Remote measurement of river morphology via fusion of LiDAR topography and spectrally based bathymetry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carl J. Legleiter 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(5):499-518

This study developed and evaluated a hybrid approach to remote measurement of river morphology that combines LiDAR topography with spectrally based bathymetry. Comparison of filtered LiDAR point clouds with surveyed cross‐sections indicated that subtle features on low‐relief floodplains were accurately resolved by LiDAR but that submerged areas could not be detected due to strong absorption of near‐infrared laser pulses by water. The reduced number of returns made the active channel evident in a LiDAR point density map. A second dataset suggested that pulse intensity also could be used to discriminate land from water via a threshold‐based masking procedure. Fusion of LiDAR and optical data required accurate co‐registration of images to the LiDAR, and we developed an object‐oriented procedure for achieving this alignment. Information on flow depths was derived by correlating pixel values with field measurements of depth. Highly turbid conditions dictated a positive relation between green band radiance and flow depth and contributed to under‐prediction of pool depths. Water surface elevations extracted from the LiDAR along the water's edge were used to produce a continuous water surface that preserved along‐channel variations in slope. Subtracting local flow depths from this surface yielded estimates of the bed elevation that were then combined with LiDAR topography for exposed areas to create a composite representation of the riverine terrain. The accuracy of this terrain model was assessed via comparison with detailed field surveys. A map of elevation residuals showed that the greatest errors were associated with underestimation of pool depths and failure to capture cross‐stream differences in water surface elevation. Nevertheless, fusion of LiDAR and passive optical image data provided an efficient means of characterizing river morphology that would not have been possible if either dataset had been used in isolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Correlation Between Coastal Geomorphology and Tsunami Inundation Along the Coast of Kanyakumari,India     

N.Chandrasekar  S.Saravanan  M.Rajamanickam  C.Hentry  G.V.Rajamanickam 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,(1):1-6

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库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产的旅游开发   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴晋峰  郭峰  王鑫  李蕾 《中国沙漠》2012,32(4):1163-1168

对库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产进行旅游开发,既有利于“大敦煌”地区人-地关系的和谐演进,又有利于全面推进“大敦煌”地区旅游业的可持续发展。应用观察法、描述法、系统调查分析法等定性研究方法,在阐述库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产旅游开发意义的基础上,建设性地提出将库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产开发为旅游产品、旅游商品和旅游节事的途径、方式和方法。最后,根据风沙地貌特征和旅游发展需要,指出对库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产进行旅游开发时应该注意的生态环境保护、旅游形象和安全管理、基础设施建设等问题。  相似文献   

江苏中部海岸潮沟的形态变化特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴德力  沈永明  方仁建 《地理学报》2013,68(7):955-965

作为一种典型的潮滩地貌单元,潮沟(tidal creeks) 在江苏中部海岸潮间带广泛发育,并表现出复杂的摆动性。本文根据1981-2010 年遥感影像和野外观测数据,对该区潮沟的平面形态变化进行了分析。结果显示,江苏中部海岸潮沟(根据其长度差异) 一般分为4 级,1~3 级潮沟的个数分别为21、97 和688 (1:5:33),其平均长度分别为7587±1544 m、1921±916 m和327±200 m;潮沟在中潮带比较发育,其密度和分汊率明显大于高潮带和低潮带;主潮沟曲率从高潮带向低潮带呈减小趋势;外来引种互花米草扩展和大规模滩涂围垦活动对潮沟产生了较大影响,其中后者明显地抑制了潮沟的发育。研究区潮沟的摆动性具有明显的区域和级别差异。与研究区北部的潮滩区域相比,海岸潮差较大的南部潮滩区潮沟的摆动性较大;同一个潮沟系统其1 级潮沟的摆动性>2 级潮沟>3 级潮沟;同一条潮沟其下段的摆动性>中段>上段;同一区段弯曲岸段的摆动性>顺直岸段;1 级潮沟上段、2 级潮沟中上段、3 级潮沟或位于盐沼内的潮沟其摆动性不明显。  相似文献   

地貌格局与流域侵蚀产沙过程关系定量分析——以黄河中游河龙区间为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王计平  黄志霖  刘洋  许申来  卫伟  陈利顶 《地理研究》2013,32(2):275-284

以河龙区间42个流域为对象,在流域地貌格局信息提取和侵蚀产沙过程特征指标计算及其相互关系分析的基础上,探讨地貌格局对流域侵蚀产沙过程的影响。结果表明:①在河道系统水平,河流数量、长度等几何特征指标和河流分叉率(Rb₁₂)、分级率(Rd₃₂)、相邻级别间的河流长度比等形状特征指标与流域侵蚀模数显著相关;②在流域系统水平,坡度粗糙度、相对高差、圆度比、高长比是影响流域侵蚀产沙过程的主要指标,其中坡度粗糙度是最根本的解释变量;③各地貌格局因子间相互作用复杂,且对侵蚀过程的影响要强于泥沙输移过程,其通径分析模型对流域侵蚀模数、输沙模数和泥沙输移比变化的解释度分别为65%、33%和20%。这对正确认识影响流域侵蚀产沙过程的格局因素和建立准确的过程模型,具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

Identifying the probabilistic structure of drained areas as a function of hypsometry in river networks          下载免费PDF全文

Pierre‐Stéphane Gsell  Nicolas Le Moine  Roger Moussa  Pierre Ribstein 《水文研究》2015,29(7):1729-1745

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Denudation history of the Southeastern Highlands of Australia     

J. A. Webb 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(7):841-850

The low-relief summit plateaus (high plains) of the Southeastern Highlands are remnants of a widespread peneplain that was initially uplifted in the mid-Cretaceous and reached its current elevation in the Miocene–Pliocene. There are two mutually exclusive scenarios for the origin of the high plains: an uplifted peneplain originally formed by long-term denudation through the Mesozoic and late Paleozoic, contrasting with creation by ～1.5 km of erosion following the mid-Cretaceous uplift (based on fission track data). The hypothesis of a Mesozoic peneplain is consistent with the low relief of the high plains, the ca 200 Ma available to form the peneplain, and the pre-late Mesozoic oxygen-isotope composition of secondary kaolinites in weathering profiles on the high plains. If the ca 30 Ma cooling event recorded by the fission track data is due to ～1.5 km of denudation, then the high plains peneplain formed in the Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene, close to sea-level, and was uplifted in the early Paleogene, because evidence from basalts and fossil floras shows that the high plains surface was moderately elevated in the Eocene. This scenario is difficult to reconcile with the long-term erosion necessary to form such an extensive peneplain, the lack of sedimentary evidence for early Paleogene uplift, and the relatively small reduction in elevation (～250 m) that would have resulted from ～1.5 km of erosion (because the crust in this area is in isostatic equilibrium). Furthermore, extensive Cretaceous–early Paleogene denudation should have removed the pre-late Mesozoic secondary kaolinites present in weathering profiles in the highlands. There is no evidence that the Mesozoic peneplain was buried by kilometres of sediment and then exhumed in the Cretaceous–early Paleogene. I therefore conclude that the high plains of the Southeastern Highlands are the remnants of a Mesozoic peneplain uplifted in the mid-Cretaceous and again in the Miocene–Pliocene.  相似文献   

内蒙古达里诺尔火山群火山地貌特征及火山岩岩石学特点     

李霓  龚丽文  赵勇伟  樊祺诚  王佳龙  张传杰 《岩石学报》2017,33(1):137-147

在内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟与赤峰交界处、达里湖的西北部有一群第四纪火山,数目达上百座,多数为中心式或裂隙-中心式喷发,形成相对高度在50~130m之间的火山锥,它们被称为"达里诺尔火山群",也是世界上海拔较高的火山群之一。因锥体形成后受风化、流水侵蚀等外力作用,多数火山锥已受剥蚀,但相对较新的火山还保留着完整的火山机构,包括火山渣锥、火山口、降落和溅落堆积物、塌陷坑、熔岩流、喷气锥等。达里诺尔火山锥体多由火山碎屑物组成,熔岩则流动迭加在早期形成的多级熔岩台地之上,分布总面积约3100km2,与其它火山岩共同组成了广阔的内蒙古高原。火山区整体呈四周低、中间阶梯状隆起的台地地形,按高程可分为四个阶梯,高度分别为1280m、1360m、1440m和1500m。熔岩台地的展布和火山锥的分布均呈东西走向的条带状,火山群的整体分布主要受东西向天山-阴山基底断裂和北东向大兴安岭-太行山断裂的双重影响,与大地构造关系密切。本群火山锥体虽然大小不一、形态各异,但按锥体形态可将火山锥分为截顶单锥形、复合型、盾形和残余型等四类,其剥蚀程度有明显差异,暗示了火山喷发活动时代的先后关系。锥形及复合型火山位于火山群中部,而盾形火山多沿台地边部分布,残余形火山则分布广泛,表明台地边部火山形成时间较早,晚期火山活动集中于台地中部,而更早期造台地的溢流式拉斑玄武岩喷发规模更大,形成本区基底。达里诺尔火山岩的岩性主要为碧玄岩和碱性玄武岩,少量为粗面玄武岩,虽然SiO_2变化范围较大,但全碱含量变化幅度相对较小,均属钾质系列的碱性火山岩范畴。火山岩斑晶数量少,在镜下为斑状结构,基质多为隐晶质,少量微晶质,明显不同于火山岩之下早期熔岩台地火山岩的基质显晶质结构。火山岩的微量元素呈LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型,显示了岩浆低度部分熔融的特征,并且本区与邻区火山岩可能有共同或相似的岩浆源。在岩性相近的基础上,结合火山锥体剥蚀和保留程度显示的火山活动相对时序,暗示本区岩浆成分从碱性玄武质和粗面玄武质逐渐演化为碧玄质,岩浆可能来自软流圈,且来源逐渐变深。  相似文献   

南海中西部地貌单元划分及其特征和成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

祝嵩  姚永坚  罗伟东  徐子英  鞠东  刘胜旋 《地球学报》2017,38(6):897-909

南海中西部处于南海北部和南部的过渡带,夹持于印支地块和南海海底扩张中心之间,其特殊的地貌对于研究整个南海地质地貌有重要意义。本文基于广州海洋地质调查局在南海中西部海洋地质调查项目获取的水深、底质调查及地震剖面数据,结合该海域以往研究成果,提取了有关地貌的信息,编制了南海中西部地貌图。把研究区划分出陆架、陆坡和深海盆地三个二级地貌单元,以及水下岸坡、水下浅滩、海岭、峡谷、麻坑、阶地、盆地、海台、海山、深海扇、深海平原等众多次级地貌单元。文章详细描述了该海域各地貌单元的特征,提出了断层、火山、构造隆起和浊流等地质作用是本区地貌形成的主要因素。  相似文献   

Accounting for uncertainty in DEMs from repeat topographic surveys: improved sediment budgets   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Joseph M. Wheaton  James Brasington  Stephen E. Darby  David A. Sear 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(2):136-156

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