A DEVICE FOR MEASURING GULLY HEADWALL MORPHOLOGY     

O. W. ARCHIBOLD  D. H. DE BOER  L. DELANOY 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1996,21(11):1001-1005

This paper describes a low-cost device for measuring the three-dimensional morphology of a gully headwall. The device was designed to operate in a gully system with the following characteristics: overhanging banks caused by a thick, dense root mat; retreat of the underlying unconsolidated sediments through small slab failures, leading to a considerable variation in retreat rate at each point on the headwall; and changes in the orientation of the headwall owing to changes in sediment properties and the topographical and hydrological controls of gully growth. The device is used to measure a series of closely spaced vertical profiles of the headwall, and the collected data are combined to draw a contour map showing the distance from the plane of the instrument to the headwall. Comparing maps for sequential times enables retreat rates for the diffferent proportions of the headwall to be quantified.  相似文献   

Upper crustal structure under Jingtai–Hezuo profile in Northeastern Tibet from topography-dependent eikonal traveltime tomography          下载免费PDF全文

Ting Ma  Zhongjie Zhang  Peng Wang  Yingkang Li 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(2):137-148

The Northeastern Tibetan plateau records Caledonian Qilian orogeny and Cenozoic reactivation by continental collision between the Indian and Asian plates. In order to provide the constraint on the Qilian orogenic mechanism and the expansion of the plateau, wide-angle seismic data was acquired along a 430 km-long profile between Jingtai and Hezuo. There is strong height variation along the profile, which is dealt by topography flattening scheme in our crustal velocity structure reconstruction. We herein present the upper crustal P-wave velocity structure model resulting from the interpretation of first arrival dataset from topography-dependent eikonal traveltime tomography. With topography flattening scheme to process real topography along the profile, the evenness of ray coverage times of the image area (upper crust) is improved, which provides upper crustal velocity model comparable to the classic traveltime tomography (with model expansion scheme to process irregular surface). The upper crustal velocity model shows zoning character which matches with the tectonic division of the Qaidam-Kunlun-West Qinling belt, the Central and Northern Qilian, and the Alax blocks along the profile. The resultant upper crustal P-wave velocity model is expected to provide important base for linkage between the mapped surface geology and deep structure or geodynamics in Northeastern Tibet.  相似文献   

Shallow water body data processing based on the seismic oceanography     

LIU Huaishan  HU Yi  YIN Yanxin  WANG Linfei  TONG Siyou  MA Hai 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,12(3):319-326

Physical properties of sea water,such as salinity,temperature,density and acoustic velocity,could be demarcated through degradation of energy caused by water absorption,attenuation and other factors.To overcome the challenging difficulties in the quick monitoring of these physical properties,we have explored the high resolution marine seismic survey to instantly characterize them.Based on the unique wavefield propagating in the sea water,we have developed a new approach to suppress the noise caused by the shallow sea water disturbance and obtain useful information for estimating the sea water structure.This approach improves seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution.The seismic reflection imaging can map the sea water structure acoustically.Combined with the knowledge of local water body structure profile over years,the instant model for predicting the sea water properties could be built using the seismic data acquired from the specially designed high precision marine seismic acquisition.This model can also be updated with instant observation and the complete data processing system.The present study has the potential value to many applications,such as 3D sea water monitoring,engineering evaluation,geological disaster assessment and environmental assessment.  相似文献   

The eastern extent of the Barents–Kara ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum based on seismic-reflection data from the eastern Kara Sea     

Leonid Polyak  Frank Niessen  Valery Gataullin  & Valery Gainanov 《Polar research》2008,27(2):162-174

We present sub-bottom profiling (sparker and Parasound) results from the eastern Kara Sea, on the Eurasian Arctic margin, which enable the identification of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice extent. The analysed profiles show that glacigenic diamicton is ubiquitous at the seafloor, east of about 95°E and 78°N. The eastern margin of this diamicton is expressed in a conspicuous morainic ridge at the entrance to the Vilkitsky Strait, and to the south the diamicton projection aligns with the LGM limit mapped at the north-western Taymyr. The bottom of the Voronin Trough further north is also covered with diamicton and has numerous erosional bedforms, indicating a streamlined flow of grounded ice along the trough. Accurate dating of the diamicton is not attainable, but the correlation of pre-diamict sediments to well-dated sections in the Laptev Sea, and available ¹⁴C ages from sediments on top of the diamicton, indicate its LGM age. These results support the palaeogeographic reconstruction that assumes the extension of the LGM Barents–Kara ice sheet as far east as Taymyr. This configuration implies that LGM ice blocked the drainage of the Ob and Yenisey rivers on the Kara shelf. This inference is consistent with the presence of large (>100 km wide) lenses of basin infill adjacent to the southern margin of the diamicton. However, the limited distribution of the eastern Kara ice lobe, not extending on Severnaya Zemlya, suggests that the ice was fairly thin and short-lived: insufficient for the accumulation of the gigantic proglacial lakes that occurred during earlier glaciations.  相似文献   

Testing for sufficient signal resetting during sediment transport using a polymineral multiple-signal luminescence approach     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

We present a multiple luminescence signal measurement procedure that simultaneously measures six different luminescence signals from a single polymineral aliquot (i.e. multiple-signal, short MS-SAR approach). The six signals show different bleaching rates in bleaching experiments, ranging from rapid bleaching for the quartz dominated blue stimulated luminescence signal (measured at 125 °C, BSL-125), to the slow-bleaching polymineral thermoluminescence signal. The bleaching rate of the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) measured at room temperature (IR-25) and elevated temperature post-IR IRSL (pIRIR-90, pIRIR-155, pIRIR-225) signals decrease with increasing measurement temperature. Owing to these different bleaching rates, the MS-SAR approach allows inference of the degree of bleaching, and thereby information on the transport history of sediments. We test this approach by applying the MS-SAR to four coastal samples from a well-monitored sand-nourishment site at the Dutch coast. Our results show that the proposed MS-SAR approach can be utilised to construct bleaching plateaus which provide an independent and time-effective measure of the degree of poor bleaching in a sediment sample based on the measurement of only a few large aliquots. We propose that the MS-SAR protocol can be used to profile the age, luminescence properties and degree of bleaching of minimal prepared polymineral. This pre-profiling will allow the selection of suitable samples for full luminescence dating analysis in a target-orientated and time-effective manner.  相似文献   

浅剖数据解译中淤泥层层界提取方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡梦涛  蒋廷臣  李佳琦  刘志强  董春来 《测绘通报》2017,(6):72-76

港口与航道淤泥层层界确定对于港航建设开发与工程实施有着重大意义。本文针对港口航道浅地层剖面仪原始采集数据模糊的问题,分析了影响原始数据真实性的主要原因,实施了中值滤波法多次波压制与消噪处理,取得了清晰可靠的真实数据图像文件,根据海底声波不同层界反射特征,对比分析了脉冲信号声强图像变化情况,探讨了基于浅剖数据声强图像提取淤泥层厚的方法。试验证明该方法可以达到当前钻孔资料所能达到的精度范围。  相似文献   

传统填图法在半覆盖区的改进——第四系岩性填图法     

姚春亮  夏庆霖  张晓军  范先旺  覃莹  谭江东 《地球学报》2017,38(4):549-559

传统地质填图方法一般按成因划分第四系填图单位,但在半覆盖区,往往存在第四系不同成因物质混杂堆积的现象,若按成因划分填图单位,则会造成混乱。笔者在填图实践中,尝试按岩性划分第四系填图单位,这一做法能避免这种混乱,且有利于第四系中基岩信息的发掘,并能为勘查地球化学工作提供景观依据,这种新式填图方法可称为"第四系岩性填图法"。用岩性划分第四系填图单位需要使用统一的分类命名方案,本文使用了按碎屑特征进行分类的方案,主要考虑第四系松散堆积中碎屑的粒径、形态和含量变化。第四系岩性填图法中填图单位的划分需要参照这一分类命名方案,并可选用颜色、构造、次要碎屑类型等修饰性要素做为辅助划分依据。填图单位划分一般在踏勘和剖面实测中完成,第四系岩性填图法剖面测制较为复杂,除采用传统垂向测制方法外,还需运用横向测法和横向-垂向联合测法,通过剖面工作,可细化填图单位划分方案,并可评价不同填图单元基岩恢复的可靠性。第四系岩性填图法除需要编制传统地质图外,还需要编制基岩推断地质图或是在报告中制作插图以阐述此成果。  相似文献   

Meso-scale circulation at the intermediate-depth east of Mindanao observed by Argo profiling floats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHOU Hui  YUAN DongLiang  GUO PeiFang  SHI MaoChong & ZHANG QiLong Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation  Wave Studies  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Qingdao  China  Physical Oceanography Laboratory  Ocean University of China  Qingdao 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(3)

The meso-scale circulation at the intermediate depth east of Mindanao is studied using Argo profiling floats observations. The trajectories and the parking-depth velocities of Argo floats show that the intermediate-depth circulation east of Mindanao contains significant meso-scale features that are highly variable both in space and in time. Both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies at the intermediate depth (1000–2000 m) are indicated by the trajectories east of Mindanao. The mean tangential velocities of these eddies are about 10 cm/s at 2000 m and over 20 cm/s at 1000 m, which indicates that the geostrophic calculation may contain large errors due to the vigorous eddy activity at the reference levels. The analyses also suggest that these eddies might play an important role in mass and vorticity balances of the intermediate-depth circulation east of Mindanao.  相似文献   

热带西太平洋海域上层海洋热含量的CSEOF分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴晓芬  许建平  张启龙  刘增宏 《热带海洋学报》2011,(6)

基于月平均Argo温、盐度剖面、纬向风和Ni o3.4指数等资料,利用循环平稳经验正交函数(CSEOF)分解法、最大熵谱分析和相关分析等方法,研究了热带西太平洋海域上层(0—700m)海洋热含量的时空变化特征,并探讨了其年际变化的可能原因。结果表明,热带西太平洋海域上层海洋热含量距平场具有显著的东-西向反位相振荡,且这种振荡除了具有较明显的季节变化外,还存在着较强的准2a振荡。此外,热含量距平场还存在着负-正-负的三极式经向模态,该模态除了具有明显的季节变化外,还存在着显著的准4a振荡。进一步分析表明,热含量的准2a振荡与ENSO事件的发生有着非常密切的联系,并对赤道西太平洋纬向风异常有1—2月的滞后响应。  相似文献   

Otway Continental Margin Transect: Crustal architecture from wide‐angle seismic profiling across Australia's southern margin     

D. M. Finlayson  I. Lukaszyk  C. D. N. Collins  E. C. Chudyk 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):717-732

The Otway Basin in southeastern Australia formed on a triangular‐shaped area of extended continental lithosphere during two extensional episodes in Cretaceous to Miocene times. The extent of the offshore continental margin is highlighted by Seasat/Geosat satellite altimeter data. The crustal architecture and structural features across this southeast Australian margin have been interpreted from offshore‐onshore wide‐angle seismic profiling data along the Otway Continental Margin Transect extending from the onshore Lake Condah High, through the town of Portland, to the deep Southern Ocean. Along the Otway Continental Margin Transect, the onshore half‐graben geometry of Early Cretaceous deposition gives way offshore to a 5 km‐thick slope basin (P‐wave velocity 2.2–4.6 km/s) to at least 60 km from the shoreline. At 120 km from the nearest shore in a water depth of 4220 m, sonobuoy data indicate a 4–5 km sedimentary sequence overlying a 7 km thick basement above the Moho at 15 km depth. Major fault zones affect the thickness of basin sequences in the onshore area (Tartwaup Fault Zone and its southeast continuation) and at the seaward edge of the Mussel Platform (Mussel Fault). Upper crustal basement is interpreted to be attenuated and thinned Palaeozoic rocks of the Delamerian and Lachlan Orogens (intruded with Jurassic volcanics) that thin from 16 km onshore to about 3.5 km at 120 km from the nearest shore. Basement rocks comprise a 3 km section with velocity 5.5–5.7 km/s overlying a deeper basement unit with velocity 6.15–6.35 km/s. The Moho shallows from a depth of 30 km onshore to 15 km depth at 120 km from the nearest shore, and then to about 12 km in the deep ocean at the limits of the transect (water depth 5200 m). The continent‐ocean boundary is interpreted to be at a prominent topographic inflection point 170 km from shore at the bottom of the continental slope in 4800 m of water. P‐wave velocities in the lower crust are 6.4–6.8 km/s, overlying a thin transition zone to an upper mantle velocity of 8.05 km/s beneath the Moho. Outstandingly clear Moho reflections seen in deep‐marine profiling data at about 10.3 s two‐way time under the slope basin and continent‐ocean boundary place further strong controls on crustal thickness. There is no evidence of massive high velocity (>7 km/s) intrusives/underplate material in the lower crust nor any synrift or early post‐rift subaerial volcanics, indicating that the Otway continental margin can be considered a non‐volcanic margin, similar in many respects to some parts of the Atlantic Ocean margins e.g. the Nova Scotia ‐ Newfoundland margin off Canada and the Galicia Bank off the Iberian Peninsula. Using this analogue, the prominent gravity feature trending northwest‐southeast at the continent‐ocean boundary may indicate the presence of highly serpentinised mantle material beneath a thin crust, but this has yet to be tested by detailed work.  相似文献