景观指数的粒度变化效应   总被引：66，自引：0，他引：66  

赵文武  傅伯杰  陈利顶 《第四纪研究》2003,23(3):326-333

本文以延河流域的1:250000和1:500000土地利用图为对象,以景观格局分析程序Fragstats3.3为分析工具,探讨了不同比例尺条件下景观指数随粒度增加的变化特征.研究结果表明,随着粒度值由25m到400m的逐渐增加,除斑块丰富度外的景观指数均具有明显的尺度效应,其中聚集度和集合度没有尺度转折点,其他指数具有明显或不明显的尺度转折点.对比分析1:250000和1:500000土地利用格局指数的计算结果可以发现:1)尺度转折点不是一个值,而是一个相对较小的区间;2)尺度转折点与研究图件的比例尺有关,比例尺越大,所发生的第一次尺度转折点的粒度就越小;3)第一尺度域是选择适宜粒度的较好取值范围.对延河流域1:250000土地利用图进行景观指数计算的适宜粒度范围是70～90m,1:500000土地利用图的适宜粒度范围是90～120m.  相似文献   

The development of Nemurella pictetii Klapálek (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) in two springstreams in central Europe     

Andrei Nesterovitch  Peter Zwick   《Limnologica》2003,33(4):231-243

From April 1997 to June 1998 Nemurella pictetii populations were regularly sampled in two springstreams at 220 and 850 m a.s.l., respectively, in Hesse (Germany), at approximately 51°N. Random samples of larvae were taken at three week intervals during the vegetation period, and once a month during winter. Sex, instar, body length, head capsule width and wing pad length of all larvae were recorded. Temperatures were recorded every hour, temporal patterns of temperature agreed closely between sites. Mean winter lows were 3.9 °C at both sites, the mean summer high was 11.9 °C at the lower site, as opposed to 9.6 °C at the mountain site.At both sites, adult emergence started in May. At the mountain site, recruitment started in late July and continued into autumn. There was cohort splitting in the young generation. Some individuals grew rapidly until October–November, but last instar larvae first appeared in March the next year. 1600 degree-days above 0 °C were accumulated during complete development. At the lower site, recruitment began in early July, and cohort splitting also occurred. Fast growing summer recruits emerged as adults in late August, having accumulated only 700 degree-days (above 0 °C). Their offspring hatched in November-December and emerged the next spring, having accumulated also only 700 degree-days. However, only part of the population was bivoltine. Many of the summer recruits grew more slowly and accumulated close to 1900 degree days until they emerged the next spring, together with the offspring of their own fast-growing siblings. Dependence of growth rate on temperature could not be estimated and appears to vary with daylength. For example, 3–6 °C support growth and development provided daylength exceeds 10 hrs of light, or is rising.At both sites and in all cohorts individuals emerging earliest were larger than later emerging ones. The size decline is significantly correlated with number of days after the winter solstice. For the first time it is shown that the decline does not occur shortly before adult emergence but actually takes place several instars before the last. Size differences are then carried on, and amplified, during subsequent molts, until adulthood. The literature presently relates seasonal size declines of insects to high or rising temperatures experienced by larvae approaching adulthood. Our data show that, at least in Nemurella, this explanation fails. On average, females were distinctly larger than males. Differences in mean last instar size were noticed also between sites and years. They remain presently unexplained. The mean sex ratio in both populations was close to 1:1.  相似文献   

辽西北票(金-羊)盆地中生代砂岩碎屑组分对区域构造演化的响应   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

闫义  林舸  李自安  贺世杰  徐政语 《沉积学报》2003,21(3):441-447

根据北票 (金-羊 )盆地中生界砂岩碎屑组分分析,综合区域构造演化背景、盆地沉积充填序列及砾岩特征,对盆地中生代物源及构造演化进行了示踪 :晚三叠世为盆地构造活化的起始阶段,盆地物源应主要来自周缘隆升蚀源区的前中生代碎屑沉积物;早侏罗世辽西地区发生了明显的差异升降,北票 (金-羊 )盆地相对伸展陷落,盆地范围有所扩大;晚侏罗世北西-南东向逆冲推覆作用成为盆地的主要控制因素,北票 (金-羊 )盆地具有明显前陆盆地特征,盆地西缘太古代变质岩系出露剥蚀而成为盆地的主要物源之一;早白垩世辽西地区发生构造反转,北票 (金-羊 )盆地相对萎缩。Dickinson模型并不完全适用于辽西地区。  相似文献   

冀北地区金矿床He、Ar、Pb同位素组成及其成矿物质来源   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

王宝德  牛树银  孙爱群  李红阳 《地球化学》2003,32(2):181-187

成矿物质来源一直是成矿理论研究和找矿实践的焦点问题。选择了冀北地区3个幔枝构造金矿集中区11个金矿床黄铁矿及部分围岩进行了He、Ar同位素测定。研究表明,冀北地区主要金矿的3He/4He的值域为(0.93～7.30)×10-6,平均3.55×10-6;R/Ra=0.66～4.93,平均2.53;40Ar/36Ar=426～2073,40Ar平均为8.20×10-7cm3/g,4He/40Ar平均为2.17。矿区外围片麻岩和花岗岩的3He/4He值仅为(0.001～0.55)×10-6,反映来源上有明显差别。3He和4He在He同位素浓度图上落于地幔区附近。64个Pb同位素数据表现为矿质以幔源为主,确有部分壳源物质加入。研究认为,本区成矿物质应源于地球深部,随地幔柱多级演化,深部成矿流体由地球深部迁移到浅部,期间不可避免地存在壳幔流体的混合作用,故其值域往往界于地幔和地壳之间。  相似文献   

河北省粮食生产发展趋势及其地区差异   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

吴凯  袁璋  许越先 《地理科学进展》2003,22(5):499-506

河北省2002年粮食作物播种面积为6484.4千hm2,其中小麦占37.8%,玉米39.7%;粮食、棉花、油料的种植比例为15.9:1.0:1.6。北部四地市粮食播面占全省的23.3%,南部七地市76.7%。2002年粮食总产2435.8万t,为1949年的5.2倍;粮食单产3756kg/hm2,为1949年的5.8倍;人均粮食362kg,为1949年的2.4倍。北部地区粮食总产占全省的17.2%,南部地区82.8%。据回归分析与双向差分建模分析,2010年粮食总产可达3087.5万t,粮食单产4478kg/hm2,人均粮食460kg。据灰关联分析,影响粮食总产的主要因子有:粮食单产、农副产品收购价格总指数(1978年=100)、农业机械总动力、农村用电量、农田化肥施用量与有效灌溉面积等。根据笔者预测,若2010年农业机械总动力达8989万kw,农村用电量240.8亿kwh,农田化肥施用量356.1万t,有效灌面4549.2千hm2,则其粮食单产可达4664kg/hm2;若2010年仍保持2000年小麦播面所占比例(0.387),玉米播面所占比例达0.439,则其单产可达4387kg/hm2。  相似文献   

时频测控技术的发展   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

周渭  王海 《时间频率学报》2003,26(2):87-95

目前，在所有的物理量中时间与频率标准的物理实现具有最高的准确度和稳定度，它们的发展不但在计量技术中，而且在几乎整个高科技领域中起着十分重要的作用。这方面的发展一直受到发达国家的高度重视。根据近年来与国外同行的技术交流和了解的情况，对时频测控技术的发展和影响等作了介绍。  相似文献   

Compositional Geometry and Mass Conservation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Robert F. Shurtz 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(8):927-937

A geometrical structure is imposed on compositional data by physical and chemical laws, principally mass conservation. Therefore, statistical or mathematical investigation of possible relations between data values and such laws must be consistent with this structure. This demands that geometrical concepts, such as points that specify both mass and composition in linear space, and lines in projective space that specify composition only, be clearly defined and consistent with mass conservation. Mass thus becomes the norm in composition space in place of the Euclidean norm of ordinary space. Coordinate transformations inconsistent with this geometry are accordingly unnatural and misleading. They are also unnecessary because correlation arising from the constant mass presents no unusual difficulty in the analysis of the underlying quadratic form.  相似文献   

Tectonic controls on metamorphism, partial melting, and intrusion: timing and duration of regional metamorphism and magmatism in the Ni de Massif, Turkey     

Donna L. Whitney  Christian Teyssier  Annia K. Fayon  Michael A. Hamilton  Matt Heizler 《Tectonophysics》2003,376(1-2):37-60

Mafic high-pressure granulite, eclogite and pyroxenite xenoliths have been collected from a Mesozoic volcaniclastic diatreme in Xinyang, near south margin of the Sino-Korean Craton (SKC). The high-pressure granulite xenoliths are mainly composed of fine-grained granoblasts of Grt+Cpx+Pl+Hbl±Kfs±Q±Ilm with relict porphyritic mineral assemblage of Grt+Cpx±Pl±Rt. P–T estimation indicates that the granoblastic assemblage crystallized at 765–890 °C and 1.25–1.59 GPa, corresponding to crustal depths of ca. 41–52 km with a geotherm of 75–80 mW/m². Calculated seismic velocities (V_p) of high-pressure granulites range from 7.04 to 7.56 km/s and densities (D) from 3.05 to 3.30 g/cm³. These high-pressure granulite xenoliths have different petrographic and geochemical features from the Archean mafic granulites. Elevated geotherm and petrographic evidence imply that the lithosphere of this craton was thermally disturbed in the Mesozoic prior to eruption of the host diatreme. These samples have sub-alkaline basaltic compositions, equivalent to olivine– and quartz–tholeiite. REE patterns are flat to variably LREE-enriched (La_N/Yb_N=0.98–9.47) without Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*=0.95–1.11). They possess 48–127 ppm Ni and 2–20 ppm Nb with Nb/U and La/Nb ratios of 13–54 and 0.93–4.75, respectively, suggesting that these high-pressure granulites may be products of mantle-derived magma underplated and contaminated at the base of the lower crust. This study also implies that up to 10 km Mesozoic lowermost crust was delaminated prior to eruption of the Cenozoic basalts on the craton.  相似文献   

土体颗粒破碎研究进展   总被引：4，自引：7，他引：4  

张家铭  汪稔  张阳明  陈复兵 《岩土力学》2003,(Z2)

在打入桩的桩端以及大型土石坝、海洋平台等的地基中常常会出现高应力区。在这些高应力区中,作为地基的粒状土的颗粒会发生不同程度的破碎。对高应力水平下粒状土体的破碎特性进行深入研究有助于解决这一类型的岩土工程问题。因此近年来土体颗粒破碎逐渐引起人们的重视。本文对土体颗粒破碎研究现状进行了详尽的阐述,并指出研究中存在的问题及今后研究发展方向。  相似文献   

晋北娄烦吕梁群变质相带的划分及其成因研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

卢保奇  王赐银 《地球学报》2003,24(4):325-329

晋北娄烦吕梁群由一套经受过两期不同性质变质作用的泥砂质岩、基性火山岩和酸性流纹岩组成。早期为吕梁期变质作用,其结果使该区地层构造形迹总体上呈NE走向;晚期为西川河韧性剪切断裂所产生的区域变质作用,其结果使该区地层走向由早期的NE向扭转为近SN向,且使地层层序发生倒转,并与递增变质带的形成关系密切。选取该区中对变质温度和压力变化反映较敏感的原岩为泥砂质岩石的袁家村组和裴家庄组地层为研究对象,采用电子探针微区分析(EPMA)对沿地层走向上连续分布的特征变质矿物及矿物共生组合特征进行研究,并利用矿物对地质温度计估算该区不同采样点的变质温度和压力条件,对研究区进行变质相带的划分,确定各变质相带的变质温、压条件,并探讨其成因。研究结果表明,袁家村组和裴家庄组为等化学系列地层。沿该地层走向上:西川河断裂以北地区,从北向南,特征变质矿物绿泥石、黑云母、石榴石、十字石和蓝晶石依次规律出现;西川河断裂以南地区,红柱石和夕线石依次规律出现。根据特征变质矿物的空间分布规律、首次出现的地点及矿物共生组合特征,划分出5个变质带:绿泥石带、黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石-蓝晶石带和红柱石-夕线石带。这一完整的递增变质带可与苏格兰高地的巴罗型相媲美。矿物对地质温度计估算结果。  相似文献