热带北太平洋深海小型底栖生物大尺度空间分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨俊毅  王春生  刘镇盛  高爱根  王小谷 《海洋学研究》2005,23(3):23-29

通过对2001年热带北太平洋深海小型底栖生物大尺度空间的数量分布的初步调查,共发现了15个类群的小型底栖生物,其平均丰度为34.1个/10 cm2,东太平洋区的东小区小型底栖生物类群数明显高于其它区域,小型底栖生物量比例随着沉积物厚度的增加而降低,生物量比例为68%~87%的小型底栖生物集中在沉积物0~2 cm层(表层)内。食物是深海小型底栖生物分布的限制因子,沉积物类型和底层流对小型底栖生物空间分布也有一定的影响。  相似文献   

Microbial community structure and diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre     

WEI Manman  ZHANG Rubing  WANG Yuguang  JI Houguo  ZHENG Ji  CHEN Xinhu  ZHOU Hongbo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(2):42-51

The aim of this study is to investigate microbial structures and diversities in five active hydrothermal fields’ sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre (ELSC) in the Lau Basin (southwest Pacific). Microbial communities were surveyed by denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The differences in microbial community structures among sediment samples from the five deep-sea hydrothermal sites were revealed by DGGE profiles. Cluster analysis of DGGE profiles separated the five hydrothermal samples into two groups. Four different 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, representing two selected hydrothermal samples (19-4TVG8 and 19-4TVG11), were constructed. Twenty-three and 32 phylotypes were identified from 166 and 160 bacterial clones respectively, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes. The phylum Proteobacteria is dominant in both bacterial libraries with a predominance of Gamma-Proteobacteria. A total of 31 and 25 phylotypes were obtained from 160 and 130 archaeal clones respectively, including Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Marine Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, Marine Benthic Group E, Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeota and Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota. These results show a variety of clones related to those involved in sulfur cycling, suggesting that the cycling and utilization of sulfur compounds may extensively occur in the Lau Basin deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem.  相似文献   

Deep-Sea Nodules and Co-rich Mn Crusts     

G. P. Glasby  Zhilei Sun 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1):72-78

The mining of deep-sea manganese nodules has been a topic of interest since J.L. Mero undertook his preliminary studies in the 1960s to evaluate the prospects for mining deep-sea nodules. Despite the great deal of investment in deep-sea mining over more than 40 years, there has still been no successful attempt to mine the deep-sea nodules on a commercial scale. One of the major problems is that the nodules cannot be brought to the surface with the necessary amounts of recoverable nickel, cobalt and zinc to warrant the initial high investment necessary for this operation. It therefore appears that in the short term, deep-sea manganese and Co-rich Mn crusts will not be mined on a commercial scale in the foreseeable future. Nonetheless, investigations of deep-sea mineral deposits by a number of nations will continue and enable us to understand the deep-sea environment in increasing detail, which is necessary in view of the great extent of the deep oceans which cover an area of about 66% of the Earth's surface.  相似文献   

Hummocky cross-stratification-like structures in deep-sea turbidites: Upper Cretaceous Basque basins (Western Pyrenees, France)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

THIERRY MULDER  PHILIPPE RAZIN†  JEAN-CLAUDE FAUGERES‡ 《Sedimentology》2009,56(4):997-1015

Hummocky cross-stratification is a sedimentary structure which is widely interpreted as the sedimentary record of an oscillatory current generated by energetic storm waves remobilizing surface sediment on the continental shelf. Sedimentary structures named hummocky cross-stratification-like structures, similar to true hummocky cross-stratification, have been observed in the Turonian–Senonian Basque Flysch Basin (south-west France). The bathymetry (1000 to 1500 m) suggests that the observed sedimentary structures do not result from a hydrodynamic process similar to those acting on a continental shelf. The morphology of these three-dimensional structures shares similarities with the morphology of hummocky cross-stratification despite a smaller size. The lateral extent of these structures ranges from a few decimetres to many decimetres; they consist of convex-up domes (hummock) and concave-up swales with a non-erosive base. Four types of hummocky cross-stratification-like geometries are described; they occur in association with structures such as climbing current ripple lamination and synsedimentary deformations. In the Basque Flysch, hummocky cross-stratification-like structures are only found in the Tc interval of the Bouma sequence. Hummocky cross-stratification-like structures are sporadic in the stratigraphic series and observed only in few turbidite beds or bed packages. This observation suggests that hummocky cross-stratification-like structures are linked genetically to the turbidity current but form under a very restricted range of parameters. These structures sometimes show an up-current (upslope) migration trend (antidunes). In the described examples, they could result from standing waves forming at the upper flow interface because of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.  相似文献   

深海热液活动环境场参数及模型分析          下载免费PDF全文

夏建新  韩凝  任华堂 《地学前缘》2009,16(6):48

深海热液活动是当今科学研究的热点,本文基于近年有关热液活动的各种模型,系统分析比较了热液柱的上升高度与热通量等参数变化规律,并对现有的热液羽状流模型和考虑洋壳特性的经验模型进行了分析。主要研究结果有:(1)热液柱上升高度与底部横向流和热源特性密切相关,单个热液喷口热通量和羽状热液柱中性浮力层模型热液热通量达109W/m2;(2)热液羽状流受多种因素影响,热液柱面积的轮廓,羽状热液柱各处的含盐量、潜在温度、速度可随深度改变发生变化;(3)考虑洋壳特性后,其浮力通量和热液柱最大的上升高度均有变化,上升高度可达1000多m,热通量达108W/m2。上述模型和参数可为进一步深入研究热液羽流运动机制和建立热液活动正演和反演模型提供参考。  相似文献   

深海沉积理论发展及其在油气勘探中的意义   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  

李祥辉  王成善  金玮  冉波 《沉积学报》2009,27(1):77-86

深海沉积理论的进展主要涉及“鲍玛序列”、浊流、砂质碎屑流和深海层序地层四方面。以Shanmugam为代表认为:“鲍玛序列”并非唯一浊流产物,可含有砂质碎屑流、浊流、内潮汐、内波、等深流多种流体作用的结果;过去识别的“鲍玛序列”A段有浊流也有相当部分是砂质碎屑流成因,B—D段交错层理则是底层牵引流沉积产生的;只有浊流的沉积物才能称为浊积岩;“高密度浊流”是指砂质碎屑流而不是浊流;浊流是一种有牛顿流和紊乱状态的沉积物重力流;浊积岩没有复杂的颗粒悬浮层和碎石浮层,不发育逆粒序。Shanmugam等关于“鲍玛序列”这一新解是深海沉积学理论的一个进步。深海牵引流过去数十年取得了较大进步,但理论与实践脱节。深海层序地层是深海沉积理论进展的另一个方面,层序界面类型、体系域沉积有自身的独特性:层序界面至少存在斜坡侵蚀面、低水位下超面和水下沉积间断面三种;当沉积背景以陆源碎屑为主时,LST主要为盆底扇,TST和早期HST表现为非钙质远洋沉积,晚期HST一般不发育;当碳酸盐沉积为沉积背景时,LST主体为碎屑流和跨塌蹦落沉积或淡水透镜体,TST和早期HST为钙质细粒沉积,晚期HST可能存在有较小规模的钙屑海底扇。建议慎重解释“鲍玛序列”,审视“浊积扇”理论,废弃“浊积扇”概念,加强深海牵引流沉积机理方面的研究;LST浊积砂体、砂质碎屑流形成的块状不规则砂体、深海牵引流砂体可在深海储层预测方面具有巨大潜势,深海沉积作用及其过程的精细研究在指导深海油气勘探方面将会发挥越来越为重要的作用。  相似文献   

深海底质土-金属界面间黏附特性试验研究     

刘琦  漆采玲  马雯波  胡聪  李锋 《岩土力学》2019,40(2):701-708

基于取样于太平洋C-C矿区(Clarion-Clipperton Zone)的深海底质土,采用美国INSTRON公司生产的5943型万能材料试验机,选用4种常用的海洋金属,自制金属模具,开展黏附特性试验,研究孔隙比、法向压力和加载速度等因素对深海底质土与金属界面间黏附特性的影响规律。并基于平行圆盘分离力的计算公式,建立了深海底质土-金属界面表层土黏附指数的计算公式。研究结果表明：随着土样孔隙比的增加,黏附力呈增加的趋势,增速先快后慢,最终趋于平缓。随着法向压力的增加,深海底质土与金属界面间的表层土黏附指数呈指数函数增加趋势。随着加载速度的增加,深海底质土与金属界面间的表层土黏附指数反而呈逐渐减小的趋势。4种金属中,铝合金5052和钛合金STi80对深海底质土表层土的黏附能力较弱。该研究结果为我国深海采矿系统的安全运行提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

深海甲烷电化学原位长期监测技术及其在海洋环境调查和天然气水合物勘探中的意义     

孙春岩  王栋琳  张仕强  贺会策  赵浩  凌帆  尹文斌 《物探与化探》2019,(1):1-16

深海溶解甲烷浓度数据连续获取的方法技术,对于海洋环境和天然气水合物开发过程中甲烷扩散作用及通量的动态监测,具有重要的科学意义和实际应用价值。本文较详细地介绍了依据"海水脱气、气体样品定量输入、电化学高精度检测"技术思路,采用"增压排液整机系统控制的海水循环、减压稳流、气液分离、烃类组分高精度检测技术改进"方法,研发"深海甲烷电化学原位长期监测技术"的关键环节和技术方法。结合原位传感器在胶州湾港口为期94天底水长期监测实验获取的数据成果,对原位传感器的技术性能、数据质量、地质效果进行了研究评价。结果表明:(1)原位传感器量程甲烷指标达到0.01～10 000 nmol/L,灵敏度达到0.01 nmol/L,对烃类组分检测具有较好的稳定性和选择性;(2)监测水域溶解甲烷数值范围19.01～106.87 nmol/L,正常甲烷背景32.41 nmol/L,局部异常甲烷背景80.60 nmol/L,资料显示异常与污水排放过程对海水环境污染有关;(3)实测甲烷数据成果地球化学特征与胶州湾海域海水环境以往调查研究成果符合,证明了实测数据的客观性和科学性;(4)海试监测试验成果证明,原位传感器测试性能可靠、结构设计合理、设计思路科学,基本具备了海洋科学调查中对海水甲烷浓度数据获取的能力,在未来海洋天然气水合物开发过程中对甲烷扩散作用的动态监测及深海甲烷浓度通量的长期监测中,具有实际应用价值和科学意义。  相似文献   

泥河湾盆地的水下黄土堆积及其古气候意义   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17  

夏正楷 《地理学报》1992,47(1):58-65,T001

本文论述了泥河湾盆地第四纪河湖相地层中水下黄土堆积的特征，认为水下黄土堆积是介于气下黄土堆积河湖相沉积之间的一种过渡类型，水下黄土和气下黄土都是干冷气候条件下的产物，而河湖相沉积则形成于相对温湿的气候环境。在沉积剖面中水下黄土和河湖相沉积交替出现，形成水下黄土－河湖相沉积系列，这个系列反映了气候的周期性变化，它可以与我国洛川剖面的黄土－古土壤系列及深海岩芯V28－239的氧同侠素气候期，很好地进行对比。这为我国华北第四纪古气候地层序列的建立，又提供了一个重要的途径。  相似文献   

Flow path of the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-oki earthquake seismoturbidite, southern margin of the Japan sea north basin, inferred from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility     

A. L. Abdeldayem  K. Ikehara  T. Yamazaki 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,157(1):15-24

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