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181.
地震地貌学研究的现状及展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地震地貌学是通过三维地震资料平面及空间特征,结合地震地层学理论,来解读和还原古地貌、古沉积和其他地质信息的一门综合性学科,其核心技术是通过快速浏览三维地震资料主测线、联络测线及时间切片等来识别"特殊地质体"。该学科的建立,在真正意义上实现了地震解释从二维到三维的跨越,已在指导勘探和储层预测上发挥了巨大作用。从层位解释、平行解释层位切片或地层切片、振幅属性提取和分析、地震信号体素追踪、特殊属性数据体分析以及多数据体属性叠加显示等六大方面介绍了地震地貌学分析技术的应用实例。地震地貌学还处在起步阶段,未来的发展趋势将会主要集中于:(1)海相和陆相背景下碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积演化研究;(2)基于地震资料的生储盖层及源岩岩性的精确预测,如深水沉积环境下河道砂体精细追踪及河道内部沉积结构划分等;(3)层序地层学理论与模式的改进与发展;(4)储层物性定量化研究、储层非均质性研究以及更加先进的分析技术手段等。 相似文献
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Progress in some areas of process‐based aeolian sediment transport research is hampered by limited opportunities for data comparison, synthesis, and integration. This is partially due to a lack of reliable comparison methods. Many comparison methods are forms of calibration that are either restrictive (e.g., time‐averages only) or non‐existent (e.g., for field‐based sediment transport thresholds or vertical mass flux profiles). It is believed that the adoption of standard methods for common measurements may improve inter‐study comparison, add value and longevity to data, and advance integrative modeling efforts. Examples of approaches in allied disciplines where standards are used routinely are reviewed and we discuss how the mutual benefits of standardized data could outweigh perceived disadvantages. Overall, the goal of this commentary is to encourage discussion, self‐assessment, and forethought with regard to measurement methods used in process‐based aeolian geomorphology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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River mouths along the Israeli Mediterranean coast are characterized by a dynamic morphology as their channels migrate hundreds of meters along the coast. This study examines the dynamic morphology of seven such river mouths. It offers a conceptual model aimed at generalizing and describing their spatial and temporal morphological patterns, and the environmental factors influencing them. The study methodology comprised a detailed monitoring and mapping by GIS techniques, with quantitative data derived from historic aerial photographs, river discharge records, wave measurements, and a digital elevation model. These data were incorporated into a homogenous database and subsequently applied in the investigation of the morphological patterns of these mouths, and the analysis of their influencing factors. River mouths in this study occur in two distinctive topographic settings. In one setting (here termed barrier topography) the river mouth is deflected alongshore by a sandy barrier. In the second setting (termed funnel topography) the river mouth is confined to a funnel‐shaped topographic depression perpendicular to the coast. The behavior of river mouths in these two settings is quite distinctive. Barrier mouths usually migrate over larger distances, as they tend to deflect along a sand barrier and establish semi‐permanent channels along the dune toe. This enables the wide range migration of semi‐permanent channels over decades. Funnel topography mouths deflect over shorter distances and they rapidly migrate within the funnel boundaries. This study concludes that the topographic setting of the beach, a constant element in the temporal scale of this study, is the primary influencing factor on the morphology of the mouths studied. The influence of other factors on the morphology of these mouths differs in space and time and depends on the topographic settings. 相似文献
186.
Detailed reconstructions of the vegetation of Iberia during the last glacial inception are rare due to the limited number of terrestrial sites recording this period. Active retreat of El Asperillo cliff, located on the Atlantic coast of southwestern Iberia, has exposed a fossil organic level dating back to one of the early stades of the last glacial cycle. Pollen and macrofossil analyses from this site show that the Doñana area was covered mainly by steppic vegetation; temperate trees survived the coldest periods, albeit in reduced numbers. Mediterranean taxa are extremely reduced, in contrast with other dry areas of southern Iberia over this time span. This vegetation suggests cold and arid climatic conditions, in accordance with paleoclimatic reconstructions based on several Atlantic marine cores. 相似文献
187.
工程区周边地貌特征不但是判识新构造运动的重要标志,而且对河谷发育及区域稳定性评价是十分重要的.对拟建的大渡河巴拉水电站的河谷阶地以及水电站的上、中、下坝区域内的现存地貌和第四系进行了详细的调查,从研究当地地貌和河谷地貌特征、河流阶地及第四系河床沉积物入手,分析当地地质作用发育史及其主要影响因素. 相似文献
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Research and compilation of the Geomorphologic Atlas of the People’s Republic of China (1:1,000,000)
CHENG Weiming ZHOU Chenghu CHAI Huixia ZHAO Shangmin LIU Haijiang ZHOU Zengpo 《地理学报》2011,21(1):89-100
Geomorphologic maps are one of the most fundamental materials of the natural environment. They have been widely used in scientific research, resource exploration and extraction, education and military affairs etc. An editorial committee was established in 2001 to collect materials for researching and compiling a set of new 1:1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of China. A digital geomorphologic database was created with visual interpretation from Landsat TM/ETM imageries and SRTM-DEM etc. The atlas compiled from the database was finished. The main characteristics of the atlas are as follows: Firstly, Landsat TM/ETM imageries, published geomorphologic maps or sketches, geographical base maps, digital geological maps, and other thematic maps were collected, which were uniformly geometrically rectified, clipped into uniform sheets, and stored in the foundation database. Secondly, based on the legends of 15 sheets 1:1,000,000 maps published in the 1980s, a geomorphologic classification system was built by combining morphology and genesis types. The system comprised seven hierarchical layers: basic morphology, genesis, sub-genesis, morphology, micro-morphology, slope and aspect, material composition and lithology. These layers were stored in the database during visual image interpretation. About 2000 kinds of morpho- genesis and 300 kinds of morpho-structure were interpreted. Thirdly, the legend system was built, which included color, symbol bases and note bases etc., compilation standards and procedures were developed, 74 sheets of 1:1,000,000 covering all land and sea territories of China were compiled, the 1:1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of the People’s Republic of China was finished and published. The atlas will fill the blanks in national basic scale thematic maps, and the geomorphologic database could be applied widely in many fields in the future. 相似文献
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