Recent Occurrences of Dinophysis fortii (Dinophyceae) in the Okkirai Bay, Sanriku, Northern Japan, and Related Environmental Factors     

Kazuhiko Koike  Hirotaka Otobe  Minoru Takagi  Tadahisa Yoshida  Takehiko Ogata  Takashi Ishimaru 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(2):165-175

Occurrence of Dinophysis fortii, a causative organism of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, in the Okkirai Bay, Sanriku was surveyed in 1995, 1996, 1998 and 1999. In each year, its major occurrence was detected from the late May or early June and continued until the late June or early July. Seawater temperature, salinity and nutrients measurements suggested that inflows of offshore water into the bay played key role on the first major occurrence of D. fortii. With an analysis of continuous temperature data in the Otsuchi Bay which locates north of the Okkirai Bay, this influent was considered to be intermittent inflow of the offshore water by internal tidal waves which propagated from north to south. First occurrence peak of D. fortii was synchronous with phycobilin containing microalgae, synechococcoid cyanobacteria and cryptomonad, in all years. In vivo fluorescence measurement of D. fortii cells in 1995 and 96 showed that the cells in these microalgal-rich water contained more phycobilin pigment than those in the microalgal-poor water. The result may support a hypothesis that D. fortii acquires phycobilin by an uptake of these microalgae. After the first major occurrence in the bay, D. fortii sometimes occurred in rather inshore waters where showed elevated ammonium level possibly due to increased heterotrophic activity. Together with another finding that D. fortii is mixotrophic, it could be assumed that the environment being suited to heterotrophic nutrition also stimulates D. fortii growth in the bay.  相似文献   

The Cawthron Institute Culture Collection of Micro-algae: a significant national collection     

L Rhodes  KF Smith  L MacKenzie  SA Wood  K Ponikla  DT Harwood 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2016,50(2):291-316

The Cawthron Institute Culture Collection of Micro-algae (CICCM) is a unique, nationally and internationally significant collection of 450 strains of approximately 100 micro-algae and 50 cyanobacteria species, both living and cryopreserved. The collection comprises 13 taxonomic classes and underpins research into the ecology and taxonomy of the isolates and the biotoxins they produce and their toxicity. The CICCM expanded significantly in the 1990s after a major harmful algae bloom event in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Since 2000, it has underpinned development of molecular detection tools and enabled development of new chemical testing methods for biotoxins in seafood. The tropical collection allows research into potential issues for New Zealand as the oceans warm, for example, the risks of ciguatera fish poisoning and palytoxins in seafood. Research results generated from isolates in the cyanobacterial collection have assisted national risk management regarding drinking water and informed the development of the New Zealand guidelines for managing cyanobacteria in recreational fresh waters. The actual living and cryopreserved micro-algae and cyanobacteria collection (without infrastructure) has a current estimated value of NZ$1.6 million.  相似文献   

A quantitative approach to sedimentary surface structures contoured by the interplay of microbial colonization and physical dynamics   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Nora Noffke  & Wolfgang E. Krumbein 《Sedimentology》1999,46(3):417-426

In the tidal flats of Mellum Island (southern North Sea), biofilms and microbial mats, generated largely by cyanobacteria, colonize the sedimentary surfaces. Biostabilization effects and biomass enrichment influence erosional and depositional dynamics resulting from tidal flushing and storm surges. The overlapping of both biological and physical forces causes the development of characteristic sedimentary structures. To obtain a quantitative expression of the degree of effectiveness of microbial colonization in the formation of structures in an extended tidal area, a modification index (MOD-I) was developed based on the following values: (i) the proportion of mat-covered area related to a defined investigation area (I_A); (ii) the degree of steepness of slope angles of raised erosional remnants (I_S); and (iii) the degree of microbial levelling of a rippled sedimentary surface (I_N). The MOD-I was calculated for several defined regions within the study area, and both winter and summer situations were considered. The MOD-I values show, first, that the lower intertidal zone is characterized by index values approaching zero. This implies that microbially induced effects in this zone are negligible, even in summer. Second, the upper intertidal zone is characterized by lower index values in winter and relatively high values in summer. This implies a predominantly seasonal control on the biofilm development in this zone. Third, in the lower supratidal zone, the index values are almost identical during both winter and summer. This implies non-seasonal biological effects in this zone. Concomitant empirical studies on the composition of microbial mats and films suggest that the dominant microbial type influences the MOD-I value.  相似文献   

Early period of early Permian tubular cyanobacteria reef in the eastern part of south Qinling Mountains   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GONG Enpu  FAN Jiasong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(4):347-355

A typical reef occurs in the eastern part of south Qinling Mountains in Sanlixia, Xunyang, Shaanxi Province. The reef, extending in north-south direction, was built up by various kinds of calcareous tubes including Girvanella, tubular cyanobacteria and problem microbials. The bioclastic bank, built up by algal clasts, foraminiferous, and fusulinids, formed the reef basement, on which dasyclads baffle bioclasts formed the original bafflestone at a small scale on the reef basement, and then a mass of bindstone was made up by all kinds of calcareous tubes and algae. On lateral part the reef is cryptalgal mudstone. The reef that occurred in the geosynclinal area is so familiar with one of the platforms in many respects, such as in reef structure, morphology and building mold. This indicates that building organisms have amazing adaptability and identity for building capacity in the two kinds of geotectonic background mentioned above.  相似文献   

The role of endolithic cyanobacteria in the formation of lithified laminae in Bahamian stromatolites   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Ian G. Macintyre  Leslie Prufert-Bebout  & R. Pamela Reid 《Sedimentology》2000,47(5):915-921

The microboring activity of endolithic cyanobacteria plays a major role in the formation of the dominant lithified laminae in modern marine stromatolites in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas. These stromatolites are composed primarily of fine-grained carbonate sand that is trapped and bound by the filamentous cyanobacteria Schizothrix sp.. Periodic introduction of coccoid endolithic cyanobacteria Solentia sp. during hiatuses in stromatolite growth associated with very low rates of sedimentation results in the formation of lithified horizons, 200–1000 μm thick. These layers consist of micritized grains that are welded together at point contacts. The micritization is caused by extensive microboring and carbonate precipitation within boreholes concurrent with endolithic activity. Grain welding occurs when boreholes cross from one grain to another at point contacts. Thus, microboring destroys original grain textures but, at the same time, plays a constructional role in stromatolite growth by forming lithified layers of welded grains. These lateral bands of fused carbonate grains help to stabilize and preserve the stromatolite deposits.  相似文献   

基于生态模型的太湖蓝藻生长因子解析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊文  钱新  叶瑞  王炳权 《湖泊科学》2012,24(5):698-704

基于生态模型对2009年4月-2010年11月太湖监测数据进行逐月解析,结果显示太湖蓝藻生长率在时间与空间上都表现出显著的差异性,1-4月及10-12月蓝藻生长率表现为低水平,6-9月为高水平,5月年际差异较大,湖西岸相对于湖中区蓝藻生长率优势较明显,水面至水深1 m之间为蓝藻生长活跃区域.蓝藻的生长与消亡主要受水温、光照、磷三种影响因子控制,这三种因子表现出较明显的季节性特点,并且对蓝藻生长率的影响具有相互交替作用的动态变化特征,其中水面附近为温度及磷限制,水深0.5 m处为温度、磷及光限制交替作用,水深1 m及以下为光限制.计算结果表明在研究时段内营养盐总体表现为磷限制,夏秋季局部水域也存在氮限制.  相似文献   

湖泊底泥中微囊藻DNA的分子检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐瑶  李仁辉  王国祥  余博识  杨文斌 《湖泊科学》2007,19(4):492-496

通过改进裂解温度和延长裂解时间并增加苯酚/氯仿洗脱次数的DNA提取方法获得南京玄武湖底泥中的DNA,通过PCR法来扩增微囊藻的16SrRNA基因.结果表明在所有采样点中均得到微囊藻基因组DNA,并且纯度较高,OD260/OD280均高于1.54,最高值达到1.89.PCR的扩增结果显示所有样点的DNA都得到212 bp大小的微囊藻16SrRNA基因片断,表明这种方法可以有效的从底泥中提取微囊藻的DNA,从而为研究底泥微囊藻生理生态及其越冬、上浮、形成水华的机理提供更有利的方法.  相似文献   

巢湖蓝藻聚集对重金属迁移释放的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

江江  李玉成  王宁  张学胜 《湖泊科学》2017,29(3):558-566

以巢湖蓝藻水华聚集地西半湖表层沉积物与蓝藻为对象,研究了表层沉积物重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni和Mn)总量的分布特征.同时,利用BCR连续提取法对沉积物中重金属Cd和Mn的形态进行分析,模拟探究蓝藻腐殖化过程中重金属含量的变化,探讨了蓝藻腐殖化对重金属吸附-释放的影响.结果表明,各采样点表层沉积物重金属含量均不同程度超出背景值,且距离南淝河越近越突出.潜在迁移指数表明整个西半湖沉积物中重金属Cd比Mn更易形成二次污染.相关性分析显示重金属Cd和Mn各形态含量和总量之间均表现出极显著正相关.巢湖西半湖属于典型的藻型湖,Cd和Mn的来源和分布均与蓝藻聚集密切相关,结合实验室模拟蓝藻腐殖化过程对重金属的吸附-释放规律,认为蓝藻腐殖化过程会对Cd和Mn的迁移释放产生影响.  相似文献   

较高的代表性排放路径等级能提高噬藻体的感染力     

尚时雨  程凯 《湖泊科学》2023,35(4):1212-1221

由于大气二氧化碳浓度升高和升温对噬藻体的感染力存在复杂的联合作用,本文在以下代表性排放路径（RCP）所对应的大气二氧化碳浓度和温度同步升高的条件下对席藻进行了10个月的培养：（1） 25℃+400 ppm(CK组),（2）27.4℃+538 ppm(RCP4.5),(3)28.0℃+670 ppm(RCP6.0),(4)29.8℃+936 ppm(RCP8.5),测定了席藻的生长曲线和噬藻体PP裂解席藻的感染力指标（包括吸附率、潜伏期、裂解周期、裂解率、释放量及席藻对紫外损伤噬藻体的光修复率）。结果表明,RCP4.5的影响不明显,随着RCP等级的进一步提高,席藻生长加速,噬藻体PP的潜伏期和裂解周期缩短、裂解率和释放量增加。特别是,RCP8.5比RCP6.0条件下的裂解周期更短、释放量更大。此外,各RCP等级下的吸附率没有显著差异,而光修复率却在RCP8.5条件下显著提高。结果说明,当大气二氧化碳浓度和温度的同步升高超过RCP4.5后,席藻的生长和噬藻体PP的感染力总体上均会增加,且不同指标的响应是不同步的,预示着：伴随全球气候变化的加剧,宿主藻生长的加速和藻类病毒感染力的增强是不同步...  相似文献   

水生生态系统蓝藻固氮作用研究进展与展望   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

叶琳琳  张民  孔繁翔  阳振  史小丽  闫德智  刘波 《湖泊科学》2014,26(1):9-18

固氮蓝藻在水生生态系统中占优势是由多种因素所引起的,如营养盐浓度及形态、氮磷比、水温和微量元素等.一般认为,湖泊中正磷酸盐浓度≥0.01 mg/L、溶解性无机氮浓度≤0.1 mg/L时,固氮蓝藻出现,并且低的氮磷比是表征水体中固氮蓝藻出现的重要指标,但引起固氮与非固氮蓝藻分异的驱动机制还需要深入研究.此外,光照、无机氮浓度与形态、异形胞丰度和溶解性有机物对蓝藻固氮速率有重要影响,进而决定蓝藻氮释放通量及对水体中氮库的贡献作用.固氮蓝藻是贫营养盐海域和海洋生态系统中氮库的重要贡献者,但在富营养化湖泊中,其贡献作用还存在争议.因此就目前国内外对固氮蓝藻相关研究做综述,以期待业界同行能够对蓝藻固氮作用及其氮释放对水生生态系统中氮循环的贡献引起重视.  相似文献