斑石鲷消化系统形态学与组织学观察     

陈宵  肖志忠  肖永双  姬广磊  邓钦有  李旋  王雨福  马玉婷  李军  刘相全  连昌  连亚明  杨理忠 《海洋科学》2022,46(7):70-77

为探明斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)消化系统的形态特征和组织学结构,助力斑石鲷的人工繁育及养殖技术研发,作者采用形态解剖学和组织学切片技术对斑石鲷消化系统进行了实验研究。研究发现斑石鲷的消化道共由6部分组成,从头至尾依次是口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊、小肠、直肠。斑石鲷的口咽腔内部空间大,颌齿内部彼此连接、外部愈合,呈现典型的鹦鹉喙状,咽齿呈扁平的圆盾状,于上下颌齿内侧上下对称分布,这样复合结构(喙状颌齿与圆盾状咽齿)使得斑石鲷能够轻易地碾碎甲壳动物的外壳,进而完成摄食。斑石鲷的食道短粗,黏膜层密布具纵褶,内部含有丰富的杯状细胞,能够协助斑石鲷吞咽食物。胃部呈典型的不对称V型,黏膜层下分布着密集的胃腺,幽门部拥有整个消化道最厚实的肌肉层,摄取的食物将在这里完成消化和分解。斑石鲷的小肠分为前肠、中肠、后肠3部分,管径大小逐次递减,黏膜层上肠绒毛的密度和长度也遵同样的规律,从结构可以推断出斑石鲷肠道吸收功能主要集中于前中肠。直肠管径与小肠前肠段接近,长度很短仅为小肠的1/7,相比小肠部分,肠绒毛更加稀疏,绒毛长度也更短,主要承担消化残留物的压缩排泄和水分与微量元素的重吸收,相对简单结构对应着相对简单的功能。  相似文献   

管角螺消化系统的组织学研究     

张林林  万涓涓  母昌考  宋微微  李来国  王春琳  蒋霞敏 《台湾海峡》2011,30(4):540-545

本研究采用解剖学及组织学方法对管角螺消化系统的结构进行了系统分析．结果表明,管角螺的消化系统由消化道和消化腺两大部分组成．消化道包含吻、食道、嗉囊、胃、肠、直肠及肛门;消化腺由唾液腺、肝及食道腺组成,其中肝为最大消化腺．唾液腺细胞分为粘液细胞和分泌细胞;食道腺细胞由排泄细胞和杯状细胞组成．在光学显微镜下,消化道的管壁由外向内依次为：外膜、肌层、粘膜下层和粘膜层4层;唾液腺、肝及食道腺均为复管状腺．管角螺的肝由肝被膜和许多盲管（肝小管）组成,肝管的组织结构与消化道基本相同,内有单层纤毛柱状上皮,可观察到肌层和管腔。  相似文献   

氨氮胁迫对三疣梭子蟹消化酶活力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐武杰  潘鲁青  岳峰  李健 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(6):35-40

以三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)为研究对象,研究氨氮胁迫对中肠腺、胃、肠组织消化酶活力的影响。实验设计对照组(自然海水)、1、5、20 mg/L处理组,分别于氨氮胁迫后0、6、12、244、8 h取样进行消化酶活力的测定。结果表明:氨氮胁迫对三疣梭子蟹类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力影响显著(P<0.05),而对照组无明显变化。各处理组3种消化器官中类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶活力在48 h内呈峰值变化,其中3种消化器官中类胰蛋白酶活力在48 h时恢复至对照组水平,而中肠腺胃蛋白酶活力在24 h后趋于稳定,且与氨氮浓度呈明显正相关,胃和肠的胃蛋白酶活力分别于48和24 h时恢复至对照组水平。各处理组中肠腺和胃的脂肪酶活力在24 h内均呈现明显的峰值变化,24 h后中肠腺中脂肪酶活力趋于稳定,且与氨氮浓度呈明显正相关,而胃中脂肪酶活力逐渐下降,至48 h时恢复至对照组水平。各处理组中肠腺和肠的淀粉酶活力在12 h内呈逐渐下降趋势,12 h后趋于稳定,且与氨氮浓度呈明显负相关;各处理组胃的淀粉酶活力呈现先升高后降低趋势,24 h后趋于稳定。同时在氨氮胁迫48 h时,对中肠腺和胃的胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶活力均表现为明显的诱导作用,而对3种消化器官中淀粉酶活力表现为明显的抑制作用。由此说明,三疣梭子蟹在氨氮胁迫下中肠腺中胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶活力和3种消化器官中淀粉酶活力可作为消化吸收能力的评价指标。  相似文献   

Bacteriological analysis of the digestive tube of the mud snail (Bullacta exarata Philippi) and its rearing shoal     

Wang Guoliang  Zheng Tianlun  Lu Tongxia  Wang Yinong  Yu Hong  Jin Shan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(2):161-164

The bacterial flora in the digestive tube of Bullacta exarata Philippi and its rearing shoal were investigated. A total of 157 strains of heterotrophic bacteria, isolated from crop, stomach intestine and other parts of the digestive tube, mainly belong to the genera Photobacterium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas Vibrio and some genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. There are significantly more varieties of bacteria in crop than in stomach and intestine. A total of 173 strains of bacteria were isolated from the rearing shoal, belonging to 13 genera. The 5 predominant genera, such as Bacillus and Photobacterium, are the same as those in the digestive tube, but greatly differ in percentages. The number of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio in rearing shoal change in line with the alteration of the temperature, and are significantly affected by the use of pesticides.  相似文献   

Bacteriological Analysis of the Digestive Tube of the Mud Snail (Bullacta exarata Philippi) and Its Rearing Shoal     

Wang Guoliang  ZHENG Tianlun  LU Tongxia  WANG Yinong  YU Hong  JIN Shan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(2)

The bacterial flora in the digestive tube of Bullacta exarata Philippi and its rearing shoal were investigated. A to-tal of 157 strains of heterotrophic bacteria, isolated from crop, stomach intestine and other parts of the digestive tube,mainly belong to the genera Photobacterium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas Vibrio and some genera of the family Enterobacteri-aceae. There are significantly more varieties of bacteria in crop than in stomach and intestine. A total of 173 strains of bacte-ria were isolated from the rearing shoal, belonging to 13 genera. The 5 predominant genera, such as Bacillus and Photobac-terium, are the same as those in the digestive tube, but greatly differ in percentages. The number of heterotrophic bacteriaand Vibrio in rearing shoal change in line with the alteration of the temperature, and are significantly affected by the use ofpesticides.  相似文献   

芽孢杆菌不同使用方式对刺参生长、消化和免疫防御因子的影响     

赵坤  田相利  董双林  李杰  王文君 《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(1):63-72

研究了1株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus,BC-02)不同使用方式(活菌、灭活菌和芽孢)对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、消化和非特异性免疫相关酶活性的影响。实验分低、中、高3个添加梯度,其芽孢杆菌的添加量分别为107、109和1011cfu·kg-1(以活菌量计),以投喂基础饲料组作为对照,实验时间为58d。结果表明:添加中浓度和高浓度的活菌和芽孢粉,不仅能促进刺参生长,还能显著的提高刺参肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性,刺参体腔液中的AKP、ACP、T-SOD以及LSZ活性也显著提高(P0.05),而添加灭活后的芽孢杆菌,对刺参的促生长作用不大,在刺参消化酶和体腔液非特异性免疫相关酶活性方面的作用也不及活菌和芽孢粉状态显著,因此综合比较表明,芽孢杆菌BC-02对刺参的适宜使用方式为活菌和芽孢,适宜浓度为(109-1011)cfu·kg-1,可以有效提高刺参的生长、消化酶活性和非特异免疫力。  相似文献   

Development study on some digestive enzymes of Takifugu rubripes larvae and juvenile     

Wan Zhenzhen  Gao Tianxiang  Zhang Xiumei  Chen Chao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(2):175-178

The activities of some digestive enzymes are studied for Takifugu rubripes larvae and juvenile from the first feeding to 27d after hatching at selected stages of development. The homogenate of whole larvae body is used for enzymatic determination. Activity of acid protease decreases notably during the beginning days after the commencement of completely exogenous feeding and the days before the beginning of the juvenile stage. Alkaline protease specific activity also decreases at metamorphosis. The activities are associated with the morphology of the developing digestive tract. Amylase activity increases before the first feeding, followed by a decreasing and then a rather constant level. Lipase activity remains low during the larvae and juvenile periods. Alkaline phosphatase activity increases gradually. This reflects the development of brush border membranes of enterocytes.  相似文献   

不同饵料对真鲷稚鱼消化酶活性的影响   总被引：31，自引：2，他引：29  

王重刚  陈品健  顾勇  陆浩 《海洋学报》1998,20(4):103-106

用轮虫、水丝蚓、鱼糜和配合饲料投喂40日龄的真鲷稚鱼,2d天后蛋白酶比活力以轮虫组为最高,鱼糜组次之,水丝蚓和配合饲科组活性极低;淀粉酶比活力以配合饲料组最高,轮虫和鱼糜组次之,水丝蚓蛆最低;脂肪酶比活力以配合饲料组最高,轮虫和水丝蚓组次之,鱼糜组最低.由试验结果看出,淡水的水丝蚓和以植物蛋白为主的配合饲料并非真鲷稚鱼的合适蛋白源;淀粉酶的活性明显受食物诱导,脂肪酶活性与食物脂肪含量呈负相关.研究结果对真鲷稚鱼投饵及配合饲料研制等有指导意义.  相似文献   

夏、冬两季真鲷仔、稚、幼鱼消化酶活性的比较   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

陈品健  王重刚  郑森林 《海洋学报》1998,20(5):90-92

通过夏、冬两季真鲷仔、稚、幼鱼蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的变化研究表明,夏、冬两季3种消化酶变化趋势基本相似。蛋白酶的活性冬季比夏季低1个数量级;淀粉酶的活性冬季比夏季低1倍左右;脂肪酶的活性冬季高于夏季,且一直维持在相对稳定的水平。结果表明,3种酶活性受温度影响外,冬季脂肪酶的高活性对鱼苗的生长、成活具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Changes in soil quality indicators under long-term sewage irrigation in a sub-tropical environment   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Reginald Ebhin Masto  Pramod K. Chhonkar  Dhyan Singh  Ashok K. Patra 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(6):1237-1243

Though irrigation with sewage water has potential benefits of meeting the water requirements, the sewage irrigation may mess up to harm the soil health. To assess the potential impacts of long-term sewage irrigation on soil health and to identify sensitive soil indicators, soil samples were collected from crop fields that have been irrigated with sewage water for more than 20 years. An adjacent rain-fed Leucaena leucocephala plantation system was used as a reference to compare the impact of sewage irrigation on soil qualities. Soils were analyzed for different physical, chemical, biological and biochemical parameters. Results have shown that use of sewage for irrigation improved the clay content to 18–22.7%, organic carbon to 0.51–0.86% and fertility status of soils. Build up in total N was up to 2,713 kg ha⁻¹, available N (397 kg ha⁻¹), available P (128 kg ha⁻¹), available K (524 kg ha⁻¹) and available S (65.5 kg ha⁻¹) in the surface (0.15 m) soil. Long-term sewage irrigation has also resulted a significant build-up of DTPA extractable Zn (314%), Cu (102%), Fe (715%), Mn (197.2), Cd (203%), Ni (1358%) and Pb (15.2%) when compared with the adjacent rain-fed reference soil. Soils irrigated with sewage exhibited a significant decrease in microbial biomass carbon (−78.2%), soil respiration (−82.3%), phosphatase activity (−59.12%) and dehydrogenase activity (−59.4%). An attempt was also made to identify the sensitive soil indicators under sewage irrigation, where microbial biomass carbon was singled out as the most sensitive indicator.  相似文献