A review of low‐cost space‐borne data for flood modelling: topography,flood extent and water level          下载免费PDF全文

Kun Yan  Giuliano Di Baldassarre  Dimitri P. Solomatine  Guy J.‐P. Schumann 《水文研究》2015,29(15):3368-3387

During the last two decades, remote sensing data have led to tremendous progress in advancing flood inundation modelling. In particular, low‐cost space‐borne data can be invaluable for large‐scale flood studies in data‐scarce areas. Various satellite products yield valuable information such as land surface elevation, flood extent and water level, which could potentially contribute to various flood studies. An increasing number of research studies have been dedicated to exploring those low‐cost data towards building, calibration and evaluation, and remote‐sensed information assimilation into hydraulic models. This paper aims at reviewing these recent scientific efforts on the integration of low‐cost space‐borne remote sensing data with flood modelling. Potentials and limitations of those data in flood modelling are discussed. This paper also introduces the future satellite missions and anticipates their likely impacts in flood modelling. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

使用L₀范数代价函数的二维相位快速解缠方法     

石娟  高建  张程宾  费鲜芸 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(1):51-56

针对最小范数解缠方法的代价函数模型以及迭代效率问题，提出一种符合L0范数准则的高效的二维相位全局最优解缠方法。在对最小范数代价函数模型特征进行分析的基础上，给出一种符合L0范数准则的代价函数，满足在相位不连续边界的切方向上相对法方向具有更强的约束作用，保证解缠迭代处理时连续相位按照代价函数的约束条件进行趋近的同时，不连续边界不会被破坏。为了解决线性方程中低频误差收敛慢的问题，根据最小范数方法独立性的特点，采用数据分块处理方法，注重高频信息以提高迭代处理效率，将低频信息处理转移到数据块间偏移量计算中。实验对比分析表明，新解缠方法在可靠性和效率方面都能够达到较好的水平。  相似文献   

浅谈如何在投标阶段控制岩土工程造价     

刘菊 《城市地质》2015,(Z2)

以岩土施工企业的角度论述岩土项目,在投标阶段对工程造价控制的重要性,以及如何在投标阶段通过优化技术设计、优化施工组织设计进行造价控制,通过招标文件及合同条款进行投标报价,并通过将成本控制提前到投标阶段以有效解决施工阶段容易出现的各种问题,提前控制岩土工程工程造价。  相似文献   

电动出租车专用充电场站选址模型研究     

张毅  朱攀 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(5):802-811

近年来随着能源短缺和环境污染问题日益严重,低排放、低噪声、节能环保的电动汽车受到了越来越多的关注。特别在电动出租车领域,我国公共充电设施的规划和建设已迫在眉睫。针对目前电动出租车专用充电站选址研究方面存在的缺少丰富详实的车辆运行数据支撑、未能充分结合出租车的换班特性开展分析和在选址模型构建方面未能充分考虑已建成充电站的影响等不足,本文提出了一种合理可行的电动出租车专用充电场站选址方案,具体流程为：① 基于对出租车GPS数据的统计和分析,利用蒙特卡洛方法提取充电需求;② 对充电站建设的影响因素进行分析,综合考虑了建设成本,出租车等待成本和已建成充电站的影响,建立了充电站的选址模型;③ 利用多种群遗传算法对模型进行求解;④ 利用北京市1.2万辆出租车连续一周的运行轨迹数据提取了充电需求,模拟10万辆电动出租车的充电需求规模对选址模型进行了算例分析。实验结果表明,选址模型能够有效地减少充电站建设投入的成本并缩短出租车平均充电等待时间。  相似文献   

Climate finance: A transaction cost perspective on the structure of state-to-state transfers     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Direct transfers of climate finance from governments of developed countries to governments of developing countries are often perceived as risky due to information asymmetries, the infeasibility of perfect contract enforcement at the international level, and uncertain recipient capacities and respective outcomes. Donor governments usually try to minimize such risks by delegating the provision of climate finance to bilateral and multilateral organizations that implement and monitor projects in recipient countries. Such direct interventions generate an alternative set of transaction costs through the fragmentation of finance flows and proliferation of funding organizations that can put an additional burden on recipient institutions. Moreover, long delegation chains between initial donors and targeted beneficiaries trigger a cascade of principal-agent problems. The benefits of channelling climate finance through the international development cooperation system hence need to be weighed against the opportunity cost of this approach. The potential for such scrutiny is however constrained by a broken feedback loop between donor and recipient constituencies. Only if the extent to which transaction costs accrue and the reasons they do so become better understood, policy makers might be able to address them and chose the most cost-effective channel in each particular case.  相似文献   

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袁丽  李恒  王秋良  陈圆圆  冯静 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(3):23-27

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Multi‐hazard upgrade decision making for critical infrastructure based on life‐cycle cost criteria     

F. Jalayer  D. Asprone  A. Prota  G. Manfredi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(10):1163-1179

The life‐cycle cost can be regarded as a benchmark variable in decision making problems involving the retrofit and upgrading of existing structures. A critical infrastructure is often subjected to more than one hazard during its lifetime. Therefore, the problem of evaluating the life‐cycle cost involves uncertainties in both loading and structural modeling parameters. The present study is a preliminary study aiming to calculate the expected life‐cycle cost for a critical infrastructure subjected to more than one hazard in its service lifetime. A methodology is presented that takes into account both the uncertainty in the occurrence of future events due to different types of hazard and also the deterioration of the structure as a result of a series of events. In order to satisfy life safety conditions, the probability of exceeding the limit state of collapse is constrained to be smaller than an allowable threshold. Finally, the methodology is implemented in an illustrative numerical example which considers a structure subjected to both seismic hazard and blast hazard in both upgraded and non‐upgraded configurations. It is demonstrated how expected life‐cycle cost can be used as a criterion to distinguish between the two choices while satisfying the life safety constraint. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

浅谈工程项目各阶段工程造价实施、控制的方法和措施     

李庆梅 《中国勘察设计》2011,(5):62-65

本文针对建设项目工程造价各个阶段的特点,对相应阶段控制工程造价的方法和措施进行了分析并提出了一些建议,认为工程造价的控制、实施和管理应贯穿工程建设的全过程,对其中的每一个环节都应高度重视,只有这样,才能保证最终造价的合理性、造价管理的系统性。  相似文献   

千岛湖库区地表水地源热泵系统的应用简介     

佟娜娜  何良军  王启善  朱正勇  陆长华  徐红军 《城市地质》2011,6(2):42-44

本文分析了地表水地源热泵在千岛湖库区的适用性,介绍了杭州普天别墅项目地源热泵系统工程实例,并与VRV空调系统＋电热水器的全年运行费用相比较,得出该系统全年运行费用可节省50％以上。  相似文献   

Structural analysis of FAST reflector supporting system     

Y.F. Luo  C.G. Deng  G.Q. Li  Y.M. He 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,278(1-2):231-236

According to the deformation and movement requirements of the FAST reflector, a multi-purpose analysis, including the load-bearing behavior, deformation, construction costs of the reflector supporting structure and its model, is presented in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of steel and aluminum alloy structures are also discussed and compared through detailed design calculations under load-bearing capacity and normal working conditions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献