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1.
几种海洋生物体内硒含量的测定 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定几种海洋生物体内的硒含量。本方法的最低检出限为３０ｐｇ，变异系数低于５．９％，回收率９４％－９９％。测定发现；褐藻含硒量比红藻和绿藻低，紫贻贝和海湾扇贝的外套膜中硒含量远远高于肌肉组织。 相似文献
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海洋酸化是当前全球面临的最为紧迫的环境问题之一,已显现出对海洋生物的严重影响。贻贝是我国重要的经济贝类之一,但目前尚缺乏海洋酸化背景下厚壳贻贝的分子响应相关研究。为此,对厚壳贻贝外套膜组织开展了急性酸化条件下的代谢组学分析,以期了解厚壳贻贝在酸化条件下,其外套膜组织的代谢物组成和含量变化。采用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱技术,结合代谢物数据库搜索和鉴定,从厚壳贻贝外套膜中鉴定代谢物总计7882种。与对照组相比,酸化处理后的厚壳贻贝外套膜组织中共有497种代谢物含量发生显著变化(P<0.05),其中,320种差异代谢物显著上调,177种显著下调。差异代谢物富集的代谢通路主要包括脂代谢、信号转导、维生素代谢、核酸代谢、氨基酸代谢以及ABC转运体。结合外套膜游离氨基酸组成分析以及抗氧化活性分析,推测厚壳贻贝通过激活尿素合成、增强细胞膜流动性以及加强渗透压调节和钙离子转运等方式来应对海洋酸化的威胁。上述研究为深入了解贻贝应对海洋酸化的分子策略,以及在海洋酸化大背景下的贻贝健康养殖奠定了基础。 相似文献
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几种海洋生物中硒存在形式初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用不同提取分离方法，分析几种海洋生物中硒的存在形式。结果表明，贻贝、扇贝及海藻中硒有相似的分布特点，大部分硒是以蛋白质和氨基酸形式存在。 相似文献
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贻贝提取物对荷瘤鼠抗氧化功能的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
贻贝提取物是以贻贝为原料经提取分离、纯化、浓缩干燥后得到的富硒提取物。有关贻贝富硒提取物的研究国内外尚未见报道。经作者初步研究发现,贻贝提取物能很好地被机体吸收利用,大大提高机体硒水平和抗氧化酶活性［１］。本研究通过对荷瘤鼠以每天一定剂量的贻贝提取物灌胃,观察贻贝提取物对正常荷瘤小鼠组织抗氧化物酶活性及脂质过氧化物含量的影响,以期探讨其抗氧化与抗肿瘤之间的关系。１ 材料与方法１．１主要材料与试剂１．１．１ 贻贝提取物（ＭＥ）鲜贻贝用匀浆机匀浆,然后经提取、酶解、过滤、沉淀、透析、纯化、浓缩、干燥… 相似文献
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1 市场状况 翡翠贻贝是珍贵的海产品之一,主要产于广东和福建,其肉质鲜美,含有丰富的蛋白质、牛磺酸、维生素和人体必需的锰、锌、硒、碘等多种微量元素。据《本草纲目》记载,贻贝肉具有可治虚劳伤惫、精血衰少、吐血久痢、肠鸣腰痛等药用价值。目前,广东的翡翠贻贝资源丰富,产量高,价格较低,但翡翠贻贝的深 相似文献
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饥饿胁迫引起的肥满度下降及收割延迟是导致贻贝养殖产量下降的主要原因之一。探究白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,RES)对饥饿条件下贻贝抗氧化能力的影响,揭示贻贝对饥饿胁迫的响应机制,对指导贻贝健康养殖具有重要意义。在饥饿胁迫条件下,分别采用10、20、50、100μmol/LRES处理厚壳贻贝,9d后采集贻贝组织样品并进行氧化应激指标检测。结果表明,饥饿胁迫显著增加厚壳贻贝组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时显著降低过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。RES处理后,厚壳贻贝组织中MDA含量显著降低,但随着RES浓度的增加显著升高;性腺和鳃中CAT、SOD、GSH-PX、AKP、ACP活性和GSH水平、后闭壳肌中CAT、AKP活性和GSH水平以及外套膜中CAT、SOD、GSH-PX、ACP活性和GSH水平均随着RES处理浓度的增加先升高后降低。此外,10或20μmol/LRES处理能显著减轻饥饿胁迫引起的贻贝性腺中滤泡降解、配子退化及鳃丝纤毛脱落及结构受损;且各组贻贝后闭壳肌和外套膜组织形态学无明显变化。研究结果表明饥饿胁迫能显著抑制厚壳贻贝的抗氧化能力,但10或20μmol/LRES处理可减轻饥饿胁迫诱导的脂质过氧化和组织氧化应激损伤,且厚壳贻贝对饥饿胁迫诱导的氧化应激损伤表现出一定的组织差异性。 相似文献
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1 材料和方法1.1 主要材料1.1.1 贻贝、牡蛎 购自青岛市南山农贸市场。1.1.2 实验动物 年幼雄性大鼠40只,体重约60g。1.2 方法1.2.1 原料预处理 用刀具将贻贝、牡蛎剖开,分离贝壳和软体部分,再将软体部分洗去泥沙,于60℃烘干,磨碎过80目筛,密封备用。1.2.2 动物实验 将40只雄性鼠分为基础饲料、亚硒酸钠、贻贝、牡蛎4组,每组10只,分别饲基础饲料(含硒0.02×10-6),基础饲料加亚硒酸钠(含硒2.541×10-6),基础饲料加贻贝(含硒2.564×10-6),基础饲料加牡蛎(含硒2.325×10-6),实验期间大鼠自由摄食和饮蒸馏水,共8周。在实验4周后,测每… 相似文献
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几丁质是贝类贝壳的重要组成成分,在贝壳形成和生物矿化中具有重要作用。本研究通过对厚壳贻贝的贝壳和外套膜边缘三层褶皱进行形态和组织学观察,发现贻贝角质层壳膜是从外褶皱和中褶皱之间的壳膜沟中分泌,而外套膜三层褶皱间组织形态、细胞类型都存在较大差异。此外,本研究还从厚壳贻贝的角质层和贝壳层中提取并鉴定到β-几丁质成分,并构建了外套膜内褶皱（IF）、中褶皱（MF）、外褶皱（OF）的转录组文库,筛查出几丁质合成、降解、结合相关功能的三类几丁质相关基因,对其结构域和表达模式进行进一步分析,发现几丁质合成酶基因以及β氨基己糖苷酶、二-N-乙酰壳二糖酶等几丁质酶基因主要在内、中褶皱表达,而壳三糖苷酶类的几丁质酶基因和几丁质结合蛋白基因则主要在外褶皱表达。在三褶皱差异表达基因的GO富集分析中,进一步发现内、中褶皱主要参与几丁质的生物合成,而外褶皱则主要参与调控几丁质结合、代谢、角质层色素沉着等过程。本研究揭示了外套膜三褶皱在几丁质合成、代谢、结合等功能方面的差异,其中外褶皱可能在厚壳贻贝的贝壳角质层的形成和色素沉着中发挥更重要的作用。本研究有助于了解贻贝贝壳中的几丁质成分以及几丁质相关基因,为软体动物贝... 相似文献
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富硒螺旋藻的抑癌及抗辐射作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
螺旋藻(Spirulina)作为人类天然食品和药品资源具有较大的开发利用价值[1]。微量元素硒(Se)在体内的功能形式主要为30余种硒蛋白(selenoprotein),特别是十几种硒酶(selenoenzyme)[2,3],如谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxdiase,GPx)家族、脱碘酶(Iodothyronine deiodinases,ID)家族、硫氧还蛋白还原酶家族(Thioredoxin reductases,TDR)等,它们参与机体重要的生命代谢活动。富硒螺旋藻中有机硒含量高,并从中分离纯化到多种含硒活性物质如含硒藻蓝蛋白、硒多糖等[4]。进一步研究发现,硒的掺入可增强藻蓝蛋白及多糖等天然活性物质的… 相似文献
11.
Although the Danish Wadden Sea is of international importance for several bird species, large-scale blue mussel Mytilus edulis fishing took place from 1984–1987, ceasing thereafter due to low mussel stocks. Mussel fishing removes much of the blue mussel biomass, especially larger individuals. Hence we predict that intensive mussel fishing will affect their predators, such as the Eider Somateria mollissima, which is predominantly a blue mussel feeder by, 1) reducing the amount of blue mussels in their diet relative to alternative prey items, 2) exploitation of smaller blue mussel shell classes, 3) loss of body condition, 4) changing feeding distribution to aggregate to the remaining mussel stocks, and 5) decreasing numbers. Before winter 1986/87 blue mussel biomass was estimated at 40,600 tons, decreasing to 15,400 tons in 1987/88 due to mussel fishery. We collected Eiders in both periods to monitor their diet and body mass and used aerial surveys to determine changes in numbers and distribution. Between the two periods, blue mussels declined in the Eiders diet, numbers of Eiders with empty stomachs increased and the mean length of blue mussel taken by Eiders decreased. Eider body condition declined from 1986/87 to 1987/88, mostly the result of the reduction in numbers of individuals with blue mussel remains in their gizzards and in better body condition compared to those taking alternative food items or having empty gizzards. Eiders shifted their distribution from the southern part of the Danish Wadden Sea to the northern part, where the remaining blue mussel stocks were situated. Eider numbers were lowest in 1987/88, the year of lowest blue mussel stocks. We conclude that intensive mussel fishery affected the Eider's diet, reduced their body condition and affected distribution and abundance. The results also showed that availability of blue mussels may have a key role in building up and maintaining body condition in Eiders during winter. 相似文献
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以筛选的2个可鉴别的地中海贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）、厚壳贻贝（M.coruscus）及其杂交后代的PCR标记（扩增核基因Glu-5’特异片段PCR标记Me14/Me17和延伸因子1α第一个内含子区段PCR标记引物EFbisF/EFbisR）,对舟山海域3个贻贝主产区（马鞍列岛海域、浪岗山列岛海域、中街山列岛海域）采集的贻贝样本的种类进行鉴别.研究结果显示：100个马鞍列岛海域贻贝个体和30个中街山列岛海域贻贝个体均为厚壳贻贝;而54个浪岗山列岛海域贻贝样本中,16个个体（29.6%）为厚壳贻贝,38个个体（70.4%）为地中海贻贝;3个群体中均未检测到2种贻贝的杂交个体.因此,推测舟山海域地中海贻贝自然分布仅局限于局部海区,但在适宜的海区地中海贻贝可取代厚壳贻贝成为贻贝床的优势物种,舟山海域贻贝床的动态变化值得进一步关注;贻贝样本中没有检测到地中海贻贝与厚壳贻贝的杂交个体,表明调查海域可能没有杂交贻贝分布或数量极少,地中海贻贝通过杂交、基因渐渗污染厚壳贻贝基因组的风险较小. 相似文献
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Marc Herlyn 《Journal of Sea Research》2005,53(4):243-253
The aim of this investigation was to develop appropriate methods for quantitative assessment of blue mussel beds. Combined methods of remote sensing, ground truth investigation and sampling in the field were applied to mature and young intertidal mussel beds. Three variables were measured to obtain reliable quantitative estimates of biomass and abundance: the total area covered by a bed; the cover, i.e. the area of mussel-covered patches in relation to the total mussel bed area; and the proportion, i.e. the area covered by mussels within the patches in relation to the total area of mussel patches. Cover and proportion of intertidal blue mussel beds were measured in the field by the transection method. Aerial photographs enabled the total area of the beds to be determined and large-scale surveys of mussel beds to be carried out synchronously. By examining large-scale aerial photographs it was possible also to determine the cover by remote sensing. The proportion could not be derived from aerial photographs, even from pictures at the largest scale tested during this investigation (scale 1:2500). By statistical methods it was estimated that 12 sub-samples (each covering 177 cm2) from mature beds, and 12 sub-samples (each covering 38 cm2) from young beds are needed to obtain reliable data on biomass and abundance. 相似文献
15.
Birds, seals and the suspension culture of mussels in Bantry Bay, a non-seaduck area in Southwest Ireland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Concerns about the environmental impacts of mariculture have grown in recent years in response to the rapid expansion of the industry. The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) is the main product of shellfish mariculture in the Northeast Atlantic and Baltic Sea, with approximately one third of the harvest cultured using suspended longlines within sheltered marine areas. The main aim of this study was to examine the interactions, and assess the impacts (if any) of mussel suspension culture on the seabird and seal community, employing a simultaneous study of culture and control sites. The study spanned a 20-month period (from November 2001 to August 2003) and encompassed six sites in Bantry Bay (Southwest Ireland).There was no significant difference in species richness between mussel and control sites. Similarly, species diversity did not significantly differ between the mussel and control sites although control sites were generally more diverse than mussel sites, the latter particularly dominated by large numbers of Laridae.Significantly higher numbers of Phalacrocoracidae, Laridae and Alcidae were recorded in mussel sites than in control sites. However, no significant difference was found between Gaviidae or common seal (Phoca vitulina) numbers in mussel and control sites. Seasonal patterns of abundance were similar in mussel and control sites, with peak numbers of most species groups occurring in spring.Mussel suspension culture does not appear to have an adverse effect on the abundance of seabirds or common seals in this area. The safe perching platforms provided by suspension culture floats, combined with a number of other factors, contribute to an increased abundance of a number of seabird species, particularly Laridae. The possible interactions between vertebrate predators and mussel suspension aquaculture are discussed and possible explanations for the increased seabird abundance observed in these areas are offered. 相似文献
16.
研究了对虾产量和各种饵料投饵量的关系,采用联列方程求得各种饵料的投饵系数:花生饼及豆饼4.68,配合饵料4.34,虾糠6.00;鲜杂鱼虾10.27,卤虫15.50,蓝蛤27.55;肌蛤28.55,菲律宾蛤35.00,贻贝40.00,其它7.02。 相似文献
17.
R. Rosland
. Strand M. Alunno-Bruscia C. Bacher T. Strohmeier 《Journal of Sea Research》2009,62(2-3):49
A Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model for simulation of growth and bioenergetics of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) has been tested in three low seston sites in southern Norway. The observations comprise four datasets from laboratory experiments (physiological and biometrical mussel data) and three datasets from in situ growth experiments (biometrical mussel data). Additional in situ data from commercial farms in southern Norway were used for estimation of biometrical relationships in the mussels. Three DEB parameters (shape coefficient, half saturation coefficient, and somatic maintenance rate coefficient) were estimated from experimental data, and the estimated parameters were complemented with parameter values from literature to establish a basic parameter set. Model simulations based on the basic parameter set and site specific environmental forcing matched fairly well with observations, but the model was not successful in simulating growth at the extreme low seston regimes in the laboratory experiments in which the long period of negative growth caused negative reproductive mass. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the model was moderately sensitive to changes in the parameter and initial conditions. The results show the robust properties of the DEB model as it manages to simulate mussel growth in several independent datasets from a common basic parameter set. However, the results also demonstrate limitations of Chl a as a food proxy for blue mussels and limitations of the DEB model to simulate long term starvation. Future work should aim at establishing better food proxies and improving the model formulations of the processes involved in food ingestion and assimilation. The current DEB model should also be elaborated to allow shrinking in the structural tissue in order to produce more realistic growth simulations during long periods of starvation. 相似文献
18.
The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea with a steady salinity gradient (3‰–30‰). Organisms have adapted to such low salinities, but are suspected to be more susceptible to stress. Within the frame of the integrated environmental monitoring BONUS + project “BEAST” the applicability of immune responses of the blue mussel was investigated in Danish coastal waters. The sampling sites were characterised by a salinity range (11–19‰) and different mixtures of contaminants (metals, PAHs and POPs), according to chemical analysis of mussel tissues. Variation partitioning (redundancy analysis) was applied to decompose salinity and contamination effects. The results indicated that cellular immune responses (total and differential haemocyte count, phagocytic activity and apoptosis) were mainly influenced by contaminants, whereas humoral factors (haemolytic activity) were mainly impacted by salinity. Hence, cellular immune functions may be suitable as biomarkers in monitoring programmes for the Baltic Sea and other geographic regions with salinity variances of the studied range. 相似文献
19.
Measurements of chemical contaminants in caged (transplanted) and resident mussel populations have become a routine tool for monitoring and assessing the status and trends of coastal water quality. However, few long-term data sets are available to assess the comparability and efficacy of these two monitoring approaches. Three long-term independent data sets exist for Boston Harbor: the National Mussel Watch program has analyzed resident blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the Boston Harbor/Massachusetts Bay region for over twenty years, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority has annually deployed caged (transplanted) mussels (M. edulis) to assess bioaccumulation potential of sewage effluent discharged under its NPDES permit for over fourteen years, and the GulfWatch program has analyzed resident blue mussel populations for over twelve years. Together, these data provide consistent and comparable information on temporal and spatial changes in chemical contamination in Boston Harbor as steps were taken to reduce contaminant loading. The data also demonstrate the complementary nature of resident and caged (transplanted) mussels for assessing contaminant trends even when the basic approaches and sampling frequency differ. These fifteen-year data sets demonstrate contaminant concentrations in mussels from Boston Harbor are similar and with few exceptions have significantly decreased since the early 1990s. The observed trends also demonstrate broad scale improvements to the quality of Boston Harbor and expand understanding of the response of coastal systems to interventions that reduce the load of chemicals to the ocean. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Sea Research》1999,41(3):189-201
Abundance of larvae and primary plantigrades in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. was studied quantitatively in the western part of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Observations were made in seven years between 1981 and 1996. In general, a first large peak of larvae appeared in May, followed by one or more much smaller peaks until September. For pelagic larvae an approximate life time of four to six weeks was calculated (on average about five weeks). Pelagic larvae appeared to have a relatively higher survival chance at low larval concentrations than at high concentrations. No relation could be demonstrated between time of larval peaks and spring tides. Year-to-year differences in abundance of plantigrades did not predict mussel recruitment success on nearby tidal flats. 相似文献