生物固氮速率测定中15N₂同位素示踪剂的引入     

陈盛保  张润  陈能汪  赖丽旻  陈敏  郑敏芳  邱雨生 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):42-50

生物固氮作用是一个重要的海洋新氮来源，在海洋生物地球化学循环中扮演着不可替代的角色。基于稳定同位素（15N₂）示踪吸收法，是目前直接测定海洋生物固氮速率最有效的手段。其中，高效、洁净地将15N₂引入海水培养体系，并准确定量培养体系底物的同位素示踪水平，是同位素示踪吸收法准确获取固氮速率的关键。本研究针对15N₂同位素示踪剂引入这一关键环节进行了探讨，确认改进气泡法是将15N₂引入海水培养体系的首选操作。在对培养体系造成的较小扰动的情况下，可将培养体系氮气底物的15N原子丰度提升至10%以上，相对于另一种导入同位素示踪剂的手段——预溶解海水法，改进气泡法将培养瓶中氮气底物的15N原子丰度提升了近200%。此外，改进气泡法还具有最小化痕量金属沾污、操作简便等优点。将改进气泡法结合与稳定同位素比值质谱测定结合，是准确测定水体生物固氮速率的推荐方法。  相似文献   

新型高分子固化材料耐老化性能的试验研究   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

王银梅韩文峰  谌文武和法国 《工程地质学报》2004,12(3):318-322

因一般高分子材料容易老化 ,尤其是在沙漠环境下 ,强烈的热光辐射、氧化更加速其老化过程。SH为新型高分子固化材料。本文通过SH固化沙体的室内老化试验 ,初步研究了SH的耐老化特征。结果表明 ,在间断或连续紫外线辐照下 ,SH耐老化性能优于同类其他固沙剂 ,可用于沙漠地区固沙  相似文献   

硅藻C₄固碳途径的研究进展     

刘乾  米铁柱  甄毓  王华龙  于志刚 《海洋科学》2018,42(7):131-140

硅藻不仅对全球初级生产力有重要贡献,还在碳的生物地球化学循环、维持海洋生态系统稳定方面起到了重要作用,因此受到广泛关注。结合新兴的高通量测序技术对硅藻固碳途径进行研究,已经证明其在基因组层次上C_4途径所需关键基因的存在,而转录组测序技术则可以在基因组的基础上,结合一系列特定的环境因子展开更深一步的研究。虽然一些硅藻种类中的单细胞C_4途径在其体内的作用仍存在争议,但随着同位素标记,实时荧光定量PCR等技术的发展与应用,这一领域的相关证据不断积累,并发现这一机制除了可以提高Rubisco酶的CO_2固定效率以外,还具有降低光呼吸强度,为碳代谢相关的途径提供还原力和中间代谢产物的重要意义。通过C_4途径与不同生态学尺度相结合的研究,不仅明确了该过程在代谢产物运输和能量流动方面的运行情况,还可以更好得解释硅藻在海洋环境中取得的巨大成功。  相似文献   

微藻应用于煤炭烟气减排的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐少琨  张峰  向文洲  吴园涛  任小波 《地球科学进展》2011,26(9):944-953

长久以来,我国因煤炭燃烧产生的大量CO2、SO2、NOx、烟尘等对生态环境造成了严重危害,煤炭烟气的减排也愈来愈受到重视,利用微藻进行烟气减排正逐渐成为研究热点。主要介绍了微藻固碳和减排生理机制等相关理论基础,阐述了微藻藻种筛选驯化、光生物反应器等减排关键技术研究进展,阐述了国内外微藻煤炭烟气减排应用现状,探讨了微藻烟...  相似文献   

南海北部初级生产力的物理-生物海洋学耦合特征及其对固碳量的影响     

郝锵  宁修仁  蔡昱明  刘诚刚  乐凤凤 《海洋学研究》2011,29(2):46-57

通过修订的VGPM模型,利用南海北部7年平均SeaWiFS和AVHRR遥感资料,分析了该海域河口上升流及反气旋涡等生境表层叶绿素浓度和初级生产力的周年变化,结果表明,季风驱动下的物理一生物海洋学耦合过程是控制研究海域浮游植物生物量和初级生产力时空变化的主导因素.浮游植物生物量和初级生产力随着季风、环流以及中尺度涡等物理...  相似文献   

典型生态系统碳固定价值流量过程研究     

裴厦  谢高地  陈龙 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,(4):307-314

本文基于ChinaFLUX的定位观测数据,研究了二种典型森林生态系统、二种典型草地生态系统和一种典型农田生态系统碳固定价值年内流量和累积过程。研究结果揭示了不同类型生态系统碳固定价值总量的差异,以及价值流量过程和累积曲线的不同变化趋势。5种生态系统按碳固定年价值由大到小的排序为：禹城〉千烟洲〉长白山〉海北〉当雄。千烟洲碳固定日价值和月价值年内变异最小,其次为长白山,禹城再次之,年内变异最大的为当雄和海北。5种生态系统碳固定日价值的累积过程都能很好地拟合为三次方曲线。  相似文献   

Top-down control on major groups of global marine diazotrophs     

Hua Wang  Ya-Wei Luo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(8):111-119

Dinitrogen (N₂) fixed by a group of prokaryotes (diazotrophs) is the dominant process adding bioavailable nitrogen into the ocean. Although it has been intensively studied how N₂ fixation is controlled by resources (bottom-up factors), it is unclear whether the grazing (top-down control) effectively impacts growth and distribution of different diazotroph groups. In this study, we evaluate this question by conducting log-log regression of diazotroph biomass onto corresponding N₂ fixation rates in the global ocean. The slope of the regression for Trichodesmium is ~0.8, indicating that a small portion of the increase in N₂ fixation does not accumulate as its biomass. This leads to a conclusion that Trichodesmium is under a substantial top-down control, although bottom-up control still dominates. We also analyze the residuals of the regression in the North Atlantic, concluding that free trichomes of Trichodesmium are subject to stronger top-down control than its colonies. The weak correlation between the biomass and N₂ fixation of unicellular cyanobacterial diazotrophs indicates that the degree of top-down control on this type of diazotrophs varies greatly. The analyses obtain unrealistic results for diatom-diazotroph assemblages due to complicated nitrogen sources of these symbioses. Our study reveals the variability of top-down control among different diazotroph groups across time and space, suggesting its importance in improving our understandings of ecology of diazotrophs and predictions of N₂ fixation in biogeochemical models. Measurements of size-specific N₂ fixation rates and growth rates of different diazotroph groups can be useful to more reliably analyze the top-down control on these key organisms in the global ocean.  相似文献   

海洋生物固氮速率与影响因素的研究进展     

杨梓阳  李学刚  宋金明  马骏  王启栋 《海洋科学》2022,46(8):146-154

海洋生物固氮是指固氮生物利用固氮酶将氮气转化为生物可利用铵盐的海洋氮元素输入过程,和反硝化及厌氧氨氧化等氮流失途径一起制约着大洋氮收支平衡。而固氮速率的测定是研究海洋生物固氮的最直接方式。自发现海洋生物固氮作用以来,固氮速率的测定方法在不断更新改进,但总体来说仍存在较大不确定性。最近用¹⁵N₂同位素示踪法及其他相关数据综合得到全球海洋固氮量为196.1 Tg N∙a⁻¹,最高固氮速率发生在南太平洋热带地区。但分布受到多种因素的影响。其中,物理因素中的光照和温度是全球范围固氮速率分布的最佳预测因子,光照为固氮过程提供能量,温度通过影响固氮酶活性而发挥作用。在化学因素中,铁元素的缺乏成为固氮的重要限制因子。除此之外,还有生物因素,如浮游植物和异养固氮生物等,对固氮量的贡献影响较大。最近有研究对以往固氮作用区域和反硝化作用空间相互耦合的观点表示质疑,提出二者分布空间分离的新格局。研究多控制因素对固氮生物的耦合效应、明确不同物种对固氮总量的相对贡献以及进一步建立固氮速率的原位测定方法是未来海洋固氮作用研究的主要工作。  相似文献   

A GIS-based study toward forecast of suburban forest change     

Yasuhiro Suzuki  Keiji Kimura  Tatsuto Aoki 《GeoJournal》2000,52(3):203-212

At a time when the concept of ‘human and environmental symbiosis’ has taken on much significance, protection of suburban forests (i.e. forests adjacent to or near developed areas) is a topic that has drawn much attention. Suburban forests have, since ancient times, been places where people have gathered firewood and cultured trees. As a result, the vegetation of suburban forests is only partially natural and continues to change as the forms of human activity in and around them changes. Accurate forecasts of how suburban forests will change are, therefore, an important element in the debate over how to protect them. In this study, a suburban forest was analyzed with laser radar sensing, multi-spectrum scanning, digital photogrammetry analysis, aerial photograph interpretation, and a field survey. Data gathered using these techniques were compiled on a GIS to forecast future changes in the forest. Aerial photographs taken over the past 50 years were analyzed to illuminate changes in the forest over that period. Specifically, comparisons of precise Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) measured by using digital photogrammetry workstations made it possible to estimate growth in forest height. The possible future conversion of such results to estimates of amounts of carbon dioxide consolidated by forests should be very significant for discussions of global environmental problems. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Cyanobacteria in New Zealand inland waters: Experimental studies   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Anthony B. Viner 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):503-507

A small volume of experimental work with cyanobacteria in New Zealand has been produced through the last two decades. Except for some studies with geothermal organisms biased to New Zealand conditions, most work has followed the world‐wide trends in cyanobacterial research. There has been some emphasis on N₂‐fixing species, but symbiotic relationships, metabolic kinetics, nutrient and other environmental factors promoting ecological dominance, and toxicity have been investigated.  相似文献