大陆玄武岩原始水含量的测定及其对源区组分的制约     

夏群科  刘佳  陈欢  刘少辰  冯敏 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(3):371-381

理解大陆板内玄武岩的源区组成和成因是认识地幔动力学过程和化学不均一性的重要途径。由于不同地幔端员具有不同的水含量及水与其它不相容元素的比值(如H2O/Ce),原始水含量的测定对于认识玄武岩的源区组成将会提供新的信息。玄武岩玻璃和斑晶中的熔体包裹体是获得海洋玄武岩原始水含量的主要样品,但是不适合于大陆玄武岩,因为大陆玄武岩玻璃由于强烈的去气作用不能反映真实水含量,而大陆玄武岩斑晶中的熔体包裹体少而小,不易获得足量、准确的数据。本文介绍一种最近发展起来的推断大陆玄武岩原始水含量的方法,即利用红外光谱测定玄武岩中单斜辉石斑晶的水含量,然后结合水在单斜辉石与玄武质熔体中的分配系数来反演与斑晶平衡的熔体水含量,进而估计原始玄武质岩浆的水含量。文中详细叙述了方法的适用性、误差的估计以及具体的操作流程,并通过东北双辽和华北太行山新生代玄武岩的研究实例,展示了玄武岩水含量对于源区组成的有力制约。  相似文献   

中国北方新生代大陆变形及其动力学机制分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐芹芹  季建清涂继耀侯建军 《中国地质》2015,(6):1633-1633

大陆变形研究是大陆动力学的基本内容之一,对断裂构造及盆山演化进行研究是认识与了解大陆变形最直接有效的途径。中生代晚期—新生代,中国北方受到印度板块向北俯冲、太平洋板块向西运动与西伯利亚板块阻挡所导致的复杂构造动力系统的长期作用,地壳变形复杂,是研究大陆变形理想的天然实验室。本文在详细野外构造解析基础上,结合遥感与数字地貌技术、地震反射资料解释以及低温热年代学方法,通过对中国北方新生代断裂作用和山脉隆升历史研究,理清了断裂发育序次、断裂作用与构造应力场的对应关系,掌握了现今构造地貌格局东西差异的成因,并探讨了大陆变形的动力学机制。古新世—早始新世,中国北方普遍发育一组NNE向的断裂构造,该组断裂并非全区均匀发育,东部断裂规模较大,地貌特征明显,向西规模逐渐变小。NNE向断裂具有左行走滑的运动学特征,大致对应NW-SE向挤压应力场,推测NNE向左行走滑断裂的发育与新生代早期太平洋板块NNW向运动有关。NNE向断裂发育之后,东部渤海湾周边发育了NE向右行、NW向左行共轭走滑断裂,大致对应近EW向挤压应力场。西准噶尔地区发育了NE向左行、NW向右行走滑断裂,大致对应近NS向挤压应力场。东、西部的NE、NW向断裂都叠加在NNE向断裂之上,改造和破坏了早期NNE向断裂。本文推测东部后期断裂的发育与43~42 Ma太平洋板块运动由NNW转变为WNW向有关,而西部NE、NW向断裂发育与印度-欧亚大陆碰撞远程效应有关。随着印度板块持续北向运动并发生顺时针旋转,西部地区保持NNE向挤压应力场,发育了一系列NW、NNW向断裂。东部地区依然呈现近EW向挤压应力场。受到新生代以来各组断裂构造的影响,中国北方山脉和盆地呈现出线状与面状结合的网格状特征。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄统计显示,东部地区普遍经历了古新世—早始新世(66~42 Ma)的隆升-剥露,该期构造事件为现今东部地区构造地貌格局的形成奠定了基础。与东部地区不同,西部地区则存在8~6 Ma等时面,且8~6 Ma整体隆升-剥露为西部地区现今构造地貌格局的形成做出了主要的贡献。  相似文献   

粤西福湖岭混合岩–花岗岩剖面的发现及其意义     

张俊浩  许清燕  陈国能  唐煜坤  胡文烨  陈震  娄峰  彭卓伦  邱惟  王勇 《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(3)

作者野外调查发现的广东阳西福湖岭剖面,自上而下呈云母石英片岩→斑点状和条纹状混合岩→条带状混合岩→混合花岗岩(或"脏花岗岩")的连续分带,且不同类型岩石具有不同变形特征,为研究壳内熔融和花岗岩浆形成及大陆流变等提供了不可多得的自然实例。初步测年结果表明,混合岩和花岗岩均形成于415~445 Ma之间,为加里东期的产物。  相似文献   

Formation Conditions and Sedimentary Model of Over-Flooding Lake Deltas within Continental Lake Basins: An Example from the Paleogene in the Jiyang Subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin     

WANG Jian  CAO Yingchang  LIU Huimin  GAO Yongjin 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(1):270-284

A large quantity of drilling core, paleontology, geochemistry and geophysics data revealed several features of the Jiyang subbasin during the deposition of the Ek1-Es4 x members:(1) the paleotopography of the gentle slope belt had an extremely low gradient;(2) the paleoclimate frequently alternated between dry and wet periods in a generally arid setting;(3) there was strong weathering around the periphery of the basin;(4) the lake was very shallow;(5) the lake level frequently rose and fell; and(6) the sedimentary environment of the gentle slope belt was an overflooding lake. All of these factors provided favorable geological conditions for the development of an over-flooding lake delta. The lithologies of the continental over-flooding lake delta deposits are complex and diverse. The compositional maturity is moderate to low, and the grain size distribution curves and sedimentary structures indicate the presence of both gravity and traction currents. The sedimentary microfacies associations consist of a combination of ordered superposition of flood channels, distributary channels and sheet sands. The delta exhibits a weak foreset seismic reflection. The over-flooding lake delta deposits are laterally extensive. The sandstone content is high, and the individual sandstone beds are thin. The flood channel and distributary channel deposits exhibit evidence of bifurcation and lateral migration. The distribution of the sandbodies and the oxidation color of the mudstones provide evidence of cyclic deposition. The paleoclimate was the dominant factor controlling the development of the over-flooding lake delta. Due to the frequently alternating wet and dry paleoclimates, the over-flooding lake delta is characterized by the development of a broad upper plain and a lower delta plain. The upper delta plain is characterized by flood channel deposits, whereas the lower delta plain is represented by distributary channel deposits. The transition zone is characterized by the interaction of flood channels and distributary channels. Due to fault activity, the sandbodies of the over-flooding lake delta were juxtaposed against hydrocarbon source rocks, which was favorable for the development of lithologic reservoirs or structural-lithologic reservoirs. The lower delta plain deposits comprise the most favorable reservoirs.  相似文献   

海啸波传播的线性和非线性特征及近海陆架效应影响的数值研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王培涛  于福江  范婷婷  董剑希 《海洋学报》2014,36(5):18-29

浅水方程被广泛应用于海啸预警报业务及研究,而针对线性浅水方程与非线性浅水方程在不同海区水深地形条件下的适用范围、计算效率问题是海啸研究人员急需了解的。本文应用基于浅水方程的海啸数值预报模型就海啸波在南海、东海传播的线性、非线性特征以及陆架对其传播之影响进行了数值分析研究。海啸波在深水的传播表征为强线性特征,此时线性系统对海啸波幅的模拟计算具有较高的精度和效率,而弱的非线性特征及弱的色散特征对海啸波幅的预报影响甚微,可以忽略不计。海啸波传播至浅水大陆架后受海底坡度变化、海底粗糙度等因素影响,波动的非线性效应迅速传播、积累,与线性浅水方程计算的海啸波相比表现出较大差异,主要表现为:在南海区,水深小于100m时,海啸波首波以后的系列波动非线性特征比较明显,两者波幅差别较大,但首波波幅的区别不大,因此对于该区域在不考虑海啸爬高的情况下,应用线性系统计算得到的海啸波幅也可满足海啸预警报的要求;在东海区由于陆架影响,海啸波非线性特征明显增强,水深小于100m区域,首波及其后系列波波幅均差异较大,故在该区域必须考虑海啸波非线性作用。本文就底摩擦项对海啸波首波波幅的影响进行了数值对比分析,结果表明:底摩擦作用对海啸波首波波幅影响仅作用于小于100m水深。最后,该文通过敏感性试验,初步分析了陆架宽度及陆架边缘深度对海啸波波幅的影响,得出海啸波经陆架传播共振、变形后,海啸波幅的放大或减小与陆架的宽度及陆架边缘水深有关。  相似文献   

南海珠江口盆地陆坡稳定性评价     

刘科  王建华 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):155-160

In nature, a slope stability is determined by the ratio of a sliding resistance to a slide force. The slide force of a marine deep-water continental slope is mainly affected by sediment mechanics properties, a topography, and a marine seismic. However, the sliding resistance is mainly affected by sedimentary patterns and a sedimentary stress history. Both of these are different from case to case, and their impact can be addressed when the data are organized in a geographic information system（GIS）. The study area on the continental slope in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin in South China Sea provides an excellent opportunity to apply GIS spatial analysis technology for the evaluation of the slope stability. In this area, a continental slope topography and a three-dimension（3-D） topography mapping show a sea-floor morphology and the distribution of a slope steepness in good detail, and the sediment analysis of seabed samples and an indoor appraisal reveals the variability of a sediment density near the sea-floor surface. On the basis of the results of nine geotechnical studies of submarine study areas, it has worked out that an equivalent cyclic shear stress ratio is roughly between 0.158 and 0.933, which is mainly depending on the initial water content of sediment. A regional density, slope and level of anticipated seismic shaking information are combined in a GIS framework to yield a map that illustrates a continental slope stability zoning under the influencing factors in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin in the South China Sea. The continental slope stability evaluation can contribute to north resources development in the South China Sea, the marine functional zoning, the marine engineering construction and adjust measures to local conditions, at the same time also can provide references for other deep-water slope stability analysis.  相似文献   

南海西南次海盆与南沙地块的OBS探测和地壳结构   总被引：18，自引：9，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

丘学林  赵明辉  敖威  吕川川  郝天珧  游庆瑜  阮爱国  李家彪 《地球物理学报》2011,54(12):3117-3128

跨越南海西南次海盆南部陆缘和南沙地块中部的OBS973-1测线是南海南部首次采集的海底地震仪(OBS)广角反射与折射深地震测线,本文通过震相分析和走时正演拟合,获得了沿测线的二维纵波速度结构模型.模拟结果显示表层沉积物速度2.5～4.5 km/s,厚度1000～3000m,局部基底面起伏较大.结晶基底的速度从顶部的4....  相似文献   

Distribution and photoreactivity of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in northern Gulf of Mexico shelf waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Christopher Shank  Anne Evans 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(10):1128-1139

The distribution and photoreactivity of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the northern Gulf of Mexico along the Louisiana coastal shelf were examined during three cruises in summer 2007, fall 2007, and summer 2008. The influence of the Mississippi River plume was clearly evident as CDOM levels (defined as a₃₀₅) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were well-correlated with salinity during all cruises. Elevated CDOM and CDOM:DOC ratios of surface samples collected offshore of Atchafalaya Bay and the Breton-Chandeleur Sound complex indicated emanations of organic-rich waters from coastal wetlands are also an important source to nearshore shelf waters. Generally, CDOM and DOC levels were highest in surface waters and decreased with depth, but during summer 2007 and summer 2008, CDOM levels in near-bottom samples were occasionally higher than at mid-depths without concomitant increases in DOC. CDOM photobleaching was measured during 24 irradiations using a SunTest XLS+ solar simulator with photobleaching rate coefficients (k₃₀₅) ranging from 0.011 to 0.32 h⁻¹. For fall 2007 and summer 2008, higher k₃₀₅ values were generally observed in samples with higher initial CDOM levels. However, samples collected during summer 2007 did not exhibit a similar pattern nor were there differences in photobleaching rates between surface and bottom samples. Spectral slope coefficients (S_275-295 or S_350-400) and DOC levels were largely unchanged after 24 h irradiations. Modeled CDOM photobleaching for northern Gulf of Mexico mid-shelf waters predicts that during the summer when solar irradiance is high and the water column becomes stratified, nearly 90% of the CDOM in the upper 1 m may be lost to photobleaching, with losses up to 20% possible even at 10 m depth.  相似文献   

Short and medium term dynamics of the carbon exchange between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea     

K. Kuliński  J. SheJ. Pempkowiak 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(15):1611-1619

A detailed analysis of the short and medium term dynamics of the carbon exchange between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea is presented. To quantify the carbon fluxes distinguishing the Baltic and North Sea water masses, the salinity-based End Members (EM) method was successfully applied. The results of 0.63±0.25×10¹² mol C year⁻¹ identify the Baltic Sea as a net source of carbon for the North Sea. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was found to contribute significantly (22%) to the bulk of exported carbon. The levels determined suggest the hydrology-dependence of the carbon fluxes in the Danish Straits, which stimulates the high variability of carbon fluxes at both interseasonal and interannual scales.  相似文献   

Shelf habitat distribution as a legacy of Late Quaternary marine transgressions: A case study from a tropical carbonate province     

Scott L. Nichol  Brendan P. Brooke 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(17):1845-1857

The legacy of multiple marine transgressions is preserved in a complex morphology of ridges, mounds and reefs on the Carnarvon continental shelf, Western Australia. High-resolution multibeam sonar mapping, underwater photography and sampling across a 280 km² area seaward of the Ningaloo Coast World Heritage Area shows that these raised features provide hardground habitat for modern coral and sponge communities. Prominent among these features is a 20 m high and 15 km long shore-parallel ridge at 60 m water depth. This ridge preserves the largely unaltered form of a fringing reef and is interpreted as the predecessor to modern Ningaloo Reef. Landward of the drowned reef, the inner shelf is covered by hundreds of mounds (bommies) up to 5 m high and linear ridges up to 1.5 km long and 16 m high. The ridges are uniformly oriented to the north-northeast and several converge at their landward limit. On the basis of their shape and alignment, these ridges are interpreted as relict long-walled parabolic dunes. Their preservation is attributed to cementation of calcareous sands to form aeolianite, prior to the post-glacial marine transgression. Some dune ridges abut areas of reef that rise to sea level and are highly irregular in outline but maintain a broad shore-parallel trend. These are tentatively interpreted as Last Interglacial in age. The mid-shelf and outer shelf are mostly sediment covered with relatively low densities of epibenthic biota and have patches of low-profile ridges that may also be relict reef shorelines. An evolutionary model for the Carnarvon shelf is proposed that relates the formation of drowned fringing reefs and aeolian dunes to Late Quaternary eustatic sea level.  相似文献