Tectonic controls on a large landslide complex: Williams Fork Mountains near Dillon, Colorado   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Karl S. Kellogg   《Geomorphology》2001,41(4)

An extensive ( 25 km²) landslide complex covers a large area on the west side of the Williams Fork Mountains in central Colorado. The complex is deeply weathered and incised, and in most places geomorphic evidence of sliding (breakaways, hummocky topography, transverse ridges, and lobate distal zones) are no longer visible, indicating that the main mass of the slide has long been inactive. However, localized Holocene reactivation of the landslide deposits is common above the timberline (at about 3300 m) and locally at lower elevations. Clasts within the complex, as long as several tens of meters, are entirely of crystalline basement (Proterozoic gneiss and granitic rocks) from the hanging wall of the Laramide (Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary), west-directed Williams Range thrust, which forms the western structural boundary of the Colorado Front Range. Late Cretaceous shale and sandstone compose most footwall rocks. The crystalline hanging-wall rocks are pervasively fractured or shattered, and alteration to clay minerals is locally well developed. Sackung structures (trenches or small-scale grabens and upslope-facing scarps) are common near the rounded crest of the range, suggesting gravitational spreading of the fractured rocks and oversteepening of the mountain flanks. Late Tertiary and Quaternary incision of the Blue River Valley, just west of the Williams Fork Mountains, contributed to the oversteepening. Major landslide movement is suspected during periods of deglaciation when abundant meltwater increased pore-water pressure in bedrock fractures.A fault-flexure model for the development of the widespread fracturing and weakening of the Proterozoic basement proposes that the surface of the Williams Range thrust contains a concave-downward flexure, the axis of which coincides approximately with the contact in the footwall between Proterozoic basement and mostly Cretaceous rocks. Movement of brittle, hanging-wall rocks through the flexure during Laramide deformation pervasively fractured the hanging-wall rocks.  相似文献   

论中国盐湖   总被引：45，自引：3，他引：45  

郑绵平 《矿床地质》2001,20(2):182-189,128

中国是一个多盐湖的国家，并有悠久的盐湖开发历史。第四纪盐湖主要分布于我国西部和东北部。笔者将中国盐湖划分为4个盐湖区和13个盐湖亚区。已知的4种盐湖水化学类型在中国均已找到。这些盐湖水化学类型以柴达木－塔里木东部干旱（极干旱）地区为中心，向外围发生有规律的变化。自第四纪以来，中国盐湖带反映出有6次以上干旱扩张期，该发现对于阐明中国乃于东亚第四纪古气候环境演变有着重要意义。  相似文献   

构造重力扩展机制的地质力学模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵其华  王兰生 《工程地质学报》1995,3(1):21-27

本文采用相似材料的地质力学机制模拟试验再现并验证了西安地裂缝的构造重力扩展机制，得出了构造重力扩展机制是西安地裂缝形成的根本成因，同时还得出了工程建筑物只要避开地裂缝一定距离就可以安全布置，以及西安地裂缝最大可能延深为老第三系地层的中上部等重要结论，初步揭示了现今西安市异常地面沉降的成因，具有一定的理论价值和社会效益。  相似文献   

正断层三维生长和连接过程研究：以南海北部陆丰凹陷为例     

代向明  李志刚  孙闯  李立国  王伟涛  惠格格  梁浩  张逸鹏  李琳琳  闫永刚  许斌斌  李冠华 《地质学报》2022,96(6):1922-1936

正断层生长和侧向连接是最基本的三维地质构造问题，深入剖析其三维时 空演化过程对理解沉积盆地内正断层系统的形成与演化至关重要。 南海扩张时间和影响范围一直是国内外地学界研究的热点问题之一。南海北部珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷发育大量正断层，并覆盖有高精度二维地震反射剖面，成为研究上述问题的理想地区之一。本研究以陆丰凹陷为研究对象，开展三维构造解析和建模研究，为正断层系统三维时 空演化过程提供一个实例。研究结果表明：陆丰凹陷主控断层F1的生长和连接过程主要分三个阶段：晚白垩世—早古新世，两条断层分别形成并以孤立断层模式分别向两侧生长；早古新世—早渐新世，断层发生侧向连接作用合并为F1断层，连接处发育侧断坡；晚渐新世—中中新世，F1断层继续向两侧生长。基于F1断层定量分析（生长指数和断距），发现F1断层活动强度表现为先增加然后突然降低，其转折时间对应于T60界面，~23 Ma，较好地对应了西北次海盆扩张终止时间，说明南海北部扩张已经影响到陆丰凹陷。结合前人对珠江口盆地构造变形和演化研究，初步认为南海北部扩张波及的范围已跨过陆丰凹陷向大陆方向继续延伸，其北部边界可能对应于华南大陆南缘的滨海断裂带。本研究可为正断层系统三维生长过程研究提供案例，同时为南海扩张过程研究提供基础数据支撑。  相似文献   

陕西宝鸡高家村—高店断裂的初步研究     

种瑾  张安良 《内陆地震》1994,8(3):234-240

通过大比例尺活动断裂地质填图，查明了宝鸡高家村──高店断裂的几何展市及内部结构特征。在多处发现断层露头剖面，断层错断了晚更新世和全新世沉积物，反映出断层具有很新的活动性。  相似文献   

Inversion of Reflection Seismic Amplitude Data For Interface Geometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yanghua Wang  Gregory A. Houseman 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,117(1):92-110

  相似文献   

忻州盆地和贝加尔裂谷带医疗矿水水化学相似性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王焰新  陈德隆 《地球科学》1993,18(5):661-670

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1998 Adana-Ceyhan (Turkey) Earthquake and a Preliminary Microzonation Based on Liquefaction Potential for Ceyhan Town   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Resat Ulusay  Turgay Kuru 《Natural Hazards》2004,32(1):59-88

A moderate earthquake (M_s = 6.2) occurred in the Cukurova region in the southern part of Turkey, on 27 June 1998. It resulted in loss of 145 lives and significant damage particularly in the settlements close to the epicenter at the south of Ceyhan town. Widespread liquefaction and associated sand boils, ground fissures and ground deformations due to lateral spreading occurred during this earthquake. In this study, main characteristics of the earthquake are presented and liquefaction throughout the site was assessed. An attempt was also made to establish preliminary microzonation maps for Ceyhan using the data from liquefaction susceptibility analyses. The results of the analyses indicated that the data from the liquefied sites were within the empirical bounds suggested by the field-performance evaluation method. Fortunately, most of the riversides were used for agricultural purposes alone, damage to structures from liquefaction and associated ground failures were rather limited. Preliminary assessments indicated that at depths of about 5 m the liquefaction potential of thin sand layers tends to diminish.  相似文献   

In-Plane Ray Tracing with Calculation of Out-of-Plane Geometrical Spreading in Anisotropic Media     

Iversen  E. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2004,48(1):21-46

The objective is to provide, in one single paper, a complete collection of equations governing kinematic and dynamic ray tracing related to a symmetry plane of an anisotropic medium. Well known systems for kinematic ray tracing and in-plane dynamic ray tracing are reformulated for the purpose of clarity, by taking advantage of a vector representation of the Christoffel matrix elements and related quantities. A generalized formula is derived for the integrand in out-of-plane dynamic ray tracing, pertaining to a monoclinic medium. Integrands corresponding to non-tilted orthorhombic and transversely isotropic media are obtained as special cases.  相似文献   

陕西省数字地震台下方壳幔速度结构研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

张学民  刁桂苓  王为民  束沛镒 《华北地震科学》2005,23(2):1-9

利用广义反、透射系数的传递矩阵计算理论地震图，用快速模拟退火法搜索最佳模型，通过与地震台站实际记录的P波波形进行拟合对比，反演了陕西省13个数字地震台下方的P波速度结构。台站分布区域涉及到秦岭造山带、渭河盆地及鄂尔多斯地台三个构造区域。结果显示，3个构造区的地下速度结构差异明显，呈现了各自的构造特点。其中秦岭造山带上地壳乃至地表速度高，中下地壳出现多个低速层，可能与岩石脱水、构造滑脱带等有关；渭河盆地内上中地壳高低速度层交替出现，反映了断层活动在浅部的影响；鄂尔多斯地台有部分台站保持稳定的匀速构造。反映了古老地台地层稳定发展的特性，部分台站受到后期改造，低速层位增多。因为变化剧烈的台站分布在盆地的南部和西部。而且震源机制解显示该区主应力场方向为近东西向，可以说秦岭北缘的断裂作用以及后来来自青藏高原的挤压应力是导致渭河盆地形成和发展的主要因素。最后我们讨论了速度结构与强震、地震分布以及不同构造演化的关系。  相似文献