西南岩溶区生态环境可持续发展的生态足迹分析——以广西为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张燕  吴玉鸣 《冰川冻土》2006,28(2):293-298

生态足迹是一种度量可持续发展程度的方法,能定量判断一个区域生态环境的发展是否处于生态承载能力的范围内.以西南岩溶地广西为例,采用生态足迹的理论和方法对2004年广西区域生态足迹状况进行了测算和实证分析,并与2003年进行了比较.结果表明:广西人均生态足迹由2003年的1.1378 hm2上升到2004年的1.2239 hm2;人均生态承载力由2003年的0.5753 hm2下降到2004年的0.5736 hm2,广西经济社会活动对生态环境的需求强度已经超过了生态承载力的供给;人均生态赤字由2003年的0.5625 hm2增长到2004年的0.6503 hm2,处于不可持续的发展状态.必须采取相应措施,促使广西生态环境发展向良性和可持续方向转化.  相似文献   

植物地境及物种地境稳定层   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

徐恒力  孙自永马瑞 《地球科学》2004,29(2):239-246

植物地境是其生境的重要组成部分.地境结构的系统分析应作为探索植物与其地境生态关系的重要手段之一.植物地境具有鲜明的耗散结构特征, 内部的宏观稳定性和层次性是适应外界环境的自组织结果, 并与植物根群的“层片”结构相契合.每一“层片”代表一个特定的地下小环境.若地境具有多个“层片”, 说明该地境拥有可被多种植物利用的多样小环境.根群作为根系的主功能区, 是联系植物与地境的纽带.与植物的根系相比, 根群的“层片”现象更清晰.通过根群的“层片”, 不同植物实现资源分割, 避免过激竞争, 能够长期共存.基于地境耗散结构特征分析和各物种根群所处深度范围的统计结果, 首次建立了物种地境稳定层的概念.某一物种根群所处的位置即为该物种的地境稳定层.物种地境稳定层可作为地境生态功能分层的基本单位.较之地境全剖面各指标的平均值, 地境稳定层内理化指标组态更为真实地反映了植物生存的地下环境, 可用以确定物种的生存域; 不同植物的生理和生活习性是对其稳定层内指标组态量值及动态变化规律的一种响应; 地境所能提供的稳定层的多寡及组态对地表植物群落的结构具有一定的控制作用; 地境稳定层的消失和产生, 可导致对应物种的消亡和入侵, 造成植物群落的演替.   相似文献   

围岩稳定分析的熵突变准则研究   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15  

许传华  任青文 《岩土力学》2004,25(3):437-440

地下工程围岩体具有高度的非线性,可以借助当代非线性科学研究和预测它的力学行为。应用耗散结构理论、熵及突变论等非线性科学理论研究岩石非线性稳定问题,揭示了岩体失稳过程和破坏机理,建立了符合实际的岩体破坏分析方法和失稳判据。  相似文献   

耗散结构理论在我国北方农牧交错带人地系统分析中的应用     

宋豫秦  张力小  曹淑艳 《中国沙漠》2000,20(Z1):15-21

在分析了耗散结构形成的条件基础上,首先对我国北方农牧交错带人地系统进行了状态识别,指出:北方农牧交错带的大部分人地系统处于低序的耗散结构状态,有些地区的人地系统已退化到近平衡态线性区;沙漠化的成因是系统封闭和自组织混乱;点状治理有其自身的局限性;沙漠化的逆转也应遵循系统演化的分支理论。最后,指出我国北方农牧交错带的人地系统具有脆弱性、低耗散性和功能性的特点。  相似文献   

磁性矿物还原成岩作用述评   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

刘健 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2000,20(4):103-107

许多海洋－湖泊环境中的沉积物受到还原成岩作用的影响发生磁性颗粒的溶解和自生现象。根据最近二十多年的研究成果,简要介绍了磁性矿物发生还原作用的基本过程、产物和控制因素,成岩作用对沉积物地球化学和磁学特征的改变,成岩自生亚铁磁性铁硫化物的磁学特征以及成岩作用对古地磁和环境磁学记录的影响。  相似文献   

中国乡镇企业新产业区的发展理念与特征分析     

王玉华 《地理与地理信息科学》2000,16(3):43-47

通过对新产业区理论的介绍以及我国发展乡镇企业新产业区所具有的优劣势和特点分析 ,指出乡镇企业新产业区理念的建立与发展 ,既是当前乡镇企业发展的一种新思路与新趋势 ,同时有利于改善乡镇企业分散布局的种种弊端 ,提高乡镇企业的竞争力 ,促进乡镇企业的健康稳定发展。  相似文献   

黄河入海口径流量和输沙量对黄河三角洲生态环境的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

袁祖贵  楚泽涵  杨玉珍 《古地理学报》2006,8(1):125-130

20世纪后期黄河入海口的径流量减少和多次断流。这对流域下游地区的经济发展、尤其是农业产生明显影响。特别应注意的是,与径流量减少的同时,输沙量也明显减少,致使20世纪90年代以来入海口造陆面积锐减,在1996年和1997年甚至造陆停滞、出现海侵。黄河入海口的径流量、输沙量减少可能引发的一系列生态环境问题中,造陆面积的减少和海水的侵入可能关系到黄河三角洲的经济发展前途,近期则危及胜利油田的安全,应引起有关部门的关注。文中还探讨了用地球物理测井方法检测生态环境的变化。  相似文献   

藉物理耗散技术改进强降水数值模拟的初步研究     

刘英  柳崇健  徐辉  赵永明 《高原气象》2006,25(4):651-657

利用PSU/NCAR非静力中尺度模式MM5V3,对影响我国北方一次非汛期突发性强降水过程实例,进行了三重嵌套模式区域采用若干不同降水方案(特别是采用显式微物理方案与积云对流参数化方案若干组合)的对比试验,在揭示物理耗散技术正是通过将模式水平扩散方案纠正到符合热力学第二定律的约束而使该中尺度模式的模拟精度和模拟质量获得明显提高的物理实质的同时,从一个侧面证实了数值模式引入第二定律对提高数值天气预报准确率的重要性。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1984,36(3):376-412

Book Reviewed in this article: Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics . J. O. Ayoade. Conservation and Management of Natural Resources in the United States . Charles F. Bennett. The Keeping of Animals: Adaptation and Social Relations in Livestock Producing Communities . Riva Berleant-Schiller and Eugenia Shanklin, ed. The Evolution of Geographic Thought in America: A Kentucky Root Wilford A. Bladen and Pradyumna P. Karan, eds. Latin America: Geographical Perspectives , 2nd ed. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith, ed. The Rural Real Estate Market. Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 18 . Chris Bryant. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands . R. U. Cooke, D. Brunsden, J. C. Doornkamp, and D. K. C. Jones with contributions by J. Griffiths, P. Knott, R. Potter, and R. Russell. Italian Geography, 1960–1980. Meeting of the Status of the Geographic Research in Italy, 1960–1980. Treated under the auspices of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and organized by Istituto di Geografia Umana della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Giacomo Corna Pellecrini and Carlo Brusa, eds. The Changing Fenland . H. C. Darby. The Future for the City Centre . R. L. Davies and A. G. Champion, eds. Saudi Arabia, Energy, Developmental Planning, and Industrialization . Ragaei El Mallakh, Dorothea H. El Mallakh, eds. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier . Maria Patricia Fernández-Kelly. The Great Lakes Forest: An Environmental and Social History . Susan L. Flader, ed. Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woolen Industry . Derek Gregory Crime in City Politics . Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob and Robert L. Lineberry, eds. Revitalizing Cities . H. Briavel Holcomb and Robert A. Beauregard. Cartographic Relief Presentation . Eduard Imhof. H. J. Steward, Trans. Soviet Union: A Geographical Survey . S. V. Kalesnik and V. F. Pavlenko, ed. Cognition and Environment . Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan. Environmental Protection: The International Dimension . David A. Kay and Harold K. Jacobsen, eds. Mathematical Programming Methods for Geographers and Planners , James Killen. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline: Strategies for America's Older Cities . Michael H. Lang. The North Atlantic Sulphur System . Risto Laulajainen. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, Vol. 2 . Lee I. Levine ed. Jerusalem and Detroit: Recreation Planning and Management . Stanely R. Lieber and Daniel R. Fesenmaier, eds. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada . L. D. McCann, ed. Scarborough Where We Live: The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and St. Paul . Judith A. Martin and David A. Lanegran. California: The Geography of Diversity . Crane S. Miller and Richard S. Hyslop. Palo Alto The Dilemma of Amazonian Development . Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder Nuclear Waste: Socioeconomic Dimensions of Long-Term Storage . Steve H. Murdock, F. Larry Leistritz, and Rita R. Hamm, eds. Boulder Communism and the Politics of Inequalities . Daniel N. Nelson, ed. The Los Angeles Metropolis . Howard J. Nelson. Dubuque An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century . James O'Mara. Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre . East Asia: Geographical and Historical Approaches to Foreign Area Studies . Clifton W. Pannell, ed. Dubuque Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft . W. H. Parker. Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America . Rutherford H. Platt and George Macinko, eds. Recreation Geography of the USSR . V. S. Preobrazhensky and V. M. Krivosheyev, eds. Missouri: A Geography . Milton D. Rafferty The Invisible Farmers: Women in Agricultural Production . Carolyn E. Sachs. Cayman Islands Seashore Vegetation: A Study in Comparative Biogeography . Jonathan D. Sauer. Hillslope Materials and Processes . Michael J. Selby. Housing in Britain: The Post-War Experience . John R. Short The Study of Population: Elements, Patterns and Processes . George A. Schnell and Mark Stephen Monmonier. Columbus The Soviet Union: A Systematic Geography . Leslie Symons, ed. The Ottoman Slave Trade and Its Suppression . Ehud R. Toledano. The Impact of Recession on Industry, Employment and the Regions, 1976–1981 . Alan R. Townsend. Landslides and Their Control , 2nd ed. Quido Záruba and Vojtech Mencl. Translated from the Czech by H. Zárubová and V. Mencl.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1988,40(3):347-378

Books reviewed in this article: The Mexican Colonial Copper Industry. Elinore M. Barrett . The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society . James R. Beniger . Land Degradation and Society . Piers M. Blaikie And Harold C. Brookfield , Eds . La carte, mode d'emploi. Roger Brunet . France: les dynamiques du territoire . Roger Brunet AND Jacques Sallois , EDS. At the Crossroads—The Mineral Problems of the United States . Eugene N. Cameron . A Census of One Billion People , Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census. Li Chengrui , ED. Les Milieux “Naturels” du Globe . Jean Demangeot . The Geophysiology of Amazonia: Vegetation and Climate Interactions : Robert E. Dickinson , ED. Tenn-Tom Country . James F. Doster And David C. Weaver . Family Farming in Europe and America . Boguslaw Galeski And Eugene Wilkening , EDS. The Geography of Urban Transportation . Susan Hanson , Ed. Combating Desertification in Developing Countries . J. K. Jain , ED. Cartography in France—1660–1848. Science, Engineering and Statecraft . Josef W. Konvitz . Distribution of Distances in Pregeographical Space . Hans Kuiper . Physical Geography Lab Manual: A New Experimental Approach . Neal G. Lineback And John M. Harlin . Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation , 2nd ed. Tom L. Mc Knight . The Desert Is No Lady: Southwestern Landscapes in Women's Writing and Art . Vera Norwood And Janice Monk , EDS. France: A Geographical, Social, and Economic Survey . Philippe Pinchemel , translated, by D. Elkins and T. H. Elkins. Gene Banks and the World's Food . Donald L. Plucknett , Nigel J. H. Smith , J. T. Williams , And N. Murthi Anishetty . Latin American Development: Geographical Perspectives . David Preston , Ed. Making Sense of Development: An Introduction to Classical and Contemporary Theories of Development and Their Application to Southeast Asia . P. W. Preston . The History of the Countryside. Oliver Rackham . The Third World in Perspective . H. A. Reitsma AND J. M. G. Kleinpenning . The Industrial Geography of Australia . David C. Rich . The Recruiting Game , 2nd Ed., revised. John F. Rooney , JR. A Cultural Geography of North American Indians . Thomas E. Ross AND Tyrel G. Moore , EDS. Eastern Europe . Dean S. Rugg . Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History . Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography: 7. Robert David Sack . Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology . Stanley A. Schumm , M. Paul Mosley , AND William E. Weaver . The New Urban Landscape . David Schuyler . Atlas of American Women . Barbara Gimla Shortridge . Impacts of Hazardous Technology: The Psycho-Social Effects of Restarting TMI-1 . John Sorensen , Jon Soderstrom , Emily Copenhaver , Sam Carnes AND Robert Bolin . Modern Physical Geography , 3rd Ed., (Third Edition). Arthur N. Strahler AND Alan H. Strahler . India: Economic Resource Base and Contemporary Political Patterns . B. L. Sukhwal .  相似文献