军曹鱼人工育苗饵料投喂技术的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙丽华  陈浩如  黄良民  王肇鼎  严岩 《热带海洋学报》2006,25(2):24-30

研究了军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum幼鱼(初始体重10g左右)的日摄食节律及不同摄食水平条件下鱼体的化学组成、特定生长率和食物转换率,以此确立人工育苗过程中军曹鱼幼鱼的适宜投饵时间和和投饵水平。研究结果表明,军曹鱼幼鱼具有明显的昼夜摄食节律,摄食主要在白天进行,以早晨(06:00—08:00)和傍晚(18:00—20:00)最为活跃,形成一天中的2个摄食高峰,夜间基本不摄食。由此可见军曹鱼幼鱼的摄食节律属白天摄食偏晨昏性类型。在饥饿、3%、6%、9%和饱食(指日投饵干重占试验鱼初始体重的百分比)摄食水平条件下,军曹鱼幼鱼鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量随摄食水平的增加呈增长趋势,在6%摄食水平组脂肪含量出现大幅下降,在3%—饱食摄食水平时蛋白质含量变化不明显。军曹鱼幼鱼的湿重、干重和蛋白质特定生长率均随摄食水平的增加呈减速增长趋势,两者间的关系表现为对数函数形式:SGRw=3.876 ln(RL 1)-3.716,SGRd=5.107 ln(RL 1)-5.24,SGRp=5.561 ln(RL 1)-5.609,9%和饱食摄食水平组特定生长率无显著差异;脂肪特定生长率随摄食水平的增加而线性增长:SGRL=1.731RL-7.702。食物湿重、干重、蛋白质和脂肪转换率随摄食水平的增加均呈先升后降的变化趋势,9%摄食水平组有最大值,约为最大摄食水平的70%。因此,军曹鱼幼鱼投饵应在白天进行,适宜投饵时间为早晨和傍晚2个摄食高峰期,这个生长阶段的军曹鱼幼鱼当投喂鳗鱼配合饲料时其适宜投饵水平约为最大摄食水平的70%。  相似文献   

黑鲷视觉发育与摄食的关系   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

单保党  何大仁 《台湾海峡》1995,14(2):169-173

本文研究了黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）仔、稚、幼鱼的视网膜结构和视觉与摄食的关系。初孵的黑鲷仔鱼眼睛没有色素，晶体和视网膜均未分化。孵化后6h的视网膜和晶体分成两层。30h的视网膜上皮层分化出来，60h后分层完毕，共10层。73h视神经形成并功能化。4d的仔鱼开口摄食。24d的稚鱼开始出现视网膜运动反应，36d变态后的幼鱼该反应更加明显。视觉是仔鱼开口摄食的第一种感觉，开口后随视觉器官的完善摄能力逐渐增强，摄食成功率也明显提高。  相似文献   

Spatial feeding patterns of herring (Clupea harengus L.), sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.), and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea     

Peltonen  Heikki; Vinni  Mika; Lappalainen  Antti; Ponni  Jukka 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(6):966-971

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Artemia parthenogenetica in Lake Hayward, Western Australia. II. Feeding biology in a shallow, seasonally stratified, hypersaline lake     

Alan Savage  Brenton Knott 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1998,7(1):13-24

Primary production in Lake Hayward, Western Australia, is dominated by benthic microbial communities, with limited planktonic primary production. This study investigated the question of howArtemia, commonly regarded as simple, obligate, non-selective filter feeders, were able to survive in this system. Bacteria (heterotrophic and autotrophic, filamentous and unicellular) were the major components in the diet of theArtemia in Lake Hayward. These bacteria were derived from bacterial aggregates in the water column and also from benthic mat material (both still attached to the substrate and from pieces floating in the water column). Benthic diatoms were a substantial dietary component of animals living in the unstratified shallow regions. Photosynthetic eukaryotic nanoplankton comprised a minor component of the diet of thisArtemia population. Gut contents of a large number of animals and the results of a simple laboratory test indicated that these animals utilise substrate-bound food resources. The results of the present study raises the question of the ecological significance of surface grazing by brine shrimps in other shallow, benthos dominated saline systems.  相似文献   

Diet composition and feeding habits of fish larvae of two co-occurring species (Pisces: Callionymidae and Bothidae) in the North-western Mediterranean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sanchez-Velasco  L. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1998,55(2):299-308

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Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13  

Cortes  E. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1999,56(5):707-717

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光照对真鲷仔、稚、幼鱼摄食的影响   总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24  

李大勇  何大仁  刘晓春 《台湾海峡》1994,13(1):26-31

光照对真鲷（Pagrosomusmojor）仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食有重要影响。摄食的适宜光照度范围为100～102lx，最适光照度范围为101～102lx。103lx强光对仔鱼摄食的影响大于稚、幼鱼；100lx弱光对9d以前的仔鱼和稚、幼鱼的摄食影响较小，对9d以后的仔鱼影响较大。此结果和鱼的感觉器官发育及鱼所摄食的饵料种类有关。  相似文献   

Responses to Predation Cues and Food in Two Species of Sympatric, Tropical Sea Urchins     

Robert L. Vadas Sr.  & Robert W. Elner 《Marine Ecology》2003,24(2):101-121

Abstract. We examined the responses of two tropical sea urchins, Lytechinus variegatus and Tripneustes ventricosus, to cues from predators, simulated predation events and food. Cues released from damaged conspecifics, heterospecifics and heteroclassics (holothurian) were used to simulate predation events in field experiments. Responses to the presence of seagrass, spiny lobster or both were tested in tanks. Findings were supplemented by natural history observations of dispersion patterns off Bermuda. In field experiments, neither species formed groupings in the presence of conspecific, heterospecific or heteroclassic cues. Flight responses were greatest in conspecific treatments; responses to heterospecific cues were intermediate to control and conspecific cues. Urchins in pre‐assembled associations remained in groups in control trials but dispersed when exposed to predation cues. Lytechinus exhibited greater sensitivity to predation cues than Tripneustes. Cues from a damaged sea cucumber invoked a response from Lytechinus but not Tripneustes. Both species employed a two phased response to cues from damaged conspecifics: initially a rapid, but ephemeral (2 min), alarm response followed by a slower (≈ 35 % lower) sustained flight phase for 6+ min, which in nature would disperse urchins downstream and away from a predator. In tank experiments, Lytechinus formed groupings only around food or food + predators. The presence of a predator reduced the aggregation response to food, suggesting that Lytechinus employed a risk aversion strategy. Tripneustes exhibited escape or refractory behavior in both control and experimental treatments in laboratory tanks.  相似文献   

Food and Feeding Habits of the Surf Zone Penaeid Prawn Macropetasma africanus (Balss)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrew  Cockcroft Anton  Mclachlan 《Marine Ecology》1986,7(4):345-357

Abstract. Macropetasma africanus is an important component of the nearshore macrofauna in South African marine waters. Juveniles utilize high energy surf zones as nursery and maturation areas before offshore migration to spawning areas. Samples were taken from two surf zone areas and an offshore spawning area over a two year period. Spatial, seasonal, and diel variations in diet, established from stomach content analysis (N = 1020), indicate that M. africanus is an omnivorous feeder with a diet reflecting general food availability in the environment. Five major food groups were identified. Detritus was the most important food group identified in a medium energy surf zone and offshore spawning area. Phytoplankton was the major food group utilized in a high energy surf area characterized by phytoplankton blooms. Crustaceans were an important component of the diet in all three areas sampled and the remains of copepods, ostracods, isopods, amphipods, and mysids were identified. Benthic macrofauna and meiofauna are not important components of the M. africanus diet in the turbulent surf zone areas but appear more important in the offshore area. Feeding behaviour is adapted to turbulent conditions found in surf areas and the passage of food through the foregut is rapid.  相似文献   

Feeding of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts in the Northeast Atlantic     

Haugland  Monika; Holst  Jens Christian; Holm  Marianne; Hansen  Lars Petter 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(8):1488-1500

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