Global assessment of the European Union fishing fleet: An update   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sebastian Villasante 《Marine Policy》2010

This paper provides a global analysis of recent trends in the EU fishing fleet. Analysis of the capital productivity, labour rates, and economic benefits of the fleet revealed that considerable replacement of fishermen by better technology and well-equipped vessels occurred between 1990 and 2006. The analysis confirms that the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) has been ineffective in reducing fishing capacity. In addition, the changes in capacity that occurred in this time interval differed among the different sectors of the fleet. Some members of the high sea fishing fleet increased their capacity (range 11–57%), and the deep-sea sector, which has greater tonnage and fishing power, increased its fishing capacity by 34–44%. These results confirm the ineffectiveness of the CFP in reducing overcapacity and illustrate the continuing threat of overcapacity to the long-term sustainability of fishery resources.  相似文献   

印度洋深海热液区可培养细菌的分子鉴定与系统发育分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘艳  黄晓航  何培青  彭亚林  林学政  安利国 《海洋科学进展》2009,27(2)

采用MMJHS寡营养培养基从印度洋深海热液区沉积物和热液硫化物中分离获得16株细菌,通过16S rDNA序列比对和生理生化分析,对它们进行了鉴定并构建了系统发育树.结果表明,12株细菌属于γ-变型菌(γ-Gammaproteobacteria),其中6株属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),4株属于嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter),2株属于食碱菌属(Alcanivorax);其余4株属于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus),其中1株为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis).分离获得的16株细菌中,4株为革兰氏阳性细菌,12株为革兰氏阴性细菌;H2S反应、吲哚测定反应、M.R和V-P均呈阴性.本研究为深入认识和开发利用深海热液区微生物资源奠定了基础.  相似文献   

深海沉积物早期成岩过程中的Ba循环及其古海洋环境意义     

张俊  孟宪伟  夏鹏 《海洋科学进展》2009,27(2)

深海沉积物蕴藏了丰富的古海洋环境变化信息.利用沉积物中的某种替代指标,有效地恢复古海洋环境变化历史是海洋地球化学家和古海洋学家致力研究的课题.海洋系统中Ba元素的地球化学行为及其与古海洋环境的关系研究表明,深海沉积物中Ba元素的丰度和变化特征能够很好地揭示古海洋环境变化信息.根据海洋系统中Ba元素地球化学研究的最新进展,系统归纳了深海沉积物中Ba的来源、富集相态及其在早期成岩过程中的行为,并在此基础上,探讨了沉积物中Ba元素丰度变化特征与古生产力和沉积物中甲烷释放通量的关系.  相似文献   

中国海洋药用生物濒危珍稀物种及其保护   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

傅秀梅  王长云  邵长伦  韩磊  武云飞  伍汉霖  钱树本  管华诗 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(4)

首次对中国海洋药用生物濒危珍稀物种及其资源状况进行了调查和评价.结果显示,中国海洋药用生物及具有药用开发价值的海洋生物物种被列入濒危或保护物种的达235种,濒危比率达14.0%.极危物种9种,濒危物种112种,易危物种88种,近危物种5种,珍稀物种1种;其中,国家一级保护动物10种,国家二级保护动物44种.过度开发利用和海洋环境恶化是造成海洋野生药用生物濒危的主要原因.加强海洋自然保护区和海洋特别保护区的建设是保护海洋药用生物物种多样性和遏制资源衰退的有效途径.  相似文献   

中国海洋药物资源及其药用研究调查   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王长云  邵长伦  傅秀梅  兰东  兰克信  李国强  武云飞  钱树本  管华诗 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(4)

对中国海洋药物资源状况进行了调查和评价.结果显示,历经3 600余年,中国海洋药物应用经验不断积累,特别是现代海洋药物的研究成果显著.截至2008年,中国近海已记录的海洋药物及已进行现代药理学、化学研究的潜在药物资源已达684味,其中植物药205味,动物药468味,矿物药11味;涉及海洋药用动植物1 667种(植物272种,动物1 395种),另有矿物18种.加强现代药学研究,保护现有药用生物资源,开拓新的资源领域,是未来海洋药物持续发展的保障.  相似文献   

Ontogenetic and gender-modulated behavioural rhythms in the deep-water decapods Liocarcinus depurator (Brachyura: Portunidae), Munida tenuimana and Munida intermedia (Anomura: Galatheidae)     

Jacopo Aguzzi  Joan Baptista Company  & José Antonio García 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(1):93-105

The regulation and expression of biological rhythms with respect to sex and ontogeny in deep-water benthic decapod crustaceans constitutes an exciting field in marine biology that is far from understood. Liocarcinus depurator , Munida intermedia and Munida tenuimana are ecologically key crustacean decapod species of the Atlantic and Mediterranean shelves and slopes, and their activity rhythms in the field are poorly known. Our aim was to measure the behavioural rhythms of these species, while at the same time defining their type of displacement ( i.e. endobenthic, nektobenthic or benthopelagic). Whether gender and ontogeny modulate the rhythmic behaviour of these decapods is unknown, and we sought to clarify this issue. A temporally scheduled series of trawl hauls and light intensity measures was performed on the western Mediterranean shelf (100–110 m depth) and slope (400–430 m), close to the autumn equinox and the summer solstice. The sex and the size of animals in the catches were analysed. Catch patterns were evaluated through waveform and periodogram analyses. Liocarcinus depurator was captured at night on the shelf, whereas on the slope, animals displayed peaks both in the middle of the day and night. Size-related differences (but no gender differences) were found in its rhythmic behaviour, possibly due to intra-specific competition ( e.g. fighting) between juveniles and adults. Munida intermedia were weakly diurnal in October and both diurnal and nocturnal in June. Munida tenuimana presented no discernible rhythmicity in October, but was nocturnal in June. Both species showed no evident sex or size modulation of their behaviour. Data were interpreted assuming that all tested species present an endobenthic behaviour ( i.e. animals emerge from the substrate during the active phase of their behavioural cycle).  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water,mussels (Brachidontes sp., Tagelus sp.) and fish (Odontesthes sp.) from Bahía Blanca Estuary,Argentina     

Andres H. Arias  Carla V. Spetter  Rubén H. Freije  Jorge E. Marcovecchio 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the major groups of anthropogenic environmental pollutants, were firstly identified and measured in coastal waters, native mussels and fish of an industrialized South American estuary.  相似文献   

一种基于微细光缆的固定式深海观察系统   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王磊  杨申申  刘涛  沈明学  马伟峰 《海洋工程》2009,27(3):127-130

介绍一种利用微细光缆实现深海观察的小型装置.阐述其系统组成、工作方式及利用微细光缆实现深海视频信号和数据的传输过程以及其研制的关键技术,展望了此种深海观察站的发展前景.  相似文献   

High-resolution seabed imagery as a tool for biodiversity conservation planning on continental margins     

Thomas A. Schlacher  Alan Williams  Franziska Althaus  & Monika A. Schlacher-Hoenlinger 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(1):200-221

Submarine canyons increase seascape diversity on continental margins and harbour diverse and abundant biota vulnerable to fishing. Because many canyons are fished, there is an increasing emphasis on including them in conservation areas on continental margins. Here we report on sponge diversity and bottom cover in three canyons of South-eastern Australia, test the performance of biological and abiotic surrogates, and evaluate how biological data from detailed seabed surveys can be used in conservation planning in these habitats. The biological data on sponge assemblage structure and species richness were obtained from 576 seafloor images taken between 148 and 472 m depth, yielding 65 morphospecies. Seafloor characteristics were similar within and between canyons, being almost exclusively composed of sediments with very few rocky substrates of higher relief. This environmental homogeneity did not, however, translate into biological uniformity of the megabenthos, and environmental factors were consequently poor predictors of biological features. By contrast, total bottom cover of sponges was highly correlated with species richness and served as a good proxy for species-level data in this situation. Design strategies that employ information on cover or richness of sponges provided a large dividend in conservation effort by dramatically reducing the number of spatial units required to achieve a specified conservation target of 50–90% of species to be included in reserves. This demonstrates that image-derived data are useful for the design of reserves in the deep sea, particularly where extractive sampling is not warranted. Using biological data on the sponge megabenthos to identify conservation units can also minimise socio-economic costs to fisheries because of a smaller geographic and bathymetric ambit of conservation areas.  相似文献   

Multielement analysis of deep-sea sediments by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry     

Ning Xia  Zhaohui Wu  Dongfa Guo  De Yao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(2):137-144

Marine sediments were dissolved by HNO3-HF-HCIO4 in a sealed container at low pressure; I-IF was evaporated in an open container and salts were dissolved in HCl by heating, then transferred to 2% HNO3 solution. A total of 45 elements, including Li, Be, So, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, In, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, TI, Pb, Bi, Th and U, were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Condi-tions and sample experiments showed that this procedure defines a good experimental method which has the advantages of clear interference, easy operation and reliable results. The concentrations of the 45 elements could be used for resource exploration, envi-ronmental assessment and academic research.  相似文献