中国鲎幼体阶段(黄皮鲎)饵料的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高凤英  廖永岩  叶富良 《海洋通报》2003,22(4):92-96

用杂鱼、星虫、牡蛎、乌贼、虾进行中国鲎幼体饵料种类、粒度以及白天和夜间摄食量差异等试验。结果表明：中国鲎幼体阶段(黄皮鲎)对乌贼的相对摄食量最大(2.1％)，而对小杂鱼的相对摄食量最少(0．2％)。中国鲎幼体阶段(黄皮鲎)均对粒度为0.3～0．5cm的乌贼相对摄食量最大(2．0％)，对粒度为2cm的乌贼相对摄食量最小(0．1％)。中国鲎幼体阶段(黄皮鲎)夜晚的摄食量明显大于白天：平均体重为147．4g组的昼夜相对摄食量的差异最大(白天为0．8％，夜间为1．7％)，平均体重为258．7g组的差异最小(白天为ll％，夜间为l4％)。  相似文献   

Diel feeding patterns and the development of food webs in pelagic 0-group cod (Gadus morhua L.), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.), whiting (Merlangiusmerlangus L.), saithe (Pollachius virens L.), and Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii Nilsson) in the northern North Sea     

Bromley  P. J.; Watson  T.; Hislop  J. R. G. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1997,54(5):846-853

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Dispersion and feeding of larval herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the Moray Firth during September 1985     

M. Heath  M. Leaver  A. Matthews  N. Nicoll 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1989,28(6)

A plume of herring larvae dispersing from a spawning site at Clythness in the Moray Firth (northern Scotland) was surveyed during early September 1985. Several cohorts of larvae were evident from the length distributions, and these were arranged in order of increasing length (age) towards the south-west. The spacing of cohort centres indicated a drift rate of 1–2 km day⁻¹.Calanoid copepod nauplii constituted the major proportion of the diet of larvae <10 mm sampled during the study. Cyclopoid copepod nauplii and gastropod veligers were not found in the diet although they were present in the water. The distribution of nauplii in the region was inversely correlated with the concentration of phytoplankton chlorophyll, and nauplii concentrations were above average in the vicinity of the herring spawning site. The drift trajectory of the herring larvae took them towards an area of high copepodite and adult copepod concentration—items which formed an increasing part of the diet of larger (older) larvae.  相似文献   

On the Occurrence of Marine Fungi in the Diet of Littorina angulifera and Observations on the Behavior of the Periwinkle*     

J. Kohlmeyer  B. Bebout 《Marine Ecology》1986,7(4):333-343

Abstract. The feeding and resting patterns of Littorina angulifera, the southern periwinkle, were observed in mangrove habitats of Belize (Central America). The snails feed predominantly on the surface of prop roots of Rhizophora mangle in a narrow zone at and above the mean high water mark. This area contains large numbers of hyphae and chlamydospores of an unidentified marine fungus (Deuteromycetes) and filaments of a chlorophyte (Chlorochytrium sp.). Both organisms are ingested by snails whose digestive tracts and fecal pellets contain ground-up cork cells, tricho-sclereids, tracheids, calcium oxalate crystals, fungal hyphae and chlamydospores, as well as undigested cyanobacteria. Most fungal particles pass through the gut unchanged. During dry periods, L. angulifera is in a dormant state, usually attached with dried mucus to leaves high in the tree, causing necrotic, crescent-shaped marks. The leaf tissue under the area of shell attachment becomes meristematic, separating dead tissues from healthy mesophyll. The snails detach during rainfall and move downward to the feeding sites on the prop roots.  相似文献   

The Effect of an Infaunal Suspension Feeding Bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) on Benthic Recruitment*     

Don Maurer 《Marine Ecology》1983,4(3):263-274

Abstract. Animal-animal interactions are recognized as critical in benthic invertebrate recruitment. The hypothesis tested was that benthic recruitment is more successful in low densities of infaunal suspension feeders than in high densities. Densities of young hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) ranging from 82.5 to 330m^-2 were placed in defaunated boxes of sand. The mean number of species, mean number of individuals, mean wet weight biomass, mean species richness and mean dominance index per sample were calculated per density of hard clams from May to October. The experiment did not support the hypothesis. It was concluded that feeding behaviour of dense populations of M. mercenaria did not preclude successful recruitment of other benthic species.  相似文献   

The diets of the chaetognaths Sagitta enflata, S. serratodentata atlantica and S. bipunctata at different seasons in Eastern Mediterranean coastal waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kehayias  G.; Lykakis  J.; Fragopoulu  N. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(5):837-846

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Preliminary Observations on the Feeding Activity of Fishes during Tidal and Diel Cycles in the Loire Estuary: The Bib Trisopterus luscus L. 1758     

J. P. ROBIN  J. MARCHAND 《Marine Ecology》1986,7(2):181-189

Abstract. .Series of experimental trawls repeated over the same area during both 12 and 24 h cycles coupled with an analysis of the stomach contents of the bib demonstrated quantitative and qualitative variations in the predator's diet. The population studied feeds continuously over 24 h, the coefficient of "fullness" is relatively constant, and freshly eaten prey can be observed both during the day and at night. The proportion of brown shrimp in the food increases after high tide, especially when this occurs at night, coinciding with the shrimp's period of maximum activity. However, the overall impact of the bib on the shrimp population depends more on the abundance of the former than on variations in their individual food intake.  相似文献   

Abundance and biomass of scyphomedusae, Aurelia aurita and Chrysaora melanaster, and Ctenophora, Bolinopsis mikado, with estimates of their feeding impact on zooplankton in Tokyo Bay, Japan     

Junji Kinoshita  Juro Hiromi  Yoshiaki Yamada 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(5):607-615

The abundance of a scyphomedusae, Aurelia aurita and Chrysaora melanaster, and a ctenophore, Bolinopsis mikado, in Tokyo Bay was investigated from 1995 to 1997. Aurelia aurita appeared throughout the year with a peak in abundance occurring from spring to summer. The average abundance and biomass during this period for the three successive years was 4.8, 43.8 and 3.2 ind. m⁻², and 1.02, 10.0 and 0.42 gC m⁻², respectively. The values in 1995 and 1997 were comparable with those previously reported for A. aurita abundance from 1990 to 1992. Values were very high in 1996, but the size composition of the bell diameter did not differ from other years, which suggested the absence of food limitation for A. aurita in 1996. C. melanaster was scarce over the survey period (<1.0 ind. m⁻²) while Bolinopsis mikado was more abundant during September to December, with maximum values of 172 ind. m⁻² and 0.33 gC m⁻² observed in December 1997. The weight-specific clearance rate for A. aurita on zooplankton (mainly copepods and their nauplii) was 0.16 ± 0.05 lgWW⁻¹ h⁻¹ (n = 13). Population clearance rate peaked from spring to summer, with average levels of 14.2%, 162% and 5.0% day⁻¹ obtained from spring to summer for respective years. Population clearance rates for B. mikado, calculated based on minimum carbon requirements, was 7.1% day⁻¹ in December 1997. Consequently, the trophic role of gelatinous zooplankton as predators in Tokyo Bay is important all the year round, considering the high impact of A. aurita from spring to summer and B. mikado from autumn to winter.  相似文献   

Growth patterns of three cohorts of Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua L.) studied in a macrocosm     

Folkvord  Arild; Oiestad  Victor; Kvenseth  Per Gunnar 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1994,51(3):325-336

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The Association of Ophiothrix lineata and Callyspongia vaginalis: A Brittlestar-Sponge Cleaning Symbiosis?     

Gordon  Hendler 《Marine Ecology》1984,5(1):9-27

Abstract. The relationship between a sponge, Callyspongia vaginalis, and an associated brittlestar, Ophiothrix lineata, was examined for mutualistic symbiotic interaction. Cinematography, feeding experiments, and analyses of stomach contents reveal that O. lineata (unlike other Ophiothrix species) is a non-selective deposit feeder. Its diet consists of detrital particles adhering to the sponge, which are too large to be utilized by the sponge as food. Thus, the brittlestar cleans the inhalent surface of the sponge as it feeds. Since siltation interferes with sponge pumping-activity, it is suggested that the cleaning behavior of O. lineata may enhance the filtration capability of C. vaginalis. In situ elapsed-time films show that brittlestars expose their arms when they feed, suggesting that they feed only at night because of a need to avoid diurnal predators. Manipulative experiments show that residence in C. vaginalis protects O. lineata from predatory fish. A comparison of the incidence of arm regeneration for brittlestars residing on C. vaginalis, and on a toxic sponge, Neofibularia nolitangere, indicates that factors other than sponge toxicity are involved in protecting sponge-dwelling brittlestars.  相似文献