几种海洋生物体内硒含量的测定   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

毛文君  管华诗 《海洋湖沼通报》1995,(4):28-32

本文用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定几种海洋生物体内的硒含量。本方法的最低检出限为３０ｐｇ，变异系数低于５．９％，回收率９４％－９９％。测定发现；褐藻含硒量比红藻和绿藻低，紫贻贝和海湾扇贝的外套膜中硒含量远远高于肌肉组织。  相似文献   

蚌、鱼养殖模式对水体富营养化控制作用的研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

张根芳  邓闽中  方爱萍 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(3):491-495

为了探索控制水体富营养化的新方法．在5～9月长江中下游地区水体富营养的发展期，通过野外规模性试验，即水体吊养珍珠蚌并搭养少量鱼类，然后定期测定4个主要富营养化指标，观察水生生物种群和数量。结果表明，养蚌育珠并搭养适量鱼类可以使20～40cm的水层形成附着丝状藻类、原生动物、腔肠动物、多孔动物和苔藓动物等多种附着生物，使N，P，COD和BOD5含量分别下降67．3％，73．2％，38．1％和15．5％，起到了明显控制富营养化的作用，同时还能收获珍珠、蚌肉和贝壳等产品。比其他控制方法具有更好的实际应用性。  相似文献   

Quantitative assessment of intertidal blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) stocks: combined methods of remote sensing, field investigation and sampling   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Marc Herlyn 《Journal of Sea Research》2005,53(4):243-253

The aim of this investigation was to develop appropriate methods for quantitative assessment of blue mussel beds. Combined methods of remote sensing, ground truth investigation and sampling in the field were applied to mature and young intertidal mussel beds. Three variables were measured to obtain reliable quantitative estimates of biomass and abundance: the total area covered by a bed; the cover, i.e. the area of mussel-covered patches in relation to the total mussel bed area; and the proportion, i.e. the area covered by mussels within the patches in relation to the total area of mussel patches. Cover and proportion of intertidal blue mussel beds were measured in the field by the transection method. Aerial photographs enabled the total area of the beds to be determined and large-scale surveys of mussel beds to be carried out synchronously. By examining large-scale aerial photographs it was possible also to determine the cover by remote sensing. The proportion could not be derived from aerial photographs, even from pictures at the largest scale tested during this investigation (scale 1:2500). By statistical methods it was estimated that 12 sub-samples (each covering 177 cm²) from mature beds, and 12 sub-samples (each covering 38 cm²) from young beds are needed to obtain reliable data on biomass and abundance.  相似文献   

贻贝外套膜富硒液的研究     

毛文君  管华诗  李八方 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(Z1)

提出以贻贝的外套膜为主要原料，通过多种酶水解及其它工艺处理，研制出贻贝外套膜富硒液。分析表明，提取液富含天然有机硒、锌、铁、铜、锰微量元素及丰富的维吐素Ａ、维生素Ｅ、必需氨基酸等多种天然营养物质。  相似文献   

Accumulation and depuration of pectenotoxins in brown crab Cancer pagurus     

LI Zhaoxin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(2)

Pectenotoxins (PTXs) are a group of marine algal toxins. In this study, the accumulation and depuration of pectenotoxins in brown crab Cancer pagurus were investigated. Crabs were fed with toxic blue mussels Mytilus edulis for 21 days and then depurated for 42 days. Toxins were extracted with methanol from the digestive glands of contaminated crabs, uncontaminated crabs (control group) and from blue mussels for comparison. Extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The concentrations of PTX-2, PTX-2 SA, 7-epi-PTX-2 SA, and PTX-12 were analyzed in two batches of toxic blue mussels and the crabs. A one-compartment model was applied to describe the depuration of PTXs. The half-life of PTXs was estimated to be 6-7.5 days. After depuration for 42 days, the amount of PTXs measured in the crab digestive glands was less than 1 μg/kg.  相似文献   

A CASE STUDY OF A FRESHWATER PEARL MUSSEL (MARGARITIFERA MARGARITIFERA) POPULATION IN CENTRAL SWEDEN     

DAVID ENGLUND  ANNA BRUNBERG  GUNNAR JACKS 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2008,90(4):251-258

Most of the Margaritifera margaritifera populations in Sweden are not reproducing. Land use such as forestry, eutrophication and water regulation for hydropower are commonly reported causes for the absence of reproduction. A brook with a very dense population of pearl mussels has been investigated with regard to the age distribution of the population and their habitat, in order to discover the reason for the absence of reproduction. The population consisted almost entirely of old mussels with very few young ones. The water flow and chemistry of the water are very stable and well buffered, due to a large glacifluvial deposit in the catchment area. The substrate in the stream is favourable and well aerated to a depth of at least 15 cm. Forestry has been practised with care for at least the last 15 years to avoid siltation of the stream sediments. The most likely reason for the lack of reproduction seems to be the water regulation of the main stream introduced 60 years ago, which has left the main stream dry seasonally. This is likely to have affected the population of brown trout which is the host for the first life‐stage of the mussels, the glochidia.  相似文献   

Influence of stock origin and environmental conditions on the survival and growth of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) in a cross-exposure experiment     

《Limnologica》2015

The freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) is a highly specialized and sensitive freshwater bivalve, whose survival in the juvenile phase is indicative of high quality habitats. This contribution investigates the use of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels as bioindicators, considering the influence of mussel stock and study stream conditions on juvenile performance, as described by survival and growth rates. A standardized cross experiment was carried out investigating juvenile performance in four different pearl mussel stocks originating from the Rhine, Danube and Elbe drainages, representing distinct genetic conservation units. The juveniles were exposed in five study streams which were selected to integrate pearl mussel streams with different water qualities and recruitment status of the mussel population. Per study stream, five standard mesh cages containing an equal number of 20 (10 × 2) juvenile pearl mussels per stock in separate chambers were installed. Survival and growth rates of juveniles were checked after three months (i.e. before their first winter) and after nine months (i.e. after their first winter). Mussel stock and study stream conditions significantly influenced juvenile performance. Growth rates were determined by study stream conditions and increased with stream water temperature, organic carbon and C/N ratios. Survival rates varied stock-specifically, indicating different levels of local adaptation to their native streams. Due to the detection of stream-specific differences in juvenile performance, freshwater pearl mussels appear suitable as bioindicators. However, a careful consideration of stock-specificity is necessary to avoid false interpretation of bioindication results. The comparison of stock-specific survival in native versus non-native streams implicates that exposure of juveniles outside their native habitats is able to increase breeding success or else serve for risk spreading in breeding programs.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination and recovery characteristics in some organisms after the Nakhodka oil spill     

Koyama J  Uno S  Kohno K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1054-1061

Following the oil spill from the Russian tanker Nakhodka in 1997 in the Sea of Japan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were monitored for three years in some molluscs from the Mikuni-cho shore in Japan. Total PAH concentrations in marine organisms except for spiny top shell, ranged from 5.3 to 32.7 ng/g wet weight, but no trends were evident. Total PAH concentration in spiny top shell (Turbo cornutus) was 44 ng/g w.w. in the first month after the oil spill. However, it rapidly decreased to less than 5.4 ng/g w.w. from the second month. Spiny top shell, which was exposed to dietary Nakhodka heavy fuel oil, concentrated benzo(a)pyrene to 17.1 ng/g w.w. after two weeks of exposure and then rapidly eliminated it during an elimination phase. These results suggest that spiny top shell accumulates PAHs because of their low ability to metabolize PAH, but it can excrete parent PAHs rapidly when removed from the source of contamination. Thus it is suitable as an indicator organism in monitoring oil contamination. It can also be inferred from these field and laboratory investigations that, in three years, organisms from the Mikuni-cho shore seem to have adequately recovered from the Nakhodka oil spill contamination.  相似文献   

嵊泗列岛海域三种贻贝贝体框架特征的差异   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

白晓倩  杨阳  邹李昶  任夙艺  刘达博  刘祖毅  王志铮 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(5):1078-1084

以壳长SL、壳宽SW、壳高SH(BD)、OA(壳顶至韧带末端的直线距离)、OB(壳顶至壳背面最高点的直线距离)、OC(壳顶至壳后端最远点的直线距离)、OD(壳顶至壳高性状在腹缘的落点的直线距离)、AB(韧带末端至壳背缘最高点的直线距离)、BC(壳背缘最高点至壳后端最远点的直线距离)、CD(壳后端最远点至壳高性状在腹缘的落点的直线距离)为贝体框架变量,采用多元分析方法系统比较了嵊泗列岛海域厚壳贻贝、紫贻贝和"杂交贻贝"贝体框架特征的差异,结果表明:(1)在所涉9项贝体框架特征指标中,紫贻贝与厚壳贻贝间无显著差异的指标仅为L5(OC/SL)和L7(AB/SL)(P0.05),而"杂交贻贝"各项指标则均与厚壳贻贝和紫贻贝具显著差异(P0.05),厚壳贻贝和紫贻贝变异系数大于10%的指标均仅为L7(AB/SL),而"杂交贻贝"则仅为L3(OA/SL);(2)厚壳贻贝与紫贻贝间的欧氏距离最短(P0.05),仅为0.160;厚壳贻贝与"杂交贻贝"间和紫贻贝与"杂交贻贝"间的欧氏距离相近(P0.05),分别为0.452和0.418;(3)经主成分分析,提取到的3个特征值均大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达82.928%,其中第一主成分、第二主成分、第三主成分可依次归为与滤食功能区水平剖面占比相关的贝体框架因子,与消化功能区水平剖面占比相关的贝体框架因子,和与消化功能区垂直剖面占比相关的贝体框架因子,通过第一主成分仅能较清晰地区分厚壳贻贝和"杂交贻贝";(4)采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的L1(SW/SL)、L3(OA/SL)、L4(OB/SL)、L5(OC/SL)、L6(OD/SL)和L7(AB/SL)为自变量,所建Fisher分类函数方程组可较清晰区分厚壳贻贝、紫贻贝和"杂交贻贝",三者的判别准确率依次为94.6%、94.6%和100%,综合判别准确率为96.4%。  相似文献   

贻贝粘性蛋白组成、作用机理与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

朱曜曜  丁海兵  孙承君 《海洋科学进展》2014,32(4)

从贻贝足丝的结构和组成特征开始,全面总结了到目前为止所发现的贻贝足丝内部和表面层的结构特点以及相关重要组成蛋白的种类和理化特性,着重讨论了在贻贝足丝粘附中起重要作用的足丝斑块部分的粘性蛋白组成、结构、分布特征以及相互作用。同时,也讨论了贻贝粘附机理以及DOPA(3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸)在实践中的重要应用,探讨了DOPA的作用及其衍生物在粘胶剂、密封剂、涂料、生物防污等领域,特别是生物医学中的应用和前景。  相似文献