling, nonlinear stress–strain hardening, critical state concept and two‐surface concept) are selected from numerous sand models as examples for optimization. Conventional triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as the objectives in the optimization. Four key points are then discussed in turn: (i) which features are necessary to be accounted for in constitutive modelling of sand; (ii) which type of tests (drained and/or undrained) should be selected for an optimal identification of parameters; (iii) what is the minimum number of tests that should be selected for parameter identification; and (iv) what is the suitable and least strain level of objective tests to obtain reliable and reasonable parameters. Finally, a useful guide, based on all comparisons, is provided at the end of the discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Explicit integration of a porosity‐dependent hydro‐mechanical model for unsaturated soils          下载免费PDF全文

Yue Zhang  Annan Zhou 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(17):2353-2382

An adaptive substepping explicit integration scheme is developed for a porosity‐dependent hydro‐mechanical model for unsaturated soils. The model is referred to as the modified σ –Θ model in this paper, which features the employment of the subloading surface plasticity and the stress–saturation approach. On numerical aspects, convex/nonconvex subloading surfaces in the σ –Θ space may result in incorrect loading–unloading decisions during the integration. A new loading–unloading decision method is developed here to solve the problem and then embedded into the explicit integration scheme for the modified σ –Θ model. In addition, to enhance the accuracy of the explicit integration, local errors from both hydraulic and mechanical components are included in the error control for each substep. A drift correction method is also developed to ensure the state point lies on the subloading surface in the σ –Θ space within a set error level. The performance of the loading–unloading decision method for the modified σ –Θ model is discussed through comparing it with the conventional loading–unloading decision method. The importance of involving the hydraulic component in the error control is also demonstrated. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed adaptive substepping explicit integration scheme for the modified p–Θ model are also studied via several numerical examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Description of deformation process in inherently anisotropic granular materials     

S. Pietruszczak  P. Guo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(5):478-490

The main focus in this work is on modeling of mechanical response of granular materials that display inherent anisotropy. Both the experimental and numerical investigations are described. First, the results of direct shear as well as drained/undrained triaxial tests that involve crushed limestone with elongated angular‐shaped particles are reviewed. Afterward, a mathematical framework is presented for modeling of elastic/ inelastic deformation that incorporates the multi‐laminate approach. The deformation is monitored on a set of randomly oriented planes, and the formulation incorporates the thickness of the shear band that is associated with sliding/separation process. A systematic procedure for identification of material functions/ parameters is outlined that is based on the results of direct shear tests, and the framework is later applied to simulate the behavior under triaxial conditions. The results of numerical simulations are compared with the experimental data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

岩土材料弹塑性动本构模型研究概况     

徐干成  谢定义 《岩土力学》1993,14(3):81-93

本文介绍了砂土本构模型研究的历史及现状,特别是对国内较少涉及的动弹塑性本构模型研究情况作了详细的介绍,并就作者的理解体会作了一些评价。  相似文献   

The frictional behavior of lizardite and antigorite serpentinites: Experiments,constitutive models,and implications for natural faults   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Linda A. Reinen  John D. Weeks  Terry E. Tullis 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1994,143(1-3):317-358

Laboratory studies of the frictional behavior of rocks can provide important information about the strength and sliding stability of natural faults. We have conducted friction experiments on antigorite and lizardite serpentinites, rocks common to both continental and oceanic crustal faults. We conducted both velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests on bare surfaces and gouge layers of serpentinite at room temperature. We find that the coefficient of friction of lizardite serpentinite is quite low (0.15–0.35) and could explain the apparent low stresses observed on crustal transform faults, while that of antigorite serpentinite is comparable to other crustal rocks (0.50–0.85). The frictional behavior of both types of serpentinite is well described by a two-mechanism model combining state-variable-dominated behavior at high slip velocities and flow-dominated behavior at low velocities. The two-mechanism model is supported by data from velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests. The low velocity behavior of serpentinite is strongly rate strengthening and should result in stable fault creep on natural faults containing either antigorite or lizardite serpentinite.  相似文献