砂土与格栅界面相互作用的直剪试验研究     

王军  林旭  刘飞禹  潘涛  符洪涛 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z1):113-120

筋材与土体接触面的相互作用较为复杂,它是加筋土工程设计中的关键所在。为了研究筋土界面的作用机制,采用福建标准砂与玻璃纤维土工格栅进行了一系列室内大型直剪试验,较为系统地分析了格栅横肋与纵肋及格栅几何尺寸对于筋土界面强度特性的影响。试验结果表明,格栅的横肋与纵肋在界面强度中均发挥了较大的作用,两者表现为不同的作用机制,当剪切位移较小时格栅横肋的被动阻力和纵肋的摩阻力起到共同承担荷载的作用;随着剪切位移的增大,横肋的被动阻力进一步提升,纵肋发挥了较为显著的提高筋材刚度的框架作用。因此,格栅的纵横肋需要按合理比例搭配才能发挥出较大的筋土界面强度。  相似文献   

含应变软化本构关系的岩-土接触元直剪试验数值模拟     

郑立宁  康景文  谢强  陈云  李可一  贾鹏 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z2):613-618

关于含应变软化本构关系的岩-土接触面特性的研究手段较为有限,基于FLAC可实现具有应变软化接触的本构数值分析。利用该模型对接触面直剪试验进行模拟,并对接触单元剪切强度参数演化与剪切应力-位移关系变化特征进行深入研究。模拟结果再现了接触面的渐进性破坏过程及内部剪应力变化特征,研究表明了摩擦角的增减变化主控剪切应力-位移关系曲线的形式特征。  相似文献   

三峡库区侏罗系不同类型结构面抗剪强度对比     

王姣  李长冬  雍睿  梁德明 《煤田地质与勘探》2014,42(5):61-66

三峡库区侏罗系是典型的软硬相间地层,其软弱层具有亲水性强、透水性弱等特殊的工程地质特性,是库区常见的易滑地层。选取三峡库区秭归县马家沟滑坡所处地层岩体结构面为研究对象,采用室内岩体结构面直剪试验,对4种不同类型结构面的力学特性进行了研究。通过对试验数据的统计分析,绘制了各种结构面的剪应力–正应力关系曲线图及剪应力–剪切位移关系曲线图,从而获得了形成于同一地层中的4种不同结构面的抗剪强度参数,并对其剪切特性进行对比分析与研究。以结构面直剪试验结果为依据,初步分析了该地区某一典型边坡的稳定性及潜在滑动层面,为后期边坡的稳定性评价提供可靠性基础参数。   相似文献   

不同来源地的FDI对城市经济增长的影响——以西安市为例     

王晶  陈瑛 《世界地理研究》2010,19(3):57-61

本文在分析西安市外商直接投资来源地结构的基础上,选取了1996～2006年的时间序列数据,运用因子分析法对具有较强相关性的因素进行归纳,再用回归分析得到主要因子对西安市经济增长的贡献度。结果表明港华美因子贡献最大;第二为新台加英因子;第三为日韩澳因子;第四为德澳因子。最后针对不同来源地的具体投资情况提出建议,以利于进一步优化西安市的外商直接投资结构和提高外商投资质量。  相似文献   

Intercomparison of soil pore water extraction methods for stable isotope analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Natalie Orlowski  Dyan L. Pratt  Jeffrey J. McDonnell 《水文研究》2016,30(19):3434-3449

Measurements of δ²H and δ¹⁸O composition of pore waters in saturated and unsaturated soil samples are routinely performed in hydrological studies. A variety of in‐situ and lab‐based pore water extraction methods for the analysis of the stable isotopes of water now exist. While some have been used for decades (e.g. cryogenic vacuum extraction) others are relatively new, such as direct vapour equilibration or the microwave extraction technique. Despite their broad range of application, a formal and comprehensive intercomparison of soil water extraction methods for stable isotope analysis is lacking and long overdue. Here we present an intercomparison among five commonly used lab‐based pore water extraction techniques (high pressure mechanical squeezing, centrifugation, direct vapour equilibration, microwave extraction, and cryogenic extraction). We applied these extraction methods to two physicochemically different soil types that were dried and rewetted with water of known isotopic composition at three different water contents. Our results showed that the extraction approach can have a significant effect on pore water isotopic composition as all methods exhibited significant deviations from the spiked reference water, depending secondarily on the soil type and soil water content. Most pronounced, cryogenic water extraction showed large deviations from the spiked reference water, whereas mechanical squeezing and centrifugation provided results closest to the spiked water for both soil types. We also compared results for each extraction method – where liquid water was obtained – on both an OA‐ICOS and IRMS. Differences between these two analytical instruments were negligible for these organic compound‐free waters. We suggest that users of soil water extraction approaches carefully choose an extraction technique that is suitable for the specific research question, adapted to the dominant soil type and water content of the study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

LICHEN GROWTH RATES ON GLACIER FORELANDS IN SOUTHERN NORWAY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A 25-YEAR MONITORING PROGRAMME     

BY HAZEL E. TRENBIRTH  JOHN A. MATTHEWS 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2010,92(1):19-39

A unique 25-year lichen growth monitoring programme involving 2,795 individuals of the Rhizocarpon subgenus at 47 sites on 18 glacier forelands in the Jotunheimen–Jostedalsbreen regions of southern Norway is reported. The data are used to address fundamental questions relating to direct lichenometry: spatial and temporal variability in lichen growth rates, climatic effects on lichen growth rates, lichen growth models, and implications for lichenometric dating. Mean annual (diametral) growth rate ranged from 0.43 to 0.87 mm yr⁻¹ between sites, which is attributed primarily to local habitat differences. Interannual variability in annual mean growth rate exceeded 1.0 mm yr⁻¹ at some sites. Annual mean growth rates for all sites combined varied from 0.52 to 0.81 mm yr⁻¹ and was positively correlated with annual mean temperature and winter mean temperature (both r = 0.64, p <0.005) but not with summer seasonal temperature: positive correlations with annual and winter precipitation were less strong and the correlation with summer precipitation was marginally significant (r = 0.41 p <0.10). Growth-rate models characterized by annual growth rates that remain approximately constant or increase with lichen size up to at least 120 mm tended to fit the data more closely than a parabolic model. This is tentatively attributed to a long 'linear/mature' phase in the growth cycle. Comparison with growth rates inferred from indirect lichenometry suggest that such high measured growth rates could not have been maintained over the last few centuries by the largest lichens used in southern Norway for lichenometric dating. Several hypotheses, such as the effects of competition and climate change, which might explain this paradox, are discussed.  相似文献   

利用直达P波测定地方震震源深度的探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王登伟 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(5):45-48

震源深度是地震时空参数中的基本参数,是目前最难测准的参数之一。可以使用直达P波测定震源深度。要确保测定结果的精度,必须加密台网观测点,使台间距的大小与震源深度相当。利用四川省西昌和冕宁大桥水库两个遥测地震台网的直达P波资料,测定发生在其监控区域内137个地震的震源深度。结果发现,该区域地震的平均深度和深度下限存在随震级增大而增加的现象。其中有部分地震的震源深度,利用本研究方法测定的结果与使用遥测地震台网计算机定位程序输出的结果相差较大。作者认为,这部分地震使用计算机定位程序得出的震源深度有较大的误差。  相似文献   

复杂二维地电断面电测深法的反演研究     

李貅  方文藻 《地球科学与环境学报》1991,(2)

本文在二维地电断面直流电测深法的边界单元法正演的基础上,将可行方向法引入LMF算法中,提出了改进的阻尼最小二乘可行方向法的二维电测深反演方法。同时,为了克服反演参数多、反演时间长的困难,本文使用了对反演参数进行抽样反演的方法,大大减少了反演参数。然后,采用拉格朗日插值法求出反演界面。最后,将以上方法用于二维起伏基底的电测深资料反演中。  相似文献   

Research on Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics ofStructures Supported on Slide-Limited Friction Base Isolation System     

Fan Jian Tang Jiaxiang Department of Civil Engineering  Huazhong University of Science  Technology  Wuhan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(4)

lNTRODUCTlONBase iso1ation is regarded as a practical and economicalway to protect structures from damages subjected to earth-quake motion. Isolators implemented between the base raft ofthe structure and foundation can dissipate and absorb earth-quake energy, and reduce obviously the transmission of groundmotion to structure. In short, the principle of base isolation in-cludes two factors: (i) The natural period of structures withfixed base is usually 0. 2-- l. 2 s, close to the natural pe…  相似文献   

GPS／INS组合系统的工作原理及其在航空遥感中的应用现状     

吴俊  许斌 《测绘科学与工程》2006,26(1):12-14,19

GPS／INS组合系统应用于航空摄影测量时可以直接给出相机曝光瞬间的外方位元素，从而部分乃至全部地摆脱传统摄影测量对地面控制点的依赖。本文主要介绍GPS／INS组合系统的工作原理及特点，以及GPS／INS组合系统辅助航空摄影测量与遥感的国内外应用现状。  相似文献