耕地与粮食安全战略:藏粮于土,提高中国土地资源的综合生产能力   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

封志明  李香莲 《地理与地理信息科学》2000,16(3):1-5

耕地资源的数量和质量是粮食生产的基本保证 ,耕地资源安全是中国粮食安全的关键。我国耕地安全的基本态势是 :人均耕地不足、后备资源有限、地域分布失衡。世界粮食态势同样不容乐观 ,中国粮食问题全球瞩目。要保证我国耕地与粮食安全 ,从根本上解决“藏粮于库”问题 ,有必要实施“藏粮于土”计划 ,全面提高中国土地资源的综合生产力。其主要战略内容是 :切实保护耕地 ,建立国家级耕地保护区 ;实施土地整理 ,提高土地资源利用率 ;建设基本农田 ,提高土地资源生产效率 ;建立小区平衡机制 ,提高农业资源区域配置效率 ;立足全部国土 ,挖掘非耕地食物资源生产潜力。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variability in feeding and condition of age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in frontal regions of the Bering Sea     

Brodeur  Richard D.; Wilson  Matthew T.; Ciannelli  Lorenzo 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(2):256-264

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Seasonal Response of Planktonic Foraminifera to Surface Ocean Condition: Sediment Trap Results from the Central North Pacific Ocean     

Nobuhisa O. Eguchi  Hodaka Kawahata  Asahiko Taira 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(6):681-691

The fluxes of planktonic foraminifera (calcareous shell producing zooplankton) were examined in order to clarify temporal and regional variations in production in the upper ocean in relation to hydrographic conditions. Three time-series sediment traps were deployed in the central North Pacific along 175°E for about one year, beginning in June 1993. Trap sites were located in the subarctic, the transition, and the subtropical water masses, from north to south. The southernmost site was under the influence of the transition zone in January to May. Both temporal and regional fluxes of planktonic foraminifera showed large variations during the experiment. In the subarctic water mass, high total foraminiferal fluxes (TFFs) and high organic matter fluxes (OMFs) were observed during summer to fall, suggesting that food availability is the most important factor for the production of planktonic foraminifera. Furthermore, low TFFs during winter were ascribed to low food availability and low temperatures. The OMFs and TFFs correlated well and increased rapidly after the disruption of the seasonal thermocline during winter, peaking in late February to early March in the transition zone. In the subtropical water mass, both OMFs and TFFs remained low due to lower productivity under oligotrophic conditions. In general, TFFs show a positive correlation with OMFs during the trap experiment, suggesting that food availability is one of the factors controlling the production of planktonic foraminifera in the central North Pacific. Relatively low TFFs during summer to fall in the subtropical water mass may be caused by the thermal structure of the upper ocean. Low SST possibly reduces the production of foraminifera during winter in the subarctic region.  相似文献   

Determination of adsorbed and absorbed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in seawater microorganisms     

Petra Wallberg  Agneta Andersson   《Marine Chemistry》1999,64(4):51

To distinguish between adsorbed and absorbed PCBs in seawater microorganisms, 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #153; HCB) was added to a pure culture of Chrysochromulina apheles Moestrup et H.A. Thomsen. After the addition of the HCB, the cells were immediately harvested onto 2 μm polycarbonate filters and rinsed with a gradient of ethanol concentrations. Rinsing with 40% ethanol (v/v) was found to remove 80% of the HCB, which was loosely adsorbed to the cell surfaces, but did not extract the interior of the cells, as tested by chlorophyll a analysis. This method was used in a time course experiment which estimated PCBs adsorption and absorption to different groups of plankton organisms. Three different ¹⁴C-PCBs, 4-chlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #3; MCB), 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #52; TCB), and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #153, HCB), were incubated in seawater from the northern Baltic Sea during a spring bloom. Samples were taken every third day and separated by filtration into three fractions; 0.2–2 μm (bacteria), 2–10 μm (flagellates), and >10 μm (microplankton; phytoplankton and protozoa). Two subsamples were retained from each size fraction. One of the subsamples was left untreated, to obtain adsorbed plus absorbed PCB, while the other subsample was rinsed with 40% of ethanol, to obtain the absorbed PCB. The sorption was found to vary depending on the hydrophobicity of the compounds, the structure of the cell membranes, and the lipid content and composition of the cells. The absorption increased for the TCB and the HCB in the largest size fraction over time, which coincided with an increase of the neutral and non-polar lipids.  相似文献   

专家系统和神经网络相结合用于钻进过程安全监控   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史玉升  张嗣伟  樊启蕴  李相方 《现代地质》1999,(3)

提出了把专家系统和神经网络混合起来使用的新方法, 这种方法可以克服专家系统和神经网络单独使用时的缺陷。以钻进过程的安全监控为例, 研究了这种方法在确定性和不确定性条件下的使用步骤及效果。  相似文献   

太湖秀丽白虾生物学与食性的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

施炜钢  严小梅  邴旭文 《湖泊科学》1995,7(1):69-76

对太湖秀丽白虾怀卵亲体进行培养,两次共获苗1．35万余尾,在实验室内成功地实成了是苗至亲体一个生命周期的饲养,同期结合对太湖白虾的定期采样测定,分析描述了太湖白虾的生产与繁残规律,并对其食性进行了定性与定量的研究分析。  相似文献   

太湖椭圆萝卜螺的食物来源分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李宽意  刘正文  李传红  李艳敏  文明章 《湖泊科学》2008,20(3):339-343

椭圆萝卜螺（Radix swinhoei）是太湖常见螺类,能牧食附着生物与多种水生植物。对植食性螺类而言,食物的主要来源究竟是水生植物还是附着生物尚存在争议。以来自太湖的苦草、轮叶黑藻、附着生物及混合食物（苦草＋轮叶黑藻＋附着生物）作为椭圆萝卜螺的四组食物,通过两个月的室内养殖实验,根据椭圆萝卜螺的生长指标来分析其主要食物来源。结果表明：以苦草、轮叶黑藻为食物时,椭圆萝卜螺的成活率（成螺）、特定生长率（幼螺与成螺）均显著低于附着生物、混合食物,食物种类对幼螺成活率的影响则不显著。另外,食物种类对幼螺壳长的增长有显著影响,在牧食两种水生植物后,幼螺平均每天壳长增长在0.01-0.02mm之间,而牧食附着生物与混合食物后每天增长0.05mm以上。分析认为,椭圆萝卜螺尽管牧食水生植物,但附着生物仍是其主要的食物来源,并对其原因进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

食物与桡足类营养级对亚热带分层水库浮游动物群落结构的影响     

陈辉煌  王文平  薛媛媛  高肖飞  金磊  杨军 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):174-183

于2014年10-12月,采集厦门溪东水库浮游动物、浮游植物、浮游细菌与悬浮物样品,分析浮游动物群落与食物质量和食物浓度的关系,探讨桡足类营养级变化对浮游动物的影响.结果 表明,空间上后生浮游动物群落结构在水库不同水层间的差异不显著;时间上桡足类在水华期和非水华期的差异不显著,枝角类和轮虫在水华期和非水华期的差异显著....  相似文献   

渤海主要渔业资源结构的演变分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许思思  宋金明  段丽琴  吴晓丹  徐亚岩 《海洋科学》2010,34(6):59-65

通过对现有资料的系统分析,简化了渤海生态系统食物网,并剖析了近50年来渤海主要渔业资源结构的变化特征,这对进一步阐明渤海生态系统动力学的变化特征以及研究渔业资源衰退的原因有重要的科学意义。研究表明,渤海主要鱼类可聚为4类:游泳动物食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类和腐屑食性鱼类,在此基础上渤海生态系统食物网可简化为3条食物链:浮游植物→浮游动物→浮游动物食性鱼类→游泳动物食性鱼类(第一条食物链);浮游植物和碎屑→底栖动物→底栖动物食性鱼类和头足类→游泳动物食性鱼类(第二条食物链);碎屑→腐屑食性鱼类(第三条食物链)。20世纪50年代末以来,第一条食物链渔业资源已取代第二条食物链渔业资源成为最主要的渔业资源,第三条食物链渔业资源生物量百分比呈上升趋势,近年来已成为继第一条食物链渔业资源的第二大类渔业资源。渔业捕捞、渤海次级生产力结构的变化以及各渔业资源生物自身生长和繁殖特点的不同是导致渤海主要渔业资源结构变化的重要因素。  相似文献   

Causes of variation in crystal morphology in metamorphogenic pyrite deposits of the Cameros Basin (N Spain)     

J. Alonso‐Azcrate  M. Rodas  L. Fernndez‐Díaz  S.H. Bottrell  J. R. Mas  S. Lpez‐Andrs 《Geological Journal》2001,36(2):159-170

The low‐grade metasediments of the Cameros Basin, northern Spain, host a number of deposits of spectacular quality pyrite mineralization. These formed during regional metamorphism and the pyrite crystals exhibit a wide range of morphologies. On the basis of pyrite crystal habit, the deposits can be classified into two groups: Group I comprises deposits with cubic, elongated or platy crystals; Group II comprises deposits characterized by pyritohedra and cubo‐pyritohedra with striated faces, along with blocky crystals and fine‐grained aggregates. Group I deposits are formed in sequences dominated by meandriform fluviatile sediments, while Group II is hosted by deltaic plain and lacustrine metasediments. Temperature differences between deposits and As content are possible causes of the different pyrite morphologies in the deposits, but no significant variation exists between the two groups for either factor. Comparison with experimentally grown pyrite crystals suggests that Group I deposits have morphologies indicative of lower degrees of pyrite supersaturation than pyrite crystals in Group II deposits. The sedimentary facies hosting Group II deposits provides a greater availability of sedimentary sulphur (pyrite and sulphates). Moreover, reactions involving sulphate during metamorphism may have modified fluid chemistry, which would also act to produce higher degrees of pyrite saturation in fluids derived from the sulphate‐rich deltaic plain and lacustrine metasediments hosting the Group II deposits. This hypothesis is confirmed by sulphur isotope data on the pyrites, which show a larger component of³⁴S‐enriched sulphate‐derived sulphur in these deposits. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献