饥饿胁迫条件下黑鮸（Miichthys miiuy）仔鱼的生长与存活过程研究          下载免费PDF全文

单秀娟  窦硕增 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(1):14-23

采用实验生态学方法研究了延迟投饵对黑鮸仔鱼摄食、存活生长及体成分组成的影响。结果表明，在24℃，仔鱼在3日龄时开口摄食，4日龄时卵黄囊吸收完毕，6日龄仔鱼如不能建立外源性营养即进入饥饿死亡不可逆点（PNR），而延迟投饵3天（6日龄）以上的仔鱼在8日龄前全部死亡。正常投喂仔鱼（16％）和延迟投饵1天仔鱼（15％）的存活率明显高于延迟2天投饵仔鱼（9％）。它们的高死亡（日死亡率为5％-6.5％）集中发生在3-8日龄期间，但低于3-7日龄内延迟投饵3天和完全饥饿仔鱼（日死亡率为18.5％）。在7日龄时，正常投喂仔鱼（9.9％）的特殊生长率（SGR）明显高于延迟投饵仔鱼（4.6％-8.4％）。在36日龄时，正常投喂仔鱼与延迟投饵1天仔鱼之间的生长差异消失，与延迟投饵2天的仔鱼之间的生长差异显著。延迟投饵引起开口摄食阶段仔鱼体内脂肪和蛋白质含量明显减少，但延迟投饵1-2天的存活仔鱼在后期发育过程中可以达到正常投饵仔鱼的营养水平。因此，不论在养殖条件下还是在自然水域，黑鮸仔鱼必须在开口后2天之内建立起主动摄食能力才可能保证其仔鱼的正常发育、生长和存活。  相似文献   

湿地松新梢化学成分与粉蚧为害关系初步研究     

王卫华  梁民 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(3)

用五点法进行抽样调查并探讨了湿地松粉蚧（Ｏｒａｃｅｌｌａ ａｃｕｔａ Ｌｏｂｄｅｌｌ）侵入后，湿地松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｅｌｌｉｏｔｉｉ）新植树皮化学成分与粉蚧为害的关系。结果表明：均衡、协调的营养对粉蚧生长和繁殖有利；粉蚧为害主要导致新梢树皮蛋白质、粗灰分含量明显增加，还原糖含量明显减少；粉蚧发生高峰期，新梢树皮蛋白质含量与与粉蚧虫口密度呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

Seasonality of occurrence,foods and food preferences of ichthyoplankton in Biscayne Bay,Florida     

Edward D. Houde  Jamie Alpern Lovda 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,18(4):403-419

Ichthyoplankton and microzooplankton were collected twice monthly for one year at a single station in Biscayne Bay, Florida. Based on approximate 10-m³, 333-μm mesh bongo net samples, the mean annual densities were 17·7 m^?3 and 1·8 m^?3 for fish eggs and larvae, respectively. Ichthyoplankton was most abundant in spring-summer. The most common fish larvae were bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), spotted dragonet (Callionymus pauciradiatus), thread herring (Opisthonema oglinum) and gobies (Gobiidae), which comprised 50% of all larvae collected. A comparison of 35-μm and 333-μm mesh, bongo net collections revealed that mean densities of fish larvae were 8·5 times higher in the smaller mesh. The most abundant microzooplankton, based on 35-μm bongo net collections, were copepod nauplii, <100 μm in width, which averaged 90·41^?1 and tintinnids which averaged 168·51^?1. The mean density of microzooplankton <100 μm wide, potentially suitable food for first-feeding fish larvae, was 104·91^?1, exclusive of tintinnids, and 273·41^?1 including tintinninds. Excepting tintinnids, seasonal variability in microzooplankton abundance was low relative to that for ichthyoplankton. High microzooplankton densities, combined with low seasonal variability, indicated that feeding conditions for fish larvae were usually good in Biscayne Bay. Copepods, especially nauplii, were the predominant food of fish larvae (71% of all food items). Only mollusc veliger larvae (18% of all food items) were highly preferred prey but they were a small component of most larval fish diets. Average width of prey eaten by first-feeding larvae was 74 μm. Prey size increased in relation to larval length.  相似文献   

泥螺的繁殖生物学研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

尤仲杰  陆彤霞  王一农 《热带海洋学报》2003,22(1):30-35,T002

研究了泥螺的繁殖方式，繁殖季节，繁殖力，受精卵的孵化，幼虫发育及变态和稚，幼螺的发育过程，泥螺在浙江沿海每年的繁殖期为3-11月，5-6月和9-10月为繁殖高峰。繁殖期内亲螺有一次交配多次产卵现象，平均每个亲螺产卵3-4次，每次产卵群1个，每个卵群平均含有受精卵6282个，个体繁殖力18848.4-25128.0粒，在水温28.5℃条件下，面盘幼虫孵化时间为72h，孵化率为93.8%，幼虫经过2-8d浮游生活后进入匍匐生活，28-30d后发育变态成为稚螺，50d后成为幼螺。  相似文献   

An Experimental Investigation of the Palatability of Kelp Bed Algae to the Sea Urchin Parechinus angulosus LESKE     

Robert J.  Anderson Branko  Velimirov 《Marine Ecology》1982,3(4):357-373

Abstract. The relative palatability of 13 algae common in the kelp beds of the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, is experimentally investigated with respect to feeding by the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus.
We investigated 2 hypotheses: 1) that this important herbivore would feed selectively on these algae and 2) that Desmarestia firma, one of these algae, would be unattractive to Parechinus on account of the H₂S0₄ in the thallus.
Algal preferences are determined from 3 types of feeding experiment, results of which support our first hypothesis, and allow us to group the algae into 3 arbitrary categories: "preferred", "intermediate", and "non-preferred". To explain these patterns, we measured "relative astringen-cy" of each species (essentially a phenol measurement), and phenol content of 4 species (FOUN-DENIS method). Rates of feeding on single species are negatively correlated with relative astringen-cies (r = 0.76, P = 0.99). The high relative astringency of D. firma is caused by its high (18 % per dry mass) H₂S0₄ content, and it is non-preferred. Our results therefore support our second hypothesis. Other implications of these results are discussed.  相似文献   

Variations in the Number of Intestinal Loops in Scaphopoda (Mollusca)     

Gerhard  Steiner 《Marine Ecology》1994,15(2):165-174

Abstract. The intestinal loops of two species of the genus Bathoxiphus (Entalinidae) and of Cadulus aberrans (Gadilidae) have been reconstructed from serial sections. The results are compared to the 'textbook scaphopod' Antalis dentalis having the hindgut coiled in three loops. Bathoxiphus ensiculus has four or five intestinal loops, B. sp. S 153 four, and C. aberrans two. The buccal pouch contents included Foraminifera in all species, with agglomerates of sediment being found only in Bathoxiphus and Antalis. The mean ratio of intestinal length to body length ranges from 1.05 in B. ensiculus , over 0.98 in the four-looped B. sp. S 153, to 0.7 in A. dentalis and 0.6 in the twice-looped C. aberrans. The correlation of intestinal length with diet—additional deposit-feeding in Bathoxiphus and highly specialized 'carnivory' in C. aberrans —is probable. Despite the differences in feeding ecology, the elongated hindgut of both deep-sea species of Bathoxiphus resembles the adaptations of some bivalves to poorly nutritious deep-sea sediments.  相似文献   

鮸鱼幼鱼在不同水温下摄食的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈少波  单乐州  林志华  陆荣茂  杨圣云 《台湾海峡》2007,26(2):276-280

以冰鲜桡足类为饵料对鮸鱼幼鱼在不同水温时的摄食进行了研究.在水温10、15和20℃时,幼鱼消化道饵料系数和食物消化时间呈线性回归方程,曲线斜率为食物消化速度;消化时间各为16、19和12h;摄食率各为100%、100%和85%;消化道饵料系数均在45-60min之内达到最大值;饱食系数各为3.11%、7.84%和8.42%;提出鮸鱼幼鱼的日摄食量指数公式为:日摄食指数=饱食系数 (12×消化道饵料系数与消化时间曲线方程一次项系数),得到日摄食量指数各为5.92%、15.19%和22.29%.  相似文献   

青岛近海欧氏六线鱼食性的研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

叶青 《海洋湖沼通报》1992,(4):50-55

青岛近海欧氏六线鱼属底栖肉食性鱼类,主要摄食鱼类、甲壳类、多毛类和头足类等16个生物类群。本文还分析了饵料组成和摄食强度的季节变化,及摄食与消化器官结构相适应的情况。  相似文献   

西埔湾港养黄鳍鲷年龄、生长和食性研究     

张其永  洪万树  陈志庚  陈晓钟  黄振池 《台湾海峡》1991,(4)

本文研究了福建省东山县西埔湾港养黄鳍鲷鳞片年轮特征、渔获年龄组成和体长组成,并结合生物学资料,对其体长与鳞长、体长与体重及其食性作了分析。食料生物类群比较广泛,消化器官结构与其食性相互适应,系属于底栖生物食性类型的低级肉食性鱼类。文中还讨论了西埔湾黄鳍鲷资源合理利用和繁殖保护问题。  相似文献   

浅色黄姑鱼早期发育阶段的摄食习性与生长特性   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张雅芝  胡家财  谢仰杰  钟幼平  谢伟州 《热带海洋学报》2006,25(5):74-79

2003年5—6月和2004年4—5月在集美大学水产学院水产试验场,对人工培育的浅色黄姑鱼Nibea chuiTrewavas早期发育阶段的摄食和生长特性进行观察与分析。结果表明,仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食率高达96.9%,摄食量占体重的2.9%—24.4%,摄食具有明显昼夜节律,早晨和黄昏为摄食高峰。摄食量与体重的关系式为y=0.052 7e0.671 5x(r=0.951 9),全长与日龄的关系式为LT=0.011 5D2-0.212D 3.536 7(r=0.952 9),体重与日龄的回归方程为W=0.048e0.130 9D(r=0.965 0),全长与体重的回归方程为W=-0.265 5L2T 2.735 2LT 2.5415(r=0.953 9)。  相似文献