A New Formation Mechanism of Coesite without the Plate Deeply-Subduction and Fast-Exhumation——Comment on the Article “Discussion on Some Problems of Quartz-Coesite Phase Transition”     

SU Wenhui  XU Dapeng 《地质论评》2012,58(2)

本文分析评论了嵇少丞等(2010)发表的“石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题讨论”一文.指出他们对柯石英非俯冲折返新机制的一些误解,对某些热力学、物理学概念,及其在地学问题中的解释理解的不同.分析了机械球磨的作用机制;论证了机械球磨作用本质与构造挤压剪切作用本质的同一性.分析了岩石糜棱岩化过程的两个阶段;讨论了地震波形成柯石英机制的可能性.围绕比较标准问题,论证了高能机械球磨(预处理)能大大降低α-石英转变成柯石英的压力、温度和合成时间,促进柯石英的形成.用小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型解释了人工合成柯石英的规律性、南极洲天然矿物的行为,柯石英的寄生矿物、岩石——锆石、榴辉岩包裹体、非包裹体的形成.列举事例澄清了“球磨引进的Fe杂质提高柯石英形成压力迟缓合成”的说法;讨论了第二相存在对石英—柯石英转变的影响和“应变禁区”边界区的应力梯度相变驱动力可以形成柯石英问题.指出了机械球磨石英原料预处理和静高压合成柯石英后处理两步法,是一种实验室研究柯石英形成规律的有效物理方法;小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型和无需板块深俯冲快折返的柯石英形成机制,是一种有希望的柯石英形成新机制.  相似文献   

利用蒙特卡罗方法的剩余静校正及其应用     

陈枫  王彦春  王海泉  段云卿  王娜 《物探与化探》2012,36(4):628-632

针对剩余静校正问题,讨论了统计方法中的蒙特卡罗法用于反射波能量最大化剩余静校正的方法。分别论述了反射波叠加能量最大化法和蒙特卡罗方法,以及蒙特卡罗方法如何应用于剩余静校正的计算中,并用实例说明了该方法的效果。通过实际应用蒙特卡罗剩余静校正方法,解决了经野外静校正后残留的剩余静校正问题,并通过与其他剩余静校正方法的实际应用对比,说明了蒙特卡罗剩余静校正方法的优势。对于大剩余量的静校正问题,蒙特卡罗剩余静校正方法仍然可以很好的解决,并且不会产生串相位问题,说明蒙特卡罗剩余静校正方法是可靠的。  相似文献   

上海地源热泵系统对地质环境的热影响分析     

高世轩 《上海国土资源》2012,33(1):67-70

根据地源热泵工程试验场两年监测数据,分析了地下换热区地温场分布特征以及地源热泵系统短期运行对地质环境的热影响效应。换热区地温场分布主要受气温、建筑冷热负荷、原始地温、岩土导热系数、与换热孔距离等因素影响。在吸排热比基本平衡的条件下,地源热泵系统对地质环境的热影响较小。选择合理的埋管间距,充分利用地源热泵的热回收功能,采用冷却塔—地埋管、地表水—地埋管等复合系统,有助于消除吸排热比不平衡现象。  相似文献   

黄河源高寒草原下垫面土壤冻融过程中陆-气间的水热交换特征分析     

武月月  文军  王作亮  贾东于  刘闻慧  蒋雨芹  陆宣承 《高原气象》2022,(1):132-142

高寒草原水热交换的季节性特征显著,土壤冻融过程对地-气水热交换有着重要的影响.本文利用黄河源区汤岔玛小流域2014年5月至2015年5月陆面过程观测数据,将土壤冻融过程划分为完全融化(TT)和完全冻结(FF)两种状态与融冻(T-F)和冻融(F-T)两个过程,并分析了期间高寒草原下垫面净辐射、感热通量、潜热通量和地表热通...  相似文献   

北京密云地区辐射与能量平衡特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘寿东  王秀丽  王咏薇  徐自为  杨澄  唐玉琪 《高原气象》2011,30(4):996-1004

利用北京密云站2007年1,4,8和10月辐射及湍流通量观测资料,分析了农林混合非均匀下垫面晴天、阴天条件下的辐射平衡、反照率及能量平衡特征。结果表明：（1）1,4,8和10月能量平衡闭合度（OLS方法）分别为82%,97%,72%和83%,总体闭合度为76%,数据质量较好;（2）晴天向上长波辐射1,4,8和10月平均...  相似文献   

Development of a new rubber seismic isolator: ‘Ball Rubber Bearing (BRB)’     

C. Ozkaya  U. Akyuz  A. Caner  M. Dicleli  S. Pınarbası 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(12):1337-1352

This paper presents an experimental research aimed at developing a new rubber‐based seismic isolator called ‘Ball Rubber Bearing (BRB)’. The BRB is composed of a conventional steel‐reinforced multi‐layered rubber bearing with its central hole filled with small diameter steel balls that are used to provide energy dissipation capacity through friction. A large set of BRBs with different geometrical and material properties are manufactured and tested under reversed cyclic horizontal loading at different vertical compressive load levels. Extensive test results indicate that steel balls do not only increase the energy dissipation capacity of the elastomeric bearing (EB), but also increase its horizontal and vertical stiffness. It is also observed that the energy dissipation capacity of a BRB does not degrade as the number of loading cycles increases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Carbon fluxes from eroding peatlands – the carbon benefit of revegetation following wildfire     

F. Worrall  M. G. Evans  R. Pawson  S. Daniels  A. Bonn 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(11):1487-1498

Peatlands are among the largest long‐term soil carbon stores, but their degradation can lead to significant carbon losses. This study considers the carbon budget of peat‐covered sites after restoration, following degradation by past wildfires. The study measured the carbon budget of eight sites: four restored‐revegetated sites, two unrestored bare soil control sites, and two intact vegetated controls over two years (2006–2008). The study considered the following flux pathways: dissolved organic carbon (DOC); particulate organic carbon (POC); dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂); primary productivity; net ecosystem respiration, and methane (CH₄). The study shows that unrestored, bare peat sites can have significant carbon losses as high as 522 ± 3 tonnes C/km²/yr. Most sites showed improved carbon budgets (decreased source and/or increased sink of carbon) after restoration; this improvement was mainly in the form of a reduction in the size of the net carbon source, but for one restored site the measured carbon budget after four years of restoration was greater than observed for vegetated controls. The carbon sequestration benefit of peatland restoration would range between 122 and 833 tonnes C/km²/yr. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismostratigraphic analysis with centennial to decadal time resolution of the sediment sink in the Ganges-Brahmaputra subaqueous delta     

Luisa Palamenghi  Tilmann SchwenkVolkhard Spiess  Hermann R. Kudrass 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(6):712-730

The deltas of large rivers have become the focus of many research studies due to their vulnerability in times of expected sea level rise. One major delta in peril is the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (Bangladesh) due to its low elevation and high subsidence rate. In this study, high-resolution seismic and sediment echosounder data of the subaqueous part of the delta are analyzed by an integrated seismo-acoustic stratigraphic approach.Transparent Units (TUs) are the most prominent, continuously traceable architectural elements within the sigmoidal clinoform. TUs consist of homogenized sediments and are interpreted to be formed by liquefaction flows generated by subduction-related earthquakes of the nearby plate-boundary. The uppermost TUs are related to the historical well known major earthquakes which occurred in 1762, 1897 and 1950. Using the TUs as time marks the mean annual storage rates for the intervals could be assessed. A direct comparison of echosounder data gathered in 1994, 1997 and 2006 is used as another method to estimate the last decade mean annual storage rate.In general, the averaged decadal to centennial mean annual storage rates in the foreset beds have significantly decreased within the last ∼300 years from 22% to 18% and down to 13.8% of the present total annual fluviatile suspension supply to the delta (10⁹ t a⁻¹). This decrease, however, is not evenly distributed along the foreset beds. In the western clinoform mean annual storage rates slightly decreased during the last ∼300 years, whereas in the eastern clinoform the mean annual storage rate of the last decade is one-third of the initial value in the late eighteenth century.The variation of clinoform slope angles generally coincides with the local accumulation rates but a variable degree of asymmetry gives some new insights in the future trend of the subaqueous delta development. The sink of sediment in the western clinoform depocentre landward of the inflection point, where shape changes from convex to concave, is producing an increase in concavity.The decline in monsoon precipitation over the last centuries is assumed to have significantly contributed to the decreased mean annual storage rate in the eastern clinoform where the convexity of the clinoform increases seaward of the inflection point. It is very likely that the whole depocentre of the fluvial sediment load is shifting toward the western subaqueous delta and to the Swatch of No Ground Canyon and, thereby, increasing the export to the deep-sea fan.  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土框架结构耗能分析     

叶献国  许政  常磊 《震灾防御技术》2011,6(4):448-453

本文从能量的观点,利用CANNY程序对普通钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了分析.通过对3种不同框架结构在不同地震动(31条)输入下的能量反应分析,研究了滞回耗能及阻尼耗能与总输入能的关系.针对本文模型的计算结果,给出了滞回耗能与总输入能关系的表达式,并初步探讨了其影响系数.研究表明,滞回耗能及阻尼耗能与总输入能之间有良好的线性关系.  相似文献   

结构-地基体系水平与扭转位移耦合效应研究     

姜南  赵慧芳 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(5):142-148

采用动力理论对地基-结构非线性相互作用体系的振动方程进行了定性分析.基于多线性随动强化模型,采用非线性有限元法求解了基础和地基土之间的水平刚度与摇摆刚度,建立了结构-地基非线性相互作用体系的力学模型.利用拉格朗日能量法推导了结构水平位移和扭转相耦合的振动方程.采用多尺度法研究了结构-地基相互作用体系的主共振.通过分析不...  相似文献