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1.
《应用海洋学学报》2015,(3)
为获得深海可培养微生物资源,利用2216E培养基,采用涂布平板法从南大西洋热液区沉积物中分离可培养细菌,并通过16S rRNA基因进行分类鉴定.同时测定各菌株产淀粉酶、蛋白酶、果胶酶、木聚糖酶、褐藻酸酶和脂肪酶(三丁酸甘油酯和吐温80)的能力.分离共获得216株菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列比对,共获得71株不同的菌株.其中包括变形菌纲62株、放线菌纲3株、芽孢杆菌纲2株和拟杆菌纲4株,分布于27个属,41个种.酶活检测结果显示,具有淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶(底物为三丁酸甘油酯)和脂肪酶(底物为吐温80)的产酶细菌分别为18、14、25、32株,供测细菌中未检出产果胶酶、木聚糖酶和褐藻酸酶的菌株.这些菌株为进一步研究开发提供了深海微生物资源. 相似文献
2.
采集虾蟹混养池塘沉积物,利用特定饵料培养基,并通过定期增加培养基中饵料添加量的方式,对沉积物中的复合菌进行了6个周期(7d/周期)的富集驯化培养。在COD含量约为1 000mg/L、菌接种量为10%的饵料降解溶液中,后期复合菌在5d内对COD的最大去除率分别达到了64%、70%和88%。在6个周期富集驯化结束后,从复合菌中分离出16株菌,经16S rRNA分析,其中8株属于弧菌属(vibrio sp.),1株属于芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales sp.),2株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),2株属于交替假单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas sp.),1株属于气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.),1株属于希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella sp.)。经血平板初步筛选出4株不具潜在致病性的菌,1株属于芽孢杆菌目,1株为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),2株为交替假单胞菌,在菌接种量为1.0×10~7cfu/mL的降解溶液中,各株菌在5d内对COD的最大去除率分别达到了40%、40%、56%和46%。将这4株菌按一定比例组合后,在5d内对COD的最大去除率可达到72%。研究表明,经富集驯化后的复合菌及从中分离筛选出的4株不具潜在致病性的细菌及按一定比例重组后的菌在调控养殖环境有机物污染方面都具有潜在应用价值。 相似文献
3.
从西菲律宾海底4954 m深的沉积物中分离到一批深海细菌,对其中编号为B2、B5、B6的3株细菌进行了生理、光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,并且进行了分子水平鉴定。菌落呈圆球形,光滑,3株菌均带有颜色, B6菌呈乳白色, B2和 B5菌分别呈现鲜艳的橙色和红色。扫描电镜观察表明 B2和B6呈杆状,但B6菌外面覆有鞘膜, B5菌呈球状。生理实验表明,3株菌温度生长范围在37℃以下,最适生长温度分别为20、28、28℃,属于耐冷菌范畴。pH耐受范围为6~14,最适pH分别为8、8、12。3株细菌16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析表明,它们分属于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、节杆菌(Arthrobacter)、蛋白菌(Acinetobacter)3个不同的菌属。 相似文献
4.
青岛潮间带沉积物可培养厌氧细菌多样性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了验证设计的简易厌氧培养方法,作者以青岛潮间带沉积物为研究对象,采用5种培养基,从青岛潮间带沉积物共分离获得138株厌氧细菌。16S r DNA序列分析表明,这些细菌分属3个门15个属32个种,其中γ-变形菌纲64株18个种,在种类上处于优势地位;此外还包括δ-变形菌纲(δ-Proteobacteria)16株2个种,ε-变形菌纲4株1个种,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)29株8个种,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)25株3个种。在属水平上,弧菌属(Vibrio)、Marinifilum属、泥杆菌属(Ilyobacter)、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)在数量上占优势。此外,有26株8种细菌(占总菌株数的18.84%)与已知菌的同源性介于89.38%~94.22%,为潜在的海洋细菌新科或新属,表明此简易厌氧菌培养方法在获得新菌方面具有较大优势。另外,研究结果还表明,不同培养基对特定的类群具有选择性:2216E培养基对γ-变形菌纲分离培养效率较高;SPG培养基在获得新菌方面具有优势(占新菌数62.5%),且这些新菌大多属于拟杆菌门和梭杆菌门,其中SPG-1培养基对于分离硫酸盐还原菌和难培养的ε-变形菌纲细菌具有优势,SPG-4培养基对分离硝酸盐还原菌具有优势。 相似文献
5.
针对长江口10个站位样品,采用HM培养基和ZMCA培养基分离培养耐(嗜)盐菌,通过PCR方法获取156株细菌的16S rDNA序列。其中,由HM培养基分离获得136株菌株,可划分为33个分类单元(OUT),分属α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)3个类群,其中γ-变形菌纲为优势耐(嗜)盐细菌;靠近海岸的站点M5-1,N6-2和M4-1耐(嗜)盐细菌均属于厚壁菌门,而远离海岸的站点耐(嗜)盐细菌均属于变形菌门。以ZMCA培养基分离获得的20株菌株分属α-变形菌纲和放线菌纲(Actinobacteria),可划分为10个OTU。由HM培养基分离获得的菌株中,70.5%属于耐盐菌,29.5%属于中度嗜盐菌;由ZMCA培养基分离获得的菌株均为耐盐菌。HM培养基分离得到的136株细菌的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原性分析表明,亚硝酸盐还原菌数量仅为硝酸盐还原菌的1/3左右。 相似文献
6.
海草植株共附生大量具有合成植物激素、促进植物营养物质吸收和拮抗病原菌作用的促生菌,对海草的健康生长具有重要作用。本研究利用固氮、溶磷培养基从海南省新村湾泰来草(Thalassia hemperichii)和海菖蒲(Enhalus acoroides)植株中获得细菌131株,分布于36属61种,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势属。通过可培养细菌的多样性分析发现,从泰来草分离获得细菌的OTU(Operational Taxonomic Unit)数目、Chao和Shannon指数均高于海菖蒲,其具有更高的细菌多样性;而三种培养基中,应用PSM培养基获得的细菌的多样性最低。另外,对包括17株溶磷菌和12株固氮菌在内的61株菌进行促生特性分析,结果显示菌株L-2以C_2H_4计的固氮酶活性达14.27nmol/(h·m L),有3株菌溶磷活性在29.91～44.86 mg/L之间,6株菌产铁载体能力很强,8株菌氨化能力很强,10株菌吲哚乙酸(IAA)产量在50μg/m L以上。基于促生能力的综合分析,我们筛选出5株具有较强促生潜能的菌株,16S rRNA鉴定结果显示其中2株为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.),1株克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.),1株拉乌尔菌(Raoultella sp.)和1株Breoghania sp.。它们适合进一步开发研制为微生物菌剂,可应用于促进移植海草生长发育和退化海草床生态保护修复中。 相似文献
7.
以龙须菜为唯一的营养源对深海沉积物进行富集和筛选,获得一个可降解龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)、紫菜(Porphyra umbilicalis)和海带(Laminaria japonica)产生还原性寡糖的菌群.通过16S rRNA序列及16S rRNA-RFLP分析对该菌群中的细菌多样性进行了研究.结果表明,降解菌群中的细菌组成主要为弧菌属(Vibrio,8株)、火色杆菌属(Flammeovirga,7株)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella,5株),其中希瓦氏菌属和火色杆菌属的细菌在菌群中的丰度较高.采用龙须菜为唯一营养源的筛选培养基对菌群中的细菌进行分离,获得4株具有琼胶酶活力的细菌,包括2株火色杆菌属和2株希瓦氏菌属细菌.培养和未培养的结果均表明火色杆菌和希瓦氏菌这2个属为所研究的深海沉积物主要的龙须菜降解菌.对原始降解菌群和所分离的关键菌株进行了龙须菜酶解产糖能力的比较,结果发现菌群中的弧菌属菌株虽然自身没有酶解龙须菜的能力,但可能可以协助关键菌株,提高菌群对龙须菜的降解效率.因此本研究中所获得的菌群和菌株有望在琼胶寡糖的绿色生产中得到广泛应用. 相似文献
8.
为了解九孔鲍鲍鱼脱板期养殖环境中细菌的多样性,分离培养了脱板病发生期养殖环境(包括附着基上和养殖池水中)细菌32株,并用限制性片段长度多态性分析和16S rDNA序列分析法对其进行了分子鉴定,构建了系统进化树.结果表明,所分离的细菌分为3大类群9个属,分别是:γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proterbacteria)的交替假单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、Cobetia属、盐单胞菌属(Hlomonas)、弧菌属(Vibrio)和海单胞菌属(Marinomonas);厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的盐水球菌属(Salinicoccus)、动球菌属(Planococcus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus);还有拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的Tenacibaculum属.这些细菌大多与GenBank库中分离自发病的水产养殖生物的细菌最相似.这说明从该养殖环境中分离培养出的细菌和水产养殖病害间存在着一定的关系. 相似文献
9.
为研究南太平洋环流区底层海水可培养细菌的多样性,通过IODP 329航次获得了该区域7个站点的底层海水样品,利用传统的分离培养法获得菌株后,进行16SrDNA测序及系统发生分析。结果表明,从南太平洋环流区7个站点的底层水中分离出174株深海细菌,这些菌株属于4个门,30个属,78个种。其中γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)有143株,在数量和种类方面均占主导地位;α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)7株,β-变形菌纲(β-Proteobacteria)2株,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)11株,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)6株,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)5株。优势属有假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas)、弧菌属(Vibrio)、盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)等10个属;优势种有居珊瑚假交替单胞杆菌(Pseudoalteromonas paragorgicola)、子午盐单胞菌(Halomonas meridiana)、坎氏弧菌(Vibrio campbellii)、西班牙交替单胞菌(Alteromonas hispanica)、河豚毒素假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis)、琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii)等12个。在7个站点中,位于环流边缘的U1371站点分离出的菌株数量明显多于其他站点,且是7个站点中唯一1个包含了分离出的所有6个门类的站点,多样性最高;而U1369和U1370站点都只分离出γ-变形菌纲1个门类。此外,9株细菌可能为海洋细菌新属或新种。 相似文献
10.
为探索印度洋深海沉积物中纯培养细菌的多样性,本文对采自印度洋12个沉积物样品进行细菌纯培养分离,共获得343株细菌.所有细菌采用16S?rRNA基因进行比对分析,鉴定为4个门:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroi... 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献