珍稀濒危植物半日花光合作用日动态变化的初步研究   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  

谭会娟  周海燕  李新荣  张志山 《中国沙漠》2005,25(2):262-267

对半日花的光合生理生态特征的分析表明:在晴朗天气条件下,半日花的净光合速率曲线呈双峰型,在 9:00和15:00左右达到峰值。蒸腾速率日变化曲线呈单峰型,在 15:00 达到最大。数据分析表明:空气温度和气孔导度是半日花光合作用和蒸腾作用的主要影响因子。叶绿素荧光作用参数的日变化结果显示:半日花受中午强光和高温的影响发生光抑制,使PSⅡ系统发生可逆失活,产生光合"午休"现象。  相似文献   

同步辐射加速器X荧光分析技术在北极气溶胶研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

程邦波  谢周清  王新明  黄宇营  何伟  徐思琦  孙立广 《极地研究》2005,17(4):264-271

本文应用同步辐射加速器X荧光(SR-XRF)分析技术并结合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法对中国首次北极考察采集的气溶胶样品进行了定量分析。SR-XRF方法对6种元素的分辨率分别为1.1ng/cm2(Ca)、39.7ng/cm2(V)、17.6ng/cm2(Fe)、2.3ng/cm2(Ni)、1.8ng/cm2(Zn)、6.4ng/cm2(Pb)。6种元素的浓度分别为117.3(ng/m3,Ca)、16.5(ng/m3,V)、19.3(ng/m3,Fe)、3.4(ng/m3,Ni)、4.5(ng/m3,Zn)、1.4(ng/m3,Pb)。该结果与文献报道的相应海区夏季气溶胶化学成分含量具有可比性。由于SR-XRF方法灵敏度高,属于无损分析,在极地气溶胶研究中具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

Diel tuning of photosynthetic systems in ice algae at Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shimpei Aikawa  Hiroshi Hattori  Yasushi Gomi  Kentaro Watanabe  Sakae Kudoh  Yasuhiro Kashino  Kazuhiko Satoh 《Polar Science》2009,3(1):57-72

Ice algae are the major primary producers in seasonally ice-covered oceans during the cold season. Diurnal change in solar radiation is inevitable for ice algae, even beneath seasonal sea ice in lower-latitude regions. In this work, we focused on the photosynthetic response of ice algae under diurnally changing irradiance in Saroma-ko Lagoon, Japan. Photosynthetic properties were assessed by pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. The species composition remained almost the same throughout the investigation. The maximum electron transport rate (rETR_max), which indicates the capacity of photosynthetic electron transport, increased from sunrise until around noon and decreased toward sunset, with no sign of the afternoon depression commonly observed in other photosynthetic organisms. The level of non-photochemical quenching, which indicates photoprotection activity by dissipating excess light energy via thermal processes, changed with diurnal variations in irradiance. The pigment composition appeared constant, except for xanthophyll cycle pigments, which changed irrespective of irradiance. These results indicate that ice algae tune their photosynthetic system harmonically to achieve efficient photosynthesis under diurnally changing irradiance, while avoiding damage to photosystems. This regulation system may be essential for productive photosynthesis in ice algae.  相似文献   

Adaptations of microphytobenthos assemblages to sediment type and tidal position     

B. Jesus  V. Brotas  L. Ribeiro  C.R. Mendes  P. Cartaxana  D.M. Paterson 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

Tagus intertidal microphytobenthos (MPB) assemblages were characterized over a wide range of sediment type and tidal height and the possible effects of these variables on MPB spatial distribution and photo-adaptation mechanisms were investigated. Two transects with six different sediment type and different tidal height sites were sampled once every two months from 2002 to 2004. Upper shore and sandy sites showed higher chlorophyll a (chl a) content, with sandy sediments showing a biomass peak in late winter–early spring, and muddy sites showing no obvious seasonal pattern. Stepwise multiple linear regressions showed that only SiO₂, tidal height and sediment particle size <63 μm were significant variables (p<0.05), explaining 50% of MPB biomass spatial–temporal variability. However, when data were separated by transect, only tidal height remained significant at both transects. Sandier sediments exhibited higher zeaxanthin/chl a and lower fucoxanthin/chl a ratios characteristic of a mixed cyanobacteria/diatom assemblages, showing an alternate seasonality with cyanobacteria increasing in summer and diatoms dominating in spring. Diatom biofilms showed contrasting features depending on the sediment type. Epipsammic diatoms were small with an average length of around 10 μm, while epipelic diatoms showed a wider size range with size distribution peaks at 10–15 μm, 25–35 μm and >60 μm. Epipelic biofilms showed evidence of being low light-acclimated (high fucoxanthin/chl a) and of photo-regulating by vertical migration movements (presence of endogenous vertical rhythms and lower diatoxanthin/diadinoxanthin). Epipsammic biofilms showed higher diatoxanthin/diadinoxanthin ratios and no vertical migration rhythms. Thus, the two diatom biofilm types had distinct strategies to photo-regulate: epipelic diatoms using vertical migration to position themselves at the sediment depth of optimum light conditions, and epipsammic diatoms using the xanthophyll cycle to photo-regulate. Further studies comparing epipsammic and epipelic assemblages are necessary to better understand MPB photo-regulation mechanisms.  相似文献   

Measuring natural phytoplankton fluorescence and biomass: a case study of algal bloom in the Pearl River estuary     

Zhao J  Cao W  Yang Y  Wang G  Zhou W  Sun Z 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(10):1795-1801

A moored optical buoy was deployed in the Pearl River estuarine waters for a 15-day period. A four-day algal bloom event occurred during this study period. Both chlorophyll a concentration and algal cell density (a proxy for biomass) changed dramatically before and after the event. The chlorophyll concentration at a 2.3 m depth rose from 5.15 mg/m⁻³ at 15:00 h on August 19 to 23.62 mg/m⁻³ at 9:00 h on August 21, and then decreased to 3.24 mg/m⁻³ at 15:00 h on August 24. The corresponding cell density ranged from 1.57 × 10⁵ to 1.76 × 10⁶ cells/L. We used normalized fluorescence line height (NFLH) and normalized fluorescence intensity (NFI) in order to determine fluorescence activity. Combined with the in situ sampling dataset, we were able to correlate natural fluorescence (NFLH and NFI) with chlorophyll a concentrations, and found correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.75, respectively. We also found correlations between natural fluorescence and cell density, with correlation coefficients of 0.71 and 0.65, respectively. These results indicate that applying continuous time series of natural fluorescence can reflect changes in biomass. This technique will prove extremely useful for in situ and real-time observations using an optical buoy. Although there are still problems to solve in the real-time observation of natural fluorescence in algal bloom events, we discuss the primary factors affecting fluorescence signals and suggest possible methods for mitigating these issues.  相似文献   

胜利油区某探区土壤吸附烃组份异常成因属性浅析     

贾国相  张有志  黄书俊  栾继琛 《矿产与地质》2000,(Z1)

通过胜利油区某探区烃类组份的相关性特征、三维荧光特征、甲烷碳同位素特征及烃类组份的某些比值特征等 4项参数的对比分析 ,认为该区土壤吸附烃组份异常的成因主要属热解成因的油田伴生气或凝析气 ,基本可排除地表生物降解成因气、人工污染气、煤成气形成异常的可能性。土壤吸附烃组份异常推断为深部油气藏在地表的响应  相似文献   

Intercomparison of Formaldehyde Measurements in Clean and Polluted Atmospheres   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. M. Cárdenas  D. J. Brassington  B. J. Allan  H. Coe  B. Alicke  Ulrich Platt  K. M. Wilson  J. M. C. Plane  S. A. Penkett 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,37(1):53-80

Three different techniques used tomeasure atmospheric formaldehyde were compared duringa field campaign carried out at a clean maritime siteon the West coast of Ireland. Two spectroscopictechniques Differential Optical AbsorptionSpectroscopy (DOAS) and Tunable Diode Laser AbsorptionSpectroscopy (TDLAS), together with a glass coil/Hantzschreaction/fluorescence technique, wereemployed for measurements of atmospheric formaldehydeof the order of a few hundred pptv. The betteragreement was observed between the fluorescence andDOAS instruments.Two DOAS instruments were compared to the glasscoil/Hantzsch reaction/fluorescence technique at asemi-polluted site on the North Norfolk coast, U.K.,where concentrations of formaldehyde were observed atlevels up to 4 ppbv. A very good agreement wasobserved between the two instruments.The glass coil/Hantzsch reaction/fluorescence and theTDLAS instruments were also deployed simultaneously inorder to measure indoor air inside a mobile laboratorylocated at the Imperial College Silwood Park site nearAscot, U.K. The doors of the mobile laboratory wereleft open in order to obtain the backgroundformaldehyde concentrations. Closing them afterwardsallowed us to observe the increase in concentrationsas a result of indoor emissions. The agreement betweenthe two instruments was outstanding (correlationcoefficient was 99%).The results from this study showed that of the fourinstruments included in this intercomparison the glasscoil/Hantzsch reaction/fluorescence technique provedthe most suitable for continuous measurements offormaldehyde in the background atmosphere.  相似文献   

Dissolved organic matter fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to estimate biological activity in a coastal zone submitted to anthropogenic inputs   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

E. Parlanti  K. Wrz  L. Geoffroy  M. Lamotte 《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12)

Here we report on an investigation of the three-dimensional excitation-emission-matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of unconcentrated water samples collected in 1996, 1998 and 1999 at a site particularly propitious for macro-algae development. The degradation of these macro-algae was studied to determine the influence of their exudates on natural water EEM fluorescence spectra. This work demonstrates that biological activity is one of the major factors involved in the formation of the blue-shifted fluorescence band observed in marine waters (β component Ex/Em=310–320 nm/380–410 nm); our study also shows that fluorescence can be used to evaluate the biological activity both quantitatively and to determine its different phases.  相似文献   

微电流电解对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)叶绿素荧光特性的影响     

林莉  冯璁  李青云  吴敏  赵良元 《湖泊科学》2015,27(5):873-879

研究微电流电解不同电流密度下铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的叶绿素荧光参数变化,从藻类生理生态特征方面揭示电解抑藻的作用机理.结果表明:对于体积一定而初始细胞密度不同的铜绿微囊藻藻液,微电流电解抑藻存在相应的临界电流密度阈值,当电流密度阈值时,藻的生长得到完全抑制.当电流密度阈值时,藻的光系统Ⅱ受损,但经过6 d的培养其生理活性可恢复正常.若电流密度临界值,电解胁迫将超过藻的耐受能力,从培养的第2 d开始藻的光系统Ⅱ功能完全丧失.电解抑藻一方面是通过破坏光系统Ⅱ和捕光天线藻胆体之间的连接,使藻胆体无法继续向光系统Ⅱ传递光能;另一方面是通过破坏藻细胞光系统Ⅱ结构,使其无法进行光合作用,最终导致藻细胞的死亡.  相似文献   

鄂东南某铀矿勘查区地气与X荧光异常特征及找矿意义          下载免费PDF全文

张国亚  周四春  刘晓辉  刘俊  杨奎  朱剑 《高校地质学报》2014,20(4):564

采用地气与土壤X荧光（地球化学） 测量法,对鄂东南某铀矿勘查区开展隐伏铀矿找矿工作,结果表明铀矿赋存在 工作区主断裂和次级断裂中,在含矿断裂上方及断裂延伸方向的相邻区域形成含U的地气与土壤地球化学异常区。异常区 内Pb,Zn,Cu,Au的地气异常明显且具有一定的差异,同时伴有幅度较低的W,Bi,Y,Mo,Mn,As等元素组合异常。 根据勘查区获得的地气与土壤X荧光资料综合分析,在测区西北的次级断裂F7北部捕获的地气与土壤异常具有已知矿异常 的全部特征。依据地气异常位置与断裂的关系,推断铀矿可能埋深在200~350 m左右,矿体在走向上可能有220 m的延续。目 前,在该异常区布设的钻孔已在200 m深度见到铀矿体,进一步的探矿工程还在进行中。  相似文献