Geochemical characterization of Cretaceous sandstones from the Southern Benue Trough,Nigeria     

Odigi M.I.  Amajor L.C. 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(1):44-54

Geochemical studies of sandstones from the three lithostratigraphic successions in the southern Benue Trough of Nigeria were undertaken for a geochemical characterization of the sandstones, and to assess their strati-graphic and source evolution.Major and trace elements data were obtained from outcrop sandstone samples. The SIO2/Al2O2, Fe2O3/K2O ra-tios and CaO contents have been used to characterize the Cretaceous sandstones into Al-rich and high and low Fe2O3/K2O ratio sandstones. Results indicate that there are geochemical features that display stratigraphic trends across the succession from the Asu River Group, Eze-Aku Group to the proto-Niger Delta succession which may imply a discontinuous evolution from different source terrains of Precambrian and Mesozoic ages that supplied the sediments. The Asu River Group sandstones have lower SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and higher MgO; the Eze-Aku sand-stones have higher TiO2, CaO, alkalis and lower MgO while the proto-Niger Delta sandstones have higher SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and lower alkalis and CaO. These discontinuities signify the influence of tectonic impulses that af-fected the southern Benue Trough during the Cretaceous time. Changes in ratios of TiO2/Al2O3, Fe2O3, Cr and Zr suggest an increasingly mafic contribution to the depositional basin with time. The chemical index of alteration in-creases with time, possibly suggesting that a more intense weathering regime in the hinterland developed with time.  相似文献   

奥里诺科重油带MPE-3区块Oficina组辫状河三角洲沉积相定量刻画     

林承焰  程盼  任丽华  张静  李宗奇  刘书亭  黄文松 《沉积学报》2019,37(3):610-622

委内瑞拉盆地奥里诺科重油带MPE-3区块Oficina组辫状河三角洲沉积相定量刻画难度大,是制约该区块水平井高效开发的关键地质因素。在区域沉积背景研究的基础上,利用岩芯描述和分析化验资料,确定该地区为辫状河三角洲沉积,区内主要发育辫状河三角洲平原和三角洲前缘亚相,心滩、复合心滩坝、辫状河道、决口扇/溢岸、泛滥平原、水下分流河道、分流间湾、席状砂和潮汐砂坝等微相。综合利用地震和测井资料、现代沉积测量类比和经验公式等三种方法,实现了研究区主要沉积微相的定量刻画,认为辫状河河道带宽度介于1~5 km,水下分流河道宽度在1 km左右,建立了心滩宽与心滩长、心滩宽与辫状河道宽度、水下分流河道单河道宽度与深度之间关系的经验公式,进一步阐明了Oficina组沉积时期辫状河三角洲沉积演化规律,为提高研究区超重油油藏采出程度提供了重要地质依据。  相似文献   

基于微米CT页岩微裂缝表征方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苟启洋  徐尚  郝芳  杨峰  王雨轩  陆扬博  张爱华  程璇  青加伟  高梦天 《地质学报》2019,93(9):2372-2382

页岩储层中的微裂缝是页岩气的储集空间,也是页岩气运移、散失的重要通道。通过微米CT扫描、场发射扫描电镜(FE- SEM)和岩芯观测等手段,明确了焦石坝地区JYA井龙马溪组页岩微裂缝结构特征,对比了微裂缝在不同条件下(地表或地层)的张开度及其对页岩渗透率的贡献,初步探讨了微裂缝对页岩纳米孔隙保存的影响。结果表明：① 基于微米CT可将页岩样品分为基质组分、高密度矿物(如黄铁矿)及裂缝三个部分,其体积比分别为97. 88%、0. 88%和1. 24%;② 微裂缝在空间上主要呈孤立状、细长条状或锯齿弯曲状,其长度分布范围为3. 4~299μm,以3. 4~20μm为主,平均为12. 44μm;③ 微裂缝在地层中的张开度约为2. 2~30. 33μm,平均为3. 97μm,相对于地表张开度(平均为6. 24μm)降低了36. 38%。尽管这部分微裂缝体积仅占页岩样品总体积的0. 7%,却提供了页岩储层中70%以上的渗透率。笔者认为JYA井龙马溪组页岩内部大量发育的网状结构微裂缝是页岩气沿着“孔隙—微裂缝—宏观裂缝”路径发生强烈“解吸—运移—逸散”作用的重要通道,进而导致孔隙因流体压力降低而压缩变形和闭合,不利于纳米孔隙的保存,这对于研究微裂缝在页岩储层中主要为储集空间或逸散通道具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

基于扫描电镜和JMicroVision图像分析软件的泥页岩孔隙结构表征研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

戚明辉  李君军  曹茜 《岩矿测试》2019,38(3):260-269

孔隙发育特征是泥页岩储集能力评价的关键参数之一。扫描电镜观察法已普遍用于描述泥页岩的孔隙发育特征,但是目前文献中对泥页岩微孔隙类型划分比较混乱,孔隙结构特征参数的表征以定性描述为主,缺乏定量表征手段。本文选取了18个泥页岩样品为研究对象,通过氩离子抛光和高分辨率扫描电子显微镜图像观察,基于孔隙发育形态、位置及成因,对样品中不同孔隙进行类型划分;结合JMicroVision图像分析软件,应用泥页岩微孔隙描述技术和孔隙尺度分类统计技术,统计不同类型孔隙发育数量、孔径大小、面孔率、形状系数、概率熵等参数,对其分布特征进行评价。研究表明,晶(粒)间孔隙和有机孔隙比较发育,其次为晶(粒)内孔和晶间隙。不同类型孔隙其孔径分布以纳米级为主,不同类型孔隙分布较无序,其概率熵主要分布在0.5～0.7之间,对应的形状系数分布差异也较大。有机质孔隙的形状系数主要分布在0.6～0.7范围内,形状分布以椭圆形或近似圆形为主,晶(粒)间孔隙和晶(粒)内孔隙的形状系数主要分布在0.3～0.7,分析晶(粒)间孔隙和晶(粒)内孔隙形状系数分布特征主要是受原始孔隙形态、压实作用和溶蚀作用的影响。研究认为,SEM与JMicroVision相结合是定量研究不同类型微孔发育特征的有效手段,为研究微孔的形成和演化奠定了基础。  相似文献   

新疆额尔齐斯河边滩砾石定向性特征及其意义^*     

黄远光  张昌民  丁雲  王绪龙  瞿建华  胡慧  安志渊 《古地理学报》2018,20(2):263-270

综合运用玫瑰图以及Curray的计算方法,对额尔齐斯河某处边滩上的20个观测点的砾石定向性进行了研究。结果表明,研究区砾石长轴存在定向排列且最优方向和河流流向平行,但是砾石定向性特征还和其他因素有关。颗粒支撑方式对砾石定向性有一定影响,多级颗粒支撑的砾石定向性最好,其次是颗粒支撑的砾石。水动力强弱会影响砾石定向排列,当水动力比较弱时,砾石在流水作用下以滚动的方式被搬运,砾石长轴和河流流向垂直;水动力比较强时,砾石在流水作用下以跳跃方式被搬运并且长轴和流向平行,在这种情况下其所受阻力最小,能够保持稳定状态。砾石粒径也会影响砾石定向性,在水动力比较弱时,小砾石(粒径小于2cm)长轴和河流流向垂直,大砾石(粒径大于2cm)和河流流向平行;但是当水动力较强时,砾石粒径大小对颗粒定向性特征的影响就可以忽略不计。因此运用砾石长轴来判断古流向时,要综合考虑研究区的古气候、沉积时的水动力等其他因素,然后确定河流流向和砾石长轴的关系,最后再确定研究区的古流向。  相似文献   

Deepwater Turbidite Lobe Deposits: A Review of the Research Frontiers     

ZHANG Leifu  PAN Mao  WANG Hongliang 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):283-300

Deepwater/deep-marine turbidite lobes are the most distal part of a siliciclastic depositional system and hold the largest sediment accumulation on the seafloor. As many giant hydrocarbon provinces have been discovered within deepwater lobe deposits, they represent one of the most promising exploration targets for hydrocarbon industry. Deepwater exploration is characterized by high cost, high risk but insufficient data because of the deep/ultra–deepwater depth. A thorough understanding of the deepwater turbidite lobe architecture, hierarchy, stacking pattern and internal facies distribution is thus vital. Recently, detailed outcrop characterizations and high–resolution seismic studies have both revealed that the deepwater lobe deposits are characterized into four–fold hierarchical arrangements from "beds", to "lobe elements", to "lobes" and to "lobe complex". Quantitative compilations have shown that hierarchical components of lobe deposits have similar length to width ratios but different width to thickness ratios depending on different turbidite systems. At all hierarchical scales, sand–prone hierarchical lobe units are always separated by mud–prone bounding units except when the bounding units are eroded by their overlying lobe units thus giving rise to vertical amalgamation and connectivity. Amalgamations often occur at more proximal regions suggesting high flow energy. A mixed flow behavior may occur towards more distal regions, resulting in deposition of "hybrid event beds". These synthesized findings could(1) help understand the lobe reservoir distribution and compartmentalization therefore benefit the exploration and development of turbidite lobes within the deep marine basins(e.g. South China Sea) and(2) provide rules and quantitative constraints on reservoir modeling. In addition, the findings associated with deepwater turbidite lobes might be a good starting point to understand the sedimentology, architecture and hierarchy of turbidites in deep lacustrine environment.  相似文献   

一株许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)肠道乳酸菌的分离鉴定及特性分析     

王腾腾  韦秀梅  常城  韩慧宗  姜海滨 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(1):94-100

为筛选具有广谱抑菌活性的乳酸菌用于微生态制剂开发,本研究自野生许氏平鲉肠道内共分离出35株细菌,从中筛选出1株乳酸菌YH1,其革兰氏染色呈阳性,且可发酵脱脂乳产生凝固、无气泡、呈酸性现象,基于形态学观察、生理生化和16S rDNA序列鉴定乳酸菌YH1为食窦魏斯氏菌。分析了酸碱度、温度和NaCl含量对食窦魏斯氏菌YH1生长的影响;选取金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌、鳗弧菌、假交替单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌等多种病原指示菌,以琼脂扩散法测定YH1培养12h产物的抑菌活性;并采用肌肉注射和腹腔注射两种方式对YH1的动物安全性进行检测。实验结果显示,食窦魏斯氏菌YH1适宜的生长条件为pH5.7—8.8、温度20—40oC,最适生长条件为pH7.2—8.4,温度35oC,在MRS培养基中添加NaCl会抑制YH1的生长;食窦魏斯氏菌YH1的无菌培养产物可显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌、鳗弧菌、假交替单胞菌、哈维氏弧菌等病原指示菌的生长;食窦魏斯氏菌YH1在10~8CFU/m L及以下浓度对许氏平鲉是相对安全的。以上研究表明了食窦魏斯氏菌YH1具有广谱抑菌性和动物安全性,为其应用于水产养殖业奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

A three-dimensional high-resolution reservoir model of the Eocene Shahejie Formation in Bohai Bay Basin,integrating stratigraphic forward modeling and geostatistics     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Reservoir characterization based on geostatistics method requires well constraints (e.g. seismic data with high quality) to predict inter-well reservoir quality that is conformed to geological laws. Nevertheless, the resolution of seismic data in multiple basins or reservoirs is not high enough to recognize the distribution of different types of sand bodies. In this paper, we propose a new method to improve the precision of reservoir characterization: reservoir modeling with the constrains of sedimentary process model and sedimentary microfacies. We employed stratigraphic forward modeling, a process-based method, to constrain the reservoir modeling in one oil-bearing interval of the third member of Eocene Shahejie Formation in J-Oilfield of Liaoxi Sag, Bohai Bay Basin.We divide reservoir modeling into two orders using different types of constrains. In the first order, we use the simulated shale model from stratigraphic forward model that is corrected by wells data as a 3D trend volume to constrain the reservoir sand-shale modeling. In the second order, different types of sedimentary microfacies in the sandy part of the model are further recognized and simulated within the constrains of sedimentary microfacies maps. Consequently, the porosity, permeability and oil saturation are modeled under the control of precise sedimentary microfacies model. The high-resolution reservoir model shows that the porosity, permeability and oil saturation of distributary channel is generally above 20%, 10md and 50%, respectively, which are much higher than that of other types of sedimentary microfacies. It can be concluded that comparing to other types of sedimentary facies, distributary channel has better physical properties and more oil accumulation in the fan-delta front and therefore is the most favorable zones for petroleum development in the research area.  相似文献   

Seismic inversion as a predictive tool for porosity and facies delineation in Paleocene fluvial/lacustrine reservoirs,Melut Basin,Sudan     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Melut Basin is a rift basin in the interior Sudan linked to the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Central and Western African Rift System. The Paleocene Yabus Formation is the main reservoir deposited in heterogeneous fluvial/lacustrine environment. Delineation of channel sandstone from shale is a challenge in reservoir exploration and development. We demonstrate a detailed 3D quantitative seismic interpretation approach that integrates petrophysical properties derived from well logs analysis. A porosity transform of acoustic impedance inversion provided a link between elastic and rock properties. Thus, we used seismic porosity to discriminate between different facies with appropriate validation by well logs. At the basin scale, the results revealed lateral and vertical facies heterogeneity in the Melut Basin. Good reservoir quality is observed in the Paleocene Yabus Formation. The sand facies indicated high porosity (20%) corresponding to low acoustic impedance (20000–24000 g ft/(cm3.s)). However, lower quality reservoir is observed in the Cretaceous Melut Formation. The porosity of sand/shale facies is low (5%), corresponding to high acoustic impedance (29000–34000 g ft/(cm3.s)). This suggests that the Yabus Sandstone is potentially forming a better reservoir quality than Melut Formation. At the reservoir scale, we evaluated the facies quality of Yabus Formation subsequences using petrophysical analysis. The subsequences YB1 to YB3, YB4 to YB7 and YB8 to YB10 showed relatively similar linear regressions, respectively. The subsequence of YB4 to YB7 is considered the best reservoir with higher porosity (25%). However, subsequence YB1 to YB3 showed lower reservoir quality with higher shale volume (30%). This attributed to floodplain shale deposits in this subsequence. Similarly, the high porosity (20%) recognized in deeper subsequences YB6 to YB9 is due to clean sand facies. We learnt a lesson that appropriate seismic preconditioning, exhaustive petrophysical analysis and well log validation are important keys for improved reservoir quality prediction results in fluvial/lacustrine basins.  相似文献   

高弯度曲流河砂体规模定量表征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王海峰  范廷恩  宋来明  胡光义  梁旭  王帅  刘向南 《沉积学报》2017,35(2):279-289

曲流河砂体储层是重要的陆相碎屑岩储层类型,采用“将今论古”的思路,以一系列现代高弯度曲流河的基础数据分级构建定量知识库,实现对地下砂体规模的定量表征。从曲流河成因和形态方面对定量表征开展可行性分析,在相对平坦的地形条件下,当河流通过增加河道弯度和加长流路来减小河道坡降比以趋于输沙平衡且做功最少,同时堤岸主要由细粒物质组成时,河型向曲流河转化,河道平面几何形态呈正弦派生曲线,在演化过程中河道形态和砂体规模保持良好的规律性;结合储层构型理论的分级表征思路,基于砂体规模的不确定性,通过现代沉积数据选取恰当的置信水平,分级构建多组经验公式,形成高弯度曲流河定量知识库;压实减孔量是沉积物埋藏后体积减小的主要因素,通过去压实校正,建立现代沉积与地下砂体的定量联系,对地下曲流河砂体规模进行原始沉积状态下的定量表征。经实际资料验证,结果客观准确。  相似文献