Seasonal Variation of the Glycogen Enzyme Activity in Diploid and Triploid Pacific Oyster Gonad During Sexual Maturation     

KONG Lingfeng WANG Zhaoping YU Ruihai LI Qi WANG Rucai 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(4):383-386

The glycogen content and the activities of two key enzymes in glycogen metabolism, glycogen phosphorylase and gly- cogen synthetase, in the gonad of diploid and triploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were compared during maturation. The glycogen content in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 85.7%), but the glycogen content in the gonad of trip- loids did not vary significantly. Activity of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 55.5%), while GP activity of triploids did not vary significantly during maturation. Activity of glycogen synthetase (GS) in the gonad of diploids increased slightly with gametogenesis, reaching a peak in June. Activity of GS declined sharply from June to July, which might be due to gonad spawning. GS activity of triploid oysters in spawning time (July and August) was significantly higher than that in other months, which might be explained with a ‘compensating’ mechanism for the higher glycogen content in triploids.  相似文献   

高黎贡山不同土地类型土壤中微生物的生化活性   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张萍  郭辉军  刀志灵  龙碧云 《山地学报》2000,18(5):457-461

从高黎贡山不同土地类型土壤的理化特性及微生物特性,探讨了不同土地类型生态因子的变化及其对微生物生长代谢的作用,以及人类活动对微生物的影响。  相似文献   

Effects of waterborne nitrite onphase I–II biotransformation in channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)     

J. F. Gonzlez  P. L. Del Valle  S. Thohan  A. S. Kane 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5)

The effects of waterborne nitrite (3 mg/l NO₂) on channel catfish were studied to evaluate changes in hematological parameters and phase I–II biotransformation in liver slices. Nitrite-exposed fish had significantly higher methemoglobin, blood and liver nitrite, and significantly lower pO₂ than control fish. Total phase I-mediated metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin (EC) was not altered in nitrite-exposed fish compared with control fish (291±43 and 312±20 pmol/mg/h, respectively). However, phase II glucuronosyltransferase-mediated metabolism of 7-hydroxycoumarin (HC), both as a phase I metabolite of EC and as a parent substrate, was elevated in nitrite-exposed fish (204±17 and 1007±103 pmol/mg/h, respectively) as compared to control fish (149±14 and 735±87 pmol/mg/h) (P<0.05). Sulfotransferase-mediated metabolism of HC (as a metabolite of EC and as a parent substrate) was not notably altered in nitrite-exposed fish (95±16 and 617±33 pmol/mg protein/h, respectively) as compared with control fish (118±24 and 575±55 pmol/mg/h, respectively). These studies indicate that in vivo nitrite exposure and associated changes in hematological parameters do not appear to affect hepatic phase I EC biotransformation in channel catfish. However, subtle but significant changes in phase II glucuronidation, but not sulfation activity, were observed. The mechanism of these alterations is unclear. However, the data suggest that environmentally realistic concentrations of nitrite may affect the dynamics of conjugative metabolism in exposed fish.  相似文献   

温度和盐度对两种海洋桡足类动物摄食和代谢的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

薛泽  朱丽岩  王博渊  刘正宇 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(1):95-102

本研究在实验室模拟生态条件下,以两种常见的海洋桡足类动物为受试生物,着重研究了温度和盐度变化对火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)和拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)的滤水率、摄食率、耗氧率和排氨率的影响,统筹分析了两种海洋桡足类响应温度和盐度变化的摄食与代谢策略,以期为两种海洋桡足类的室内培养提供理论支持和技术指导。结果发现:(1)在5—30°C的温度范围内两种桡足类动物的摄食与代谢均呈现随温度升高而先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中火腿许水蚤的摄食率、滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率的最大值均出现在15°C,而拟长腹剑水蚤则在25°C到达峰值,说明拟长腹剑水蚤对温度具有较高的耐受性。(2)当暴露于不同盐度(15—35)时,火腿许水蚤可在低盐度(25)条件下保持较高的摄食能力,且当盐度为25时其摄食率、滤水率达到峰值,之后便显著下降;拟长腹剑水蚤则在盐度为30时开始下降。前者的代谢能力在盐度为25时开始下降,后者在高盐度(35)时代谢能力依然有回升的趋势,说明拟长腹剑水蚤对盐度的耐受性更强。而火腿许水蚤及拟长腹剑水蚤对低盐度(20—25)有一定的偏好,二者通过强化自身代谢以抵消低盐度引起的渗透压变化对自身的影响。(3)基于氧氮比(O/N)变化的代谢作用分析显示:在整个温度梯度(10—25°C)中火腿许水蚤的氧氮比波动较大,而拟长腹剑水蚤除在高温(35°C)条件下,其氧氮比均低于24。盐度则会抑制火腿许水蚤的摄食能力从而迫使其分解体内储能物质(O/N24),而对盐度耐受性较好的拟长腹剑水蚤则可始终维持较高的摄食和代谢能力(O/N24)。因此拟长腹剑水蚤能在较大的温、盐度范围内保持稳定的氨氮代谢水平,具有更高的环境耐受性。  相似文献   

饲料蛋白质水平对大黄鱼体内蛋白质的沉积和代谢反应的影响     

林淑琴  成琳  张文兵  徐玮  麦康森  申屠基康 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(5):32-39

进行9周的养殖实验,比较分析饲料蛋白质水平对3个不同生长阶段大黄鱼体内蛋白质沉积和代谢反应相关指标的影响。实验用大黄鱼分为3种规格,分别是小规格鱼(SF,初始体重:(12.80±0.08)g)、中规格鱼(MF,初始体重:(137.90±0.81)g)和大规格鱼(LF,初始体重:(194.10±2.37)g)。饲料中的7个蛋白质梯度设置为30.4%,34.2%,38.5%,42.2%,46.0%,50.3%和54.3%。结果表明,随着饲料蛋白质水平的上升,SF的蛋白质含量和氮保留率显著升高(P0.05),而MF和LF的全鱼蛋白质含量(BP)和氮保留率(NR)未见显著变化(P0.05)。从不同生长阶段来看,氮保留率MF显著低于SF和LF(P0.05)。3个生长阶段,大黄鱼肝脏中的谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性,以及血清中的血氨、尿素氮和总氨基酸含量均随着饲料蛋白质水平的上升而显著升高(P0.05)。从不同生长阶段来看,血氨含量MF显著高于SF和LF(P0.05)。研究表明,大黄鱼体内蛋白质沉积和氨基酸代谢随饲料蛋白质水平的上升而增强,大黄鱼的氮保留能力MF阶段低于SF和LF阶段。  相似文献   

不同类型糖源对大菱鲆脂肪代谢酶活性和脂肪酸组成的影响     

苗惠君  聂琴  苗淑彦  陈尘悦  李静  张文兵  麦康森 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(4)

以初始体质量(8.77±0.16)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼为研究对象,在室内流水系统中进行9周的养殖实验,比较分析饲料中3种不同类型的糖源(葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精)对大菱鲆脂肪代谢相关酶活性和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,不同类型的糖源显著影响肝脏中与脂肪合成相关的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)和苹果酸酶(ME)的活性(P0.05)。饲料糖源为葡萄糖时,大菱鲆肝脏中G6PD和ME的活性显著高于其他处理组,而蔗糖和糊精处理组之间没有显著差异。对与脂肪分解代谢相关酶的活性分析表明,肠道脂肪酶的活性受饲料中不同糖源的影响显著(P0.05);肝脏脂蛋白脂酶的活性在糖源为葡萄糖时显著低于其他处理组(P0.05);不同糖源对肝脂酶的活性无显著影响(P0.05);糊精组的总脂酶活性显著高于葡萄糖组(P0.05)。葡萄糖组大菱鲆肌肉中的C16∶0和C18∶0的含量显著高于糊精组,而C16∶1和C18∶1n-9的含量显著低于糊精组(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中不同类型的糖源对大菱鲆肌肉脂肪酸的影响集中在饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸上,而对多不饱和脂肪酸的影响有限。  相似文献   

Modeling and Validating Long‐Term Dynamics of Diel Dissolved Oxygen with Particular Reference to pH in a Temperate Shallow Lake (Turkey)     

Nusret Karakaya  Fatih Evrendilek  Kerem Güngör 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(11):966-971

Long‐term monitoring of changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH is of great importance to quantifying aquatic ecosystem metabolism, particularly for lakes under the changing global environment. During 173 days, diel DO cycles were measured in situ along with the main driving variables of pH, wind speed (WS), and net solar radiation (Rn) in a temperate shallow lake. Best‐fit multiple non‐linear regression (MNLR) models of diel DO time series were built and validated on a monthly basis, with R² values ranging from 42.4% in September to 95.4% in November for validation. The strong relationship between diel DO and pH (r = 0.6) appeared to be related to the patterns of ecosystem productivity and respiration, and sensitivity of decomposing bacteria to changes in pH. pH‐driven lake metabolism appears to have significant implications for diel and seasonal lake metabolism in a changing global environment.  相似文献   

Carbon Metabolism and Bioplastic Production by Halophilic Archaea     

XIANG Hu  HAN Jing  HOU Jing  ZHAO Dahe  CAI Shuangfeng  CAI Lei 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):116-118

正1 Introduction Haloarchaea represents a distinct group of Archaea that typically inhabits hypersaline environments,such as salt lakes and sea salterns.They are easy to culture and many haloarchaea are genetically tractable,hence they are excellent model systems for research of archaeal genetics,  相似文献   

投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) PI3K信号通路及糖代谢相关酶基因表达的影响     

赵楠楠  崔彦婷  王忠凯  王聪  张志豪  邓之通  赵瑞阳  孙金凤  王仁杰  李玉全 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1189-1196

适宜的投喂频率能提高对虾的代谢和免疫能力,加快生长,实现提质增效的目标。为探讨不同投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)糖代谢及相关信号通路的影响,以(7.6±1.0) g的凡纳滨对虾为实验材料,设置2、3、4、6次/d,共4个投喂频率处理组,每组设3个平行,实验持续14 d,实验结束时取样,测定PI3K信号通路相关因子PI3K、Akt、HIF-1α、mTOR,代谢酶基因中HK、PFK、GAPDH、PK、FBP、PEPCK,葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT1、GLUT2 mRNA表达水平的变化。结果发现:随着投喂频率的增加, PI3K信号通路关键基因表达的水平显著上升(P<0.05),其中6次/d投喂组PI3K、Akt、HIF-1α和mTOR表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05), 4次/d投喂组mTOR表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05);代谢关键酶基因HK、PFK、GAPDH、PK、FBP、PEPCK的表达水平随投喂频率的增加而增加,其中6次/d投喂组糖酵解HK、PFK、GAPDH、PK酶基因表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05), 3、4和6次/d投喂组糖异生酶FBP表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05),葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT2在2、3、6次/d投喂频率处理组显著高于4次/d频率投喂组(P<0.05)。得出结论认为较高的投喂频率可以通过激活凡纳滨对虾糖代谢酶基因、糖转运蛋白及PI3K信号通路的表达来提高糖代谢水平。  相似文献   

海洋线虫Litoditis marina早期发育的转录组分析     

王彤彤  张留所 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(6):1558-1572

全球气候和环境变化影响海洋动物的生长发育和繁殖等生命过程,探究环境因子调控发育的分子机制,需要深入了解海洋动物早期发育的生理和分子特征。以实验室驯化的潜在模式动物海洋线虫Litoditis marina为研究对象,对其胚胎期和孵化后发育早期2h、4h和6h的L1幼虫样品进行了转录组测序和分析。结果表明,2h、4h和6h的L1幼虫间差异较小,而三个L1幼虫样品与胚胎期相比,基因表达发生了显著变化。通过KEGG富集分析,发现与胚胎期相比,三个L1幼虫样品的多个通路如核糖体、核糖体生物发生、糖酵解/糖原异生、TCA循环和氧化磷酸化通路相关基因发生了显著上调。另外还发现多个神经递质和神经肽受体基因如dop-和npr-等在L1期转录水平显著上调。与胚胎期相比,L1幼虫的多个DNA复制和修复相关、Notch、Hippo和Hedgehog信号和剪切体等通路相关基因发生了显著下调。发现的L. marina早期发育转录组变化模式与已经发表的陆生模式生物秀丽线虫Caenorhabditis elegans从胚胎期到L1幼虫的转录组变化特征非常相似,但同一上调或下调通路中具体发生表达变化的基因有些不同。另外,L1幼虫显著上调的核糖体生物发生通路相关基因在秀丽线虫中发生了显著下调。进一步通过基因编辑等技术和方法深入研究发育调控关键基因的功能将为海陆近缘线虫间的发育进化机制、海洋线虫对潮间带环境适应以及全球气候变化应答的分子机制研究提供新认知。  相似文献