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151.
The seismic ground motion of a test area in the eastern district of Naples is computed with a hybrid technique based on the mode summation and the finite difference methods. This technique allows us the realistic modelling of source and propagation effects, including local soil conditions. In the modelling, we consider the 1980 Irpinia earthquake, a good example of strong shaking for the area of Naples, which is located about 90 km from the epicenter.The detailed geological setting is reconstructed from a large number of drillings. The sub-soil is mainly formed by alluvial (ash, stratified sand and peat) and pyroclastic materials overlying a pyroclastic rock (yellow neapolitan tuff), representing the neapolitan bedrock. The detailed information available on mechanical properties of the sub-soil and its geometry warrants the application of the sophisticated hybrid technique.As expected, the sedimentary cover causes an increase of the signal's amplitudes and duration. If thin peat layers are present, the amplification effects are reduced, and the peak ground accelerations are similar to those observed for the bedrock model. This can be explained by the backscattering of wave energy at such layers, that tend to seismically decouple the upper from the lower part of the structure.For SH-waves, the influence of the variations of the S-wave velocities on the spectral amplification is studied, by considering locally measured velocities and values determined from near-by down-hole measurements. The comparison between the computed spectral amplifications confirms the key role of an accurate determination of the seismic velocities of the different layers.The comparison performed between a realistic 2-D seismic response and a standard 1-D response, based on the vertical propagation of waves in a plane layered structure, shows considerable difference, from which it is evident that serious caution must be taken in the modelling of expected ground motion at a specific site. 相似文献
152.
Todor Ganev Fumio Yamazaki Tsuneo Katayama Teruyuki Ueshima 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1997,16(7-8):459-470
This paper presents results from forced vibration tests, microtremor observations and earthquake response analysis of a nuclear reactor containment model constructed on stiff soil in Hualien, Taiwan. The dynamic behavior of the soil-structure system is simulated successfully with two numerical models: a sway-rocking model, whose soil parameters are evaluated on the basis of the continuum formulation method, and a finite element model, using the program SASSI with the flexible volume substructuring approach. The dependences of the soil parameters of both models on the amplitudes of the different dynamic excitations are investigated in detail. An original numerical simulation of microtremor is performed. Comparison with results of a previous study involving a rigid tower on a soft soil site in Chiba, Japan is offered. 相似文献
153.
The identifiability of parameters in a water quality model of the Biebrza River, Poland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The identifiability of model parameters of a steady state water quality model of the Biebrza River and the resulting variation in model results was examined by applying the Monte Carlo method which combines calibration, identifiability analysis, uncertainty analysis, and sensitivity analysis. The water quality model simulates the steady state concentration profiles of chloride, phosphate, ammonium, and nitrate as a function of distance along a river. The water quality model with the best combination of parameter values simulates the observed concentrations very well. However, the range of possible modelled concentrations obtained for other more or less equally eligible combinations of parameter values is rather wide. This range in model outcomes reflects possible errors in the model parameters. Discrepancies between the range in model outcomes and the validation data set are only caused by errors in model structure, or (measurement) errors in boundary conditions or input variables. In this sense the validation procedure is a test of model capability, where the effects of calibration errors are filtered out. It is concluded that, despite some slight deviations between model outcome and observations, the model is successful in simulating the spatial pattern of nutrient concentrations in the Biebrza River. 相似文献
154.
The hydrocarbon generation mechanism and the three-stage type model of hydrocarbon generation for carbonate source rocks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The diagenetic mechanism and process of carbonate rocks, which is different to that of clastic rocks, decides the existence
of different existing state organic matters in carbonate rocks. This has been verified by both the microscopic observation
of organic petrology and the analysis of organic geochemistry of many samples. Based on the hydrous pyrolysis simulation experiment
of the low-mature carbonate rocks, the contrasting study on the yield and their geochemistry characteristics of different
existing state soluble organic matters of a series of various maturity samples shows that the different existing state organic
matters make different contributions to hydrocarbon generation during every evolution state. So that, the hydrocarbon generation
process of carbonate rocks can be summarized as the following three stages: the first is the direct degradation of biogenic
bitumen macromolecules during the immature stage, the second is the thermal degradation of a large amount of kerogen at the
mature stage, the last stage is the expulsion or release of inclusion organic matter owing to the increased thermal expansion
pressure during the high evolution stage.
Part of achievements of the Eighth Five-Year National Science-Technology Key-Task Project “85-102-02-07”. 相似文献
155.
156.
探讨山谷冰川稳定状态时积累区面积比率,即AAR值的大小,认为冰川物质平衡高程分布,平面形态及坡面坡度沿程变化形式是影响山谷冰川稳定态AAR值的主要因素,并 山谷冰川稳定态AAR值与物质平衡高程分布及平面形态之间的定量关系。山谷冰川适合于应用AR值法来研究古冰川的零平衡线高程。 相似文献
157.
158.
针对棒、管料开槽的问题,提出了一种新型全自动开槽机。介绍了该开槽机的结构和工作原理,建立全自动开槽机相适应的液压系统,搭建了开槽机继电器——控制器控制电路,实现了该设备的全自动过程控制。 相似文献
159.
Introduction Sichuan-Yunnan region is a major area with frequent strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland, especially the middle-southern segment of South-North Seismic Zone, where many strong earth-quakes occurred in history. In the past 30 years, Sichuan-Yunnan region has two seismically active periods: one is from Tonghai earthquake in 1970 to Longling-Songpan earthquake in 1976, the other is from Lancang earthquake in 1988 to now. During this two periods, the M=7.7 Tonghai, M=7.1 Dagua… 相似文献
160.
Although seismic isolation rubber bearings in bridges and buildings have proven to be a very effective passive method for reducing earthquake‐induced forces, a detailed mechanical modeling of the rubber that is used in bearings under large strains has not been established. Therefore, a 3D model of failure behavior and the design criteria for the safety evaluation of seismic isolation bearings have not yet been developed. This paper presents: (1) correlation‐based template‐matching algorithms to measure large strain fields of continua; (2) a failure criterion for rubber; and (3) the design criteria for the safety evaluation of laminated algorithms, data‐validation algorithms were developed and implemented to eliminate possible unrealistic displacement vectors present in the measured displacement field. The algorithms were successfully employed in the strain field measurement of LRB and rubber materials that are subjected to failure. The measured local strains for rubber material at failure were used to develop a failure criterion for rubber. The validity of the proposed criterion was evaluated by applying it to the LRB; the criterion was introduced into a 3D finite element model of LRB, compared with the experimental results of bearings failure, and verified. Finally, design criteria are proposed for LRB for the safety evaluation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献