近50年来北极斯瓦尔巴地区冰川物质平衡变化特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

何海迪  李忠勤  王璞玉  张明军  王林 《冰川冻土》2017,39(4):701-709

利用长时间序列的冰川物质平衡资料,详细分析了北极斯瓦尔巴地区冰川的物质平衡变化特征以及气候因子对物质平衡的影响。结果表明：近50年来斯瓦尔巴地区冰川物质平衡变化主要呈负平衡、零平衡/略微增长两种状态。冰川净平衡一般为负值,年际变化波动幅度较大且呈负平衡趋势,累积物质平衡表现出长期稳定的负平衡增长态势。除Kongsvegen冰川外,其他冰川不存在短期内的平衡波动。季节变化表现为夏季消融、冬季积累,且夏季消融比冬季积累波动更大,冰川净平衡与夏季消融保持同步变化趋势。冰川净平衡与平衡线高度（ELA）呈负相关（平均相关系数为-0.89）,与积累区面积比率（AAR）呈正相关（平均相关系数为0.84）,该地区大多数冰川AAR减小,说明冰川物质补给处于劣势,冰川物质平衡向负平衡发展。夏季气温升高是斯瓦尔巴地区冰川表面物质加速亏损的直接原因。  相似文献   

金融危机下国家大规模投资政策模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙翊  朱艳鑫  王铮 《地理研究》2010,29(5):789-800

构建了一个中国多区域可计算一般均衡模型(MReCGE-C),利用该模型分析了我国应对国际金融危机的大规模投资政策。MReCGE-C根据城乡属性和年龄结构对居民进行了分组,放松了要素流动的限制,使劳动力和资本可以同时跨区域跨部门流动,并设计了一种基于居民终生效用的区域均衡机制,通过区域差距变量可以调控和测度区域差距。最后利用MReCGE-C模型针对国家大规模投资计划下的3种典型投资方案进行了模拟。结果发现在等量新增投资下,针对中部地区投资方案的GDP增长率高于针对中西部和全国投资方案的GDP增长率,同时针对中部地区投资方案对于城乡就业的拉动也要优于其余两种投资方案,而且可以实现缩小区域差距的目标。综合比较,目前国家大规模投资的优势应该指向中部地区。  相似文献   

2009年兰州市九州石峡口滑坡成因及其西侧高边坡稳定性研究          下载免费PDF全文

穆鹏  吴玮江  杨涛 《地震工程学报》2010,32(4):343-348

2009年5月16日兰州市九州石峡口小区西侧山体发生滑坡灾害,造成重大生命和财产损失。本文对石峡口滑坡的特征和成因进行了系统研究,认为滑坡区高陡的地形、不合理的绿化灌溉和不良的岩土体工程地质性质是诱发该滑坡的主要因素。在分析石峡口滑坡成因的基础上对与该滑坡相邻的西侧高边坡进行了稳定性研究,采用有限元强度折减法计算出潜在滑面的位置和稳定系数,并和极限平衡法计算结果做比较,结果表明有限元强度折减法与传统极限平衡法计算的稳定性系数很接近,增强了计算结果的可靠性。  相似文献   

加筋土边坡临界滑动场     

李强  朱大勇 《地震学刊》2010,(4):431-434

在分析加筋土边坡稳定性时,将加筋材料的作用视为施加于滑面上的等效力,建立了满足力平衡的加筋土边坡安全系数的计算格式;将边坡临界滑动场数值模拟方法进行推广,提出了基于力平衡的加筋土边坡临界滑动场计算方法,可以得到形状任意的临界滑动面及边坡最小安全系数。通过算例,比较加筋前后临界滑动面和安全系数的变化,并探讨了加筋水平间距、强度、长度对加筋土边坡稳定性的影响。  相似文献   

水库蓄水过程中堆积体边坡瞬态稳定性分析     

杨继红  王俊梅  董金玉  刘汉东  王四巍 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z1):464-0470

由现场试验结合Fredlund和Xing方法确定了堆积体的非饱和渗透性函数分布曲线。根据概化的地质模型,建立了非饱和渗流分析的有限元模型,模拟得到蓄水过程中不同时刻坡体中孔隙水压力的分布。把暂态孔隙水压力的分布和非饱和土强度理论应用到普遍极限平衡法（GLE）中,进行了库水上升过程中边坡瞬态稳定性分析。结果表明,库水上升过程中,坡体整体稳定性是下降的,而在受库水变动影响的局部区域,其稳定性系数随着库水位的上升表现出先减小后增大的趋势,即存在一个危险水位,在一定条件下,可能会诱发坡体下部局部区域失稳。  相似文献   

考虑土拱效应预应力锚拉桩土压力研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李成芳  叶晓明  李有文 《岩土力学》2011,32(6):1683-1689

针对预应力锚拉桩设计中土压力计算模式存在的问题,借鉴工程设计中的点锚和格构锚原理,提出了一种新的计算方法--基于三维土拱效应的土压力计算模式。利用土条极限平衡原理,推导了作用在桩及挡板上的土压力,建立了表征土压力强度的1阶线性微分方程,得到了沿桩身轴线的土压力分布曲线,并从参数 和 的变化对土压力的影响方面,与《重庆市地质灾害防治工程设计规范》[1]和《建筑边坡工程技术规范》[3]的计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明桩板上所受土压力沿桩板竖向呈锯齿状分布,土压力强度计算值远小于规范计算值; 的变化对土压力有明显影响,工程设计中不应忽略 对减小土压力的贡献;考虑土拱效应更符合工程实际受力特性  相似文献   

Models of interacting pairs of thin,quasi-geostrophic vortices: steady-state solutions and nonlinear stability     

Matteo Bersanelli  David G. Dritschel  Carlo Lancellotti 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2016,110(6):491-517

We study pairwise interactions of elliptical quasi-geostrophic (QG) vortices as the limiting case of vanishingly thin uniform potential vorticity ellipsoids. In this limit, the product of the vertical extent of the ellipsoid and the potential vorticity within it is held fixed to a finite non-zero constant. Such elliptical “lenses” inherit the property that, in isolation, they steadily rotate without changing shape. Here, we use this property to extend both standard moment models and Hamiltonian ellipsoidal models to approximate the dynamical interaction of such elliptical lenses. By neglecting non-elliptical deformations, the simplified models reduce the dynamics to just four degrees of freedom per vortex. For simplicity, we focus on pairwise interactions between identical elliptical vortices initially separated in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The dynamics of the simplified models are compared with the full QG dynamics of the system, and show good agreement as expected for sufficiently distant lenses. The results reveal the existence of families of steadily rotating equilibria in the initial horizontal and vertical separation parameter space. For sufficiently large vertical separations, equilibria with varying shape exist for all horizontal separations. Below a critical vertical separation (stretched by the constant ratio of buoyancy to Coriolis frequencies N / f), comparable to the mean radius of either vortex, a gap opens in horizontal separation where no equilibria are possible. Solutions near the edge of this gap are unstable. In the full QG system, equilibria at the edge of the gap exhibit corners (infinite curvature) along their boundaries. Comparisons of the model results with the full nonlinear QG evolution show that the early stages of the instability are captured by the Hamiltonian elliptical model but not by the moment model that inaccurately estimates shorter-range interactions.  相似文献   

Challenges to the representation of suspended sediment transfer using a depth‐averaged flux          下载免费PDF全文

Chen Cheng  Huiming Huang  Chengyan Liu  Weimin Jiang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(10):1337-1357

The sediment saturation recovery process (i.e. the adaptation of suspended sediment concentration [SSC] to local forcing) is the main feature of the non‐equilibrium suspended sediment transport (SST) frequently occurring in fluvial, estuarine and coastal waters. In order to quantitatively describe this phenomenon, a series solution is analytically derived, including the evolution of both vertical SSC profile and near‐bed sediment flux (NBSF), and is verified by net erosion and net deposition experiments, respectively. The results suggest that the sediment saturation recovery process involves vertically varying fluxes that are not represented correctly by depth‐averaging. Consequently, a vertical two‐dimensional (2D) combined scheme is established and applied respectively in to a dredged trench and to a sand wave feature to demonstrate this argument. By analyzing the variations of the calculated depth‐averaged SSC and NBSF we reveal that the equilibrium state presented by the sediment carrying capacity (SCC) form of the NBSF, which is usually applied in depth‐integrated SST models, lags behind the actual dynamic bed equilibrium state. Moreover, the key factor α, the so‐called saturation recovery coefficient within this form, is not only a function of local Rouse number but also is influenced by the local SSC profile. Finally, a three‐dimensional (3D) non‐orthogonal curvilinear body‐fitted SST model is developed and validated in the Yangtze estuary, China, combined with the in situ hourly hydrographic data from August 14–15, 2007 during spring tide in the wet season. Model results confirm that the vertically varying sediment saturation recovery process, the discrepancies between the actual and SCC form of NBSF and non‐constant value of α are significant in actual real geomorphic cases. The quantitative morphological change resulting from variations in environmental conditions may not be correctly represented by uncorrected depth‐integrated SST models if they do not treat the effects of vertical motion on the sediment saturation recovery process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于强度折减系数法的基坑数值仿真分析     

赵川  付建军  贾柠骏  吴晓旺 《城市地质》2009,4(3):29-31

研究表明,由极限平衡法确定的滑动面、安全系数存在一定误差,强度折减法以弹塑性力学为基础,能准确给出真实稳定系数的下限。本文以武汉某基坑为例,以强度折减法为基础,采用flac软件进行数值仿真分析,提出了基坑支护的方法,经过工程验证,达到了预期的支护效果。  相似文献   

地基承载力确定的一种方法     

李顺群  王英红  刘双菊 《岩土工程技术》2009,23(1):30-33,47

根据三轴和直剪试验的特点并以Mohr强度理论为基础建立了Mohr包线的曲线形式。基于弹性理论导出了条形地基在均布荷载作用下塑性区方程,根据方程可以确定临塑荷载及塑性区的范围。与基于直线型Mohr-Coulomb准则建立起来的塑性区方程相比,该方程能反映土体抗剪强度增长随正应力增加逐渐趋缓的特点。算例分析表明：按两种方法计算得出的临塑荷载相差不大,塑性区连成一片时的荷载也基本一致;两种方法得出的塑性区的形状极为相似;随荷载增加,塑性区向下发展的速度比按传统方法得出的结果稍慢。  相似文献