中国超大型钼矿床     

李文智  付治国  郭锐  付恒一  马晓辉  李大卓 《矿产与地质》2014,(1):9-11,24

中国目前共发现并探明10超大型钼矿床,其成因类型全部属于斑岩型矿床。超大型钼矿床特点是:①全部位于古板块对接带的仰冲带一侧,属于被动的冒地槽单元外侧;②成矿母岩:a.岩石学名称绝大多数是花岗斑岩类;b.岩石化学:三高一低,即高酸、高碱、高钾、低钙镁的正常太平洋型钙碱性系列的超浅成侵入岩;c.岩石地球化学:Mo,W均为特富集元素,Cu,Pb,Zn则为中等富集,从而说明成矿物质主要来源于上地幔与下地壳的混熔体;从成矿母岩的成岩和成矿年代学方面可知,中国超大型钼矿床主要形成于中生代燕山白垩纪中、晚期。  相似文献   

北京潮白河冲洪积扇地下水水化学的分层分带特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郭高轩  侯泉林  许亮  刘久荣  辛宝东 《地球学报》2014,35(2):204-210

为探讨北京潮白河冲洪积扇第四系地下水系统水化学分布特征,依据地层结构及水文地质条件,于2008年枯水期采集浅、中、深层水样293组,用于水化学分析。利用数理统计法计算了总硬度、溶解性总固体、氨氮、铁、氟、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、重碳酸根、硫酸根等10种组分上、中、下游不同含水层的算术均值和均方差。结果表明,浅层地下水除了NO3–外,其余9种组分的算术均值均呈现由上游到中下游增大的趋势,均方差则中游较上游和下游大;整个冲洪积扇地下水均属偏碱性水,水化学类型多样,由上游的HCO3-Ca·Mg型逐渐过渡到中下游的HCO3-Ca·Na·Mg型和HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca·Mg型;随着往下游径流,地下水的化学类型趋于复杂多样,Cl–、矿化度和硬度等组分浓度升高。TDS、硬度、Cl–、NO3–和电导率均与取样深度呈反相关关系,pH值则与深度成正相关。水化学结果显示冲洪积扇地下水具有良好的分层分带特征,上游地区水质均一性高,是单一含水层结构,上下贯通,水动力条件好的反映,而中下游水动力条件较差,含水层分层明显。从测试组分的浓度分布范围和数值来看,均表现出浅层水样中层水样深层水样。地下水质量表现为上游好于中游,中游好于下游,分带特征明显。组分含量较高的样点和超标点绝大多数为浅层水样,这一点反映了中下游地区较强的人为输入和多源补给的特征。  相似文献   

Destruction of the North China Craton: a perspective based on receiver function analysis     

Chuansong He  Shuwen Dong  M. Santosh  Qiusheng Li  Xuanhua Chen 《Geological Journal》2015,50(1):93-103

The North China Craton (NCC), which is composed of the eastern NCC and the western NCC sutured by the Palaeoproterozoic Trans‐North China Orogen, is one of the oldest continental nuclei in the world and the largest cratonic block in China. The eastern NCC is widely known for its significant lithospheric thinning and destruction during the Late Mesozoic. Models on the destruction of the eastern NCC can be principally grouped into two: (1) thermal/mechanical and/or chemical erosion, and (2) lower crustal and (or) lithospheric delamination. The erosion model suggests that the NCC lithospheric thinning resulted from chemical and/or mechanical interactions of lithospheric mantle with melts or hydrous fluids derived from the asthenosphere, whereas the delamination model proposes lithospheric destruction through foundering of eclogitic lower crust together with lithospheric mantle into the underlying convecting mantle. However, those models lack seismic evidence to explain the destruction process. Here, we analyse the crustal structure and upper mantle discontinuity by employing the H–k stacking technique of receiver function as well as the depth domain receiver function. Our results indicate deep mantle upwelling and lower crustal delamination beneath the eastern NCC, and suggest that either or both of these processes contributed to the unique lithospheric thinning and destruction of the eastern NCC. © 2013 The Authors. Geological Journal published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Delamination and ultra‐deep subduction of continental crust: constraints from elastic wave velocity and density measurement in ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks     

Z. ZHAO  Y. NIU  N. I. CHRISTENSEN  W. ZHOU  Q. HOU  Z. M. ZHANG  H. XIE  Z. C. ZHANG  J. LIU 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2011,29(7):781-801

Thirty‐three samples, including 22 eclogites, collected from the Dabie ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt in eastern China, have been studied for seismic properties. Compressional (V_p) and shear wave (V_s) velocities in three mutually perpendicular directions under hydrostatic pressures up to 1.0 GPa were measured for each sample. At 1.0 GPa, V_p (7.5–8.4 km s^?1), V_s (4.2–4.8 km s^?1), and densities (3.2–3.6 g cm^?3) in the UHP eclogites are higher than those of UHP orthopyroxenite (7.3–7.5 km s^?1, 4.1–4.3 km s^?1, 3.2–3.3 g cm^?3, respectively) and HP eclogites (7.1–7.9 km s^?1, 4.0–4.5 km s^?1, 3.1–3.5 g cm^?3, respectively). Kyanitites (with 99.5% kyanite) show extremely high velocities and density (9.37 km s^?1, 5.437 km s^?1, 3.581 g cm^?3, respectively). The eclogites show variation of V_p‐ and V_s‐anisotropy up to 9.70% and 9.17%, respectively. Poisson’s ratio (σ) ranges from 0.218 to 0.278 (with a mean of 0.255) for eclogites, 0.281–0.298 for granulites and 0.248 to 0.255 for amphibolites. The σ values for serpentinite (0.341) and marble (0.321) are higher than for other lithologies. The elastic moduli K, G, E of kyanitite were obtained as 163, 102 and 253 GPa, respectively. The V_p and density of representative UHP metamorphic rocks (eclogite & kyanitite) were extrapolated to mantle depth (15 GPa) following a reasonable geotherm, and compared to the one dimension mantle velocity and density model. The comparison shows that V_p and density in eclogite and kyanitite are greater than those of the ambient mantle, with differences of up to ΔV_p > 0.3 km s^?1 and Δρ > 0.3–0.4 g cm^?3, respectively. This result favours the density‐induced delamination model and also provides evidence in support of distinguishing subducted high velocity materials in the upper mantle by means of seismic tomography. Such ultra‐deep subduction and delamination processes have been recognized by seismic tomography and geochemical tracing in the postcollisional magmatism in the Dabie region.  相似文献   

华北地区重力和地形及其对克拉通破坏深部过程的约束     

许田  黄金水 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(5):517-521

以重力和地形数据研究现今华北克拉通区域岩石圈热化学结构,探讨华北克拉通破坏过程。首先计算自由空气重力异常、布格重力异常、Airy均衡重力异常;再利用地震学莫霍面观测从地形和布格异常中扣除对应部分,计算残余重力异常及残余地形;最后对残余重力异常进行剩余密度反演。结果表明：1）华北克拉通中、东部存在浮力;2）克拉通东部由温度效应引起的密度负扰动效应略强于化学组分差异引起的密度正扰动;3）现今华北克拉通东部是古老克拉通型地幔和新生正常地幔的混合物,约保留50%~60%古老克拉通地幔成分;4）由重力和密度约束得到的混合地幔结果支持前人提出的多期幕式拆沉的华北克拉通深部破坏过程。  相似文献   

Eclogite-melt/peridotite reaction: Experimental constrains on the destruction mechanism of the North China Craton   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WANG Chao    JIN ZhenMin  GAO Shan  ZHANG JunFeng & ZHENG Shu State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes  Mineral Resources  China University of Geosciences  Wuhan  China  State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis  Preparative Chemistry  College of Chemistry  Jilin University  Changchun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(6)

To study the mechanism of melt-peridotite reaction pertinent to the destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) lithosphere, a series of experiments were performed at a pressure of 2.0 GPa and temperatures from 1250 to 1400°C using Bixiling eclogite and Damaping peridotite as starting materials. The experimental results show that the reaction between eclogite melt and peridotite causes dissolution of olivine and orthopyroxene and precipitation of clinopyroxene in the melt. The experimental run products, cha...  相似文献   

Early Devonian Post-collisional Granitic Magmatism in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, Western China: Insights into Lithospheric Delamination and Orogenic Collapse     

WANG Qian  ZHAO Xilin  MENG Yuanku  YU Shengyao  LIU Yanan 《《地质学报》英文版》2024,98(2):352-367

Post-collisional magmatism contains important clues for understanding the reworking and growth of continental crust, as well as lithospheric delamination and orogenic collapse. Early Devonian magmatism has been identified in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt (NQOB). This paper reports an integrated study of petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, Sm-Nd isotope and zircon U-Pb dating, as well as Lu-Hf isotopic data, for two Early Devonian intrusive plutons. The Yongchang and Chijin granites yield zircon U-Pb ages of 394–407 Ma and 414 Ma, respectively. Both of them are characterized by weakly peraluminous to metaluminous without typical aluminium-rich minerals, LREE-enriched patterns with negative Eu anomalies and a negative correlation between P2O5 and SiO2 contents, consistent with geochemical features of I-type granitoids. Zircons from the studied granites display negative to weak positive εHf(t) values (?5.7 to 2.1), which agree well with those of negative εNd(t) values (?6.4 to ?2.9) for the whole-rock samples, indicating that they were derived from the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic crust. Furthermore, low Sr/Y ratios (1.13–21.28) and high zircon saturation temperatures (745°C to 839°C, with the majority being >800°C) demonstrated a relatively shallow depth level below the garnet stability field and an additional heat source. Taken together, the Early Devonian granitic magmatism could have been produced by the partial melting of ancient crustal materials heated by mantle-derived magmas at high-temperature and low-pressure conditions during post-collisional extensional collapse. The data obtained in this study, when viewed in conjunction with previous studies, provides more information about the tectonic processes that followed the closure of the North Qilian Ocean. The tectonic transition from continental collision to post-collisional delamination could be constrained to ~430 Ma, which is provided by the sudden decrease of Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios and an increase in zircon εHf(t) values for granitoids. A two-stage tectonic evolution model from continental collision to post-collisional extensional collapse for the NQOB includes (a) continental collision and crustal thickening during ca. 455–430 Ma, characterized by granulite-facies metamorphism and widespread low-Mg adakitic magmatism; (b) post-collisional delamination of thickened continental crust and extensional collapse of orogen during ca. 430–390 Ma, provided by coeval high-Mg adakitic magmatism, A-type granites and I-type granitoids with low Sr-Y ratios.  相似文献   

The Significance of Crust Structure and Continental Dynamics Inferred from Receiver Functions in West Yunnan     

HE Chuansong  ZHU Lupei  WANG Qingcai 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(6):1163-1172

Abstract: In our study we collected the teleseismic record of 31 broadband stations and 9 PASSCAL stations in West Yunnan, as well as extracted more than a million receiver functions. Using the waveform model and stacking techniques, we calculated the earth crust thicknesses and Vp/Vs ratios below the stations and obtained 35 valid data points. At the same time, we evenly stacked the receiver functions at the same station and superimposed the two profiles’ cross sections of the main tectonic units. The results show a clear difference between the crust thicknesses of different tectonic units. Because of the magma underplatting and delimanition of the lower crust in the role of deep process, the West Yunnan’s crust can be divided two kinds－mafic-ultramafic and feldspathic crusts. The research also shows that the mafic-ultramafic crust corresponds to a good background of mineralization. The delamination of the lower crust is one of the leading causes for moderate to strong earthquake prone in central Yunnan. The thinner crust and high velocity ratio as well as the multimodal structure of Ps in the Tengchong volcanic area confirms existence of a deep process of the strong magma underplating. Due to the basic crust structure and nature, it is believed that the Honghe fault is a main suture of the Gondwana and Eurasia continents.  相似文献   

河南省西峡县水地沟金矿地质特征及 S、Pb同位素示踪     

马玉见  梁涛  卢仁  谢小芳 《地质与勘探》2019,55(2):472-483

水地沟金矿是河南省北秦岭高庄-二郎坪金多金属矿成矿带内新发现的金矿,为探讨其成矿物质来源及成矿物质释放机制,对水地沟金矿矿石进行了S、Pb同位素分析。4件黄铁矿样品的δ~(34)S值介于0. 5‰～4. 5‰,平均值为2. 5‰,具有塔式分布特征,峰值在2‰～4‰之间,显示幔源硫特征。7件样品的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb的比值范围分别为15. 80～18. 32、15. 11～15. 68和35. 17～38. 39,它们的μ值、△α值、Δβ值和Δγ值的范围依次为8. 97～9. 85、32. 93～74. 31、-1. 98～30. 64和4. 10～50. 61。在~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb-~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb比值图解中,水地沟金矿样品点位于下地壳铅演化趋势线和上地壳铅演化趋势线之间,在~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb-~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb比值图解中,它们集中于上地幔和造山带铅演化趋势线两侧,铅同位素Δβ-Δγ图解表明它们位于地幔Pb、上地壳Pb和上地壳与地幔混合的俯冲带Pb三个源区内。S、Pb同位素特征表明水地沟金矿成矿物质来源于上地幔-下地壳,成矿过程中有上地壳物质加入。水地沟金矿床的形成与北秦岭燕山期陆内(板内)造山过程密切相关,它是区域岩石圈拆沉作用的产物。在这一区域岩石圈灾变过程中,不仅使水地沟岩石圈-软流圈系统内不同源区的流体混合,造成了"宽泛"的S、Pb同位素示踪结果,而且有利于深部流体的大规模快速释放,说明水地沟金矿及其邻区具有大的成矿潜力。  相似文献   

Poisson's ratio of eclogite: Implications for lower crustal delamination of orogens   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

高山  Hartmut Kern  金振民  张宏飞  张本仁 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(9):909-918

Eclogite is essentially a bi-mineralogic high-grade metamorphic rock consisting of garnet and omphacite and is the product of high-to-ultrahigh pressure metamorphism of basaltic rocks due to the subduction of oceanic crust or the thickening/subduction of …  相似文献