大连滨海湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

姜玲玲  熊德琪  张新宇  张弘 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(4)

以2000年和2006年TM卫星影像为主要数据源,配合其它非遥感数据,在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下,运用景观生态学原理,选取反映景观空间结构和景观异质性的指数,对大连地区湿地的整体景观格局和类型景观格局及其动态变化进行定量分析.结果表明:6年间,大连湿地面积减少了97.62 km2;整体景观多样性指数和均匀度指数降低,优势度指数增加;各类景观格局时间序列上也存在明显差异性变化.湿地景观格局指数的变化, 反映了移山填海工业园区的扩大及养殖业的大力发展等人为活动对景观格局的深刻影响.人为活动已成为大连市湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动因子.  相似文献   

鱼耳石中锶和钡富集的影响因素及其环境响应   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

罗军燕  李胜荣  申俊峰 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):18

鱼耳石中元素锶和钡主要来源于鱼类生存的水体,这两种元素通过腮或肠进入内耳淋巴液,继而以类质同象的方式沉淀在耳石晶格内部空位和晶格间隙中。耳石结晶沉淀的整个过程不仅受生物的调控作用,而且还受到外界环境,如水体元素浓度、盐度、温度等因素的影响,因此耳石中某种元素的浓度与其在水体中的浓度之比(元素富集系数)与鱼类所生存的环境之间具有一定的响应关系。在以上各种因素中,水体元素浓度对耳石元素富集系数的影响最为显著。一般来说,耳石中某种元素的含量与水体中相应的元素浓度呈正相关关系,而水体中元素之间就耳石中的富集过程也存在一定的相互促进或抑制作用,如Sr对Ba为协同作用,Ca对Sr、Zn为拮抗作用。另外,水体盐度或温度与元素富集系数之间不存在简单的线性相关关系,而是因鱼种、水体综合环境及元素种类不同而有所差异。研究结果表明:鱼种一定的情况下,耳石中元素富集系数与水体盐度和温度存在良好相关关系。基于以上相关性分析,可以认为耳石中元素富集系数与环境因子(水体元素浓度、盐度、温度)之间存在响应关系。因此,可以选用那些受环境影响大但对自身调控影响小的元素(如:Sr、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ba、Fe、Li、Ni、Cd)来建立耳石与水体环境之间元素富集系数的定量化模型,并利用这种响应关系及定量化模型进行生态环境监测和渔业管理。  相似文献   

Earthquake rupture complexity due to dynamic nucleation and interaction of subsidiary faults     

Teruo Yamashita  Yasuhiro Umeda 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1994,143(1-3):89-116

We numerically study the dynamic interaction of propagating cracks. It is assumed that propagating cracks can nucleate and drive subsidiary cracks because of shear strain enhancement near the propagating crack tips. The critical strain fracture criterion is assumed in the analysis. Intense interaction is expected to occur among the cracks. All the cracks are assumed to be parallel and antiplane strain deformation is assumed in the computation.In the interaction of two non-coplanar cracks, a strain shadow is formed in the neighborhood of each crack because of the strain release by the introduction of the crack. The growth of each crack is accelerated when the propagating tips of each crack are outside of the strain shadow of the other crack. In general, the crack tips enter the strain shadow, and the crack tips decelerate. The calculation shows that only one of the two cracks can continue to grow, and the other's growth is decelerated and arrested. If we can assume that the suite of cracks interact in a pairwise manner only, then this may suggest that only a limited number of cracks can continue to grow during the final stage of the rupture process. Hence the crack interaction causes complexity in dynamic earthquake faulting. The concepts of barrier and asperity have been employed by many researchers for the interpretation of complex seismic wave data. However, the physical realities of such concepts are obscure. Our calculations show that dynamic crack interactions can produce barriers and asperities in some cases; the crack tip deceleration or arrest due to the interactions among non-coplanar cracks can be interpreted as being due to a barrier. The dynamic coalescence among the coplanar cracks can be regarded as an asperity.Umeda found a localized area that strongly radiates high-frequency seismic waves in the epicentral areas of some large shallow earthquakes. He defined this as an earthquake bright spot. Our analysis implies that only a limited number of cracks continue to grow when many interactive cracks nucleate, and that all other cracks stop extending soon after nucleation. Hence, if the nucleation and termination of several cracks occur in a localized area, it will be observed seismologically as an earthquake bright spot. This is because it is theoretically known that the sudden termination of crack growth and dynamic crack coalescence efficiently emits high-frequency elastic waves.  相似文献   

热液成矿作用的地质地球化学动力学——以胶东牟平-乳山金矿带为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵伦山  高大忠  李嘉 《地球科学》1994,3(3)

通过对胶东牟平—乳山热液脉状金,铅锌矿床成矿动力学控制规律的研究,说明了建立热液成矿反应体系的方法,并得出以下认识:（1）区域断裂构造活动,通过影响成矿反应体系的热力学性质和条件,控制元素的富集和分散。（2）热液成矿过程中容矿断裂活动可划分为两种作用方式:脆性破裂和韧—脆性张开,构成热液成矿的两种构造动力学环境。（3）热液成矿反应体系是一种开放的动态的热力学体系。断裂的脆性破裂阶段,使体系处于强烈的过饱和状态,矿质在远离平衡状态下快速结晶,加剧物质分异;在脆—韧性张开阶段,矿质在接近平衡态体系中缓慢晶出。（4）热液演化晚期,金在残余溶液中富集;当断裂再次发生构造脉动震颤时,早期形成的块状黄铁矿矿石碎裂,富金溶液充填其中,形成含裂隙金和晶隙金的富矿石。成矿体系热力学演化与构造动力学条件有利的匹配控制着富矿石的形成。  相似文献   

鲁23井“动水位”观测的分析     

张昭栋  邹泉生 《地震》1993,(2):61-66

本文介绍了鲁23井“动水位”观测情况。提出了一个分析有泄流的“动水位”的新方法,即把流量换算成水位,以等效静水位来表示“动水位”与流量。由于把“动水位”与流量用一个量来计算,从而为“动水位”观测定量的、统一的分析研究提供了新的方法。这对提高“动水位”井的监测预报地震能力起一定的作用。 本文还以鲁23井“动水位”观测资料为例,利用新方法进行处理的观测分析结果与理论研究结果是一致的。  相似文献   

Characterizing heterogeneous permeable media with spatial statistics and tracer data using sequential simulated annealing     

Akhil Datta-Gupta  Larry W. Lake  Gary A. Pope 《Mathematical Geology》1995,27(6):763-787

Characterizing heterogeneous permeable media using flow and transport data typically requires solution of an inverse problem. Such inverse problems are intensive computationally and may involve iterative procedures requiring many forward simulations of the flow and transport problem. Previous attempts have been limited mostly to flow data such as pressure transient (interference) tests using multiple observation wells. This paper discusses an approach to generating stochastic permeability fields conditioned to geologic data in the form of a vertical variogram derived from cores and logs as well as fluid flow and transport data, such as tracer concentration history, by sequential application of simulated annealing (SA). Thus, the method incorporates elements of geostatistics within the framework of inverse modeling. For tracer-transport calculations, we have used a semianalytic transit-time algorithm which is fast, accurate, and free of numerical dispersion. For steady velocity fields, we introduce a transit-time function which demonstrates the relative importance of data from different sources. The approach is illustrated by application to a set of spatial permeability measurements and tracer data from an experiment in the Antolini Sandstone, an eolian outcrop from northern Arizona. The results clearly reveal the importance of tracer data in reproducing the correlated features (channels) of the permeability field and the scale effects of heterogeneity.  相似文献   

Effects of dynamic shear strength and time-histories stress analysis on newmark sliding block analyses     

LI Hong-jun  CHI Shi-chun  LIN Gao 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z1):1063-1068

A simplified procedure for evaluating aseismic stability of slope subjected to earthquake shaking, in which the effect of dynamic shear strength and time-history stress on the yielding angular acceleration of sliding block is taken into account, is presented. The fundamental feature of this procedure is the dynamic shear strength. The numerical computations are performed by using the proposed method. It is shown that the computed sliding displacement for a given core dam, with either method of dynamic shear strength properly considered, is more rational compared with the conventional computational results based on static shear strength.  相似文献   

林草复合经营模式养分动态关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王海明  李贤伟  陈治谏  王海娥 《山地学报》2006,24(2):156-160

林草复合经营模式在目前的退耕还林工程中起着重要的作用，研究林草复合模式的林与草之间的营养元素关系，通过对不同林草养分的研究得出林木、草、土壤之间的养分动态关系，对矿质养分相互关系的研究为合理搭配林草提供重要依据，为退化山地生态系统的恢复和重建提供重要的模式。模式Ⅰ在退耕还林初期，土壤养分供给氮素虽未亏缺，但从三者问的消长关系看出：氮磷素供应并不富足，特别是水解性氮。土壤交换性钙供应不足，引起杉木与黑麦草对钙质竞争。而土壤全钙含量很高，钙质向交换性钙转化的速度缓慢。模式Ⅱ与模式Ⅰ得到相似结果，所以在这两种模式中应加强人为管理，在退耕初期应适当增施氮磷钙肥，辅以土壤结构改良，加速土壤养分向植物可利用态转化。模式Ⅲ牛鞭草的生物量极高，磷、钙索相对缺乏。由于牛鞭草被不断的采割用于牲畜的饲料，对该模式中必须进行一定养分的输入，以保持杂交竹与牛鞭草这一林草生态系统的养分平衡。  相似文献   

1993～2003年厦门市湿地动态变化及其驱动因素分析   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

林巧莺  林广发  陈志鸿  杨陈照  游丽平 《湿地科学》2006,4(4):298-303

通过对厦门市1993年TM遥感影像和2003年ETM 遥感影像的解译分析和数据统计,从湿地面积动态变化和湿地消长情况等方面,用单一土地利用动态度等指标对1993~2003年期间厦门市的湿地变化进行了研究。结果表明,1993~2003年期间厦门市天然湿地面积减少了2103hm2,其中有954hm2(滩涂864hm2)转变为非湿地,有1149hm2转变为人工湿地;而人工湿地面积增加了2775hm2,其中养殖场面积从1993年的5778hm2迅猛增加到2003年的9768hm2,年均增长率为6.91%,水库与水塘和盐田则分别减少了961hm2和254hm2。有27.74%、11.41%、9.33%和3.63%的养殖场面积分别是由非湿地、滩涂、盐田和水库与水塘转变而来的;有54.37%的盐田转变成了养殖场,有33.24%、30.24%的红树林转变为非湿地、养殖场,有10.35%、8.64%的滩涂转变为养殖场、非湿地。对社会经济驱动因素的分析表明,经济发展、人口增长和农业生产比较利益因素极大影响着厦门市湿地的动态变化。  相似文献   

高新技术产业集聚的城市化响应与反馈机制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毛广雄 《世界地理研究》2006,15(1):9-15

高新技术产业集聚与城市化存在互动机制。一方面,高新技术产业结构效应影响了城市化动力机制,集聚效应则促进了城市外部经济的发展,使城市化表现出不同的模式特征和地域特征;另一方面,城市化促进了高新技术发展所需要素资源的聚集与流动,为高新技术产业集聚提供人力资本保障,还为高新技术企业提供创新的源动力。文章以苏州高新区的高新技术产业发展和城市化互动关系佐证了这一理论,并认为建立二者之间切实可行的调控模式是当务之急。  相似文献