人肠道微生物对海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯及其寡糖的降解利用     

谢洁玲  史晓翀  史姣霞  于彤  李八方  赵雪 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(1):50-56

采用人肠道微生物体外厌氧发酵技术,研究人肠道微生物对不同分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解利用。分别将五个志愿者的肠道微生物接种到以高分子量和低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯为唯一碳源的培养基中,酵解48h后,采用TLC和PAGE分析分子量变化,PMP-HPLC分析单糖组成变化,GC分析短链脂肪酸的生成情况。结果发现:在人肠道微生物体外降解岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的体系中,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分(10—20k Da)含量显著降低,而且酵解产物的单糖组成没有变化,说明被人肠道微生物彻底降解利用;而人肠道微生物对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(20k Da)的降解和利用度很低,产物的半乳糖和甘露糖的比例明显下降。低分子量和高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯在酵解后均生成短链脂肪酸乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,但在高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯发酵液中还生成了支链脂肪酸(异丁酸、异戊酸)和戊酸。研究结果表明,人肠道微生物能够彻底降解利用复杂的海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分,但是对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解率很低。单糖分析说明人肠道微生物能够降解和利用多糖中的所有单糖,产生有利于肠道健康的短链脂肪酸,但是只有低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯能够抑制支链脂肪酸生成。  相似文献   

腐殖酸三维荧光光谱特性研究   总被引：53，自引：3，他引：50  

傅平青  刘丛强  尹祚莹  吴丰昌 《地球化学》2004,33(3):301-308

腐殖质的荧光特性被广泛用来解析其在各种天然环境中的来源及分布.由于荧光光谱分析具有灵敏度高,选择性好,且不破坏样品结构的优点,非常适合用来研究腐殖质的结构和官能团等特征.利用三维荧光激发-发射光谱研究了 Fluka腐殖酸的荧光光谱特性,结果显示,离子强度(0～0.05 mol/L KClO4)对 Fluka腐殖酸的三维荧光光谱特性影响非常小,而腐殖酸的浓度(5～100 mg/L)和溶液 pH(2～12)对其三维荧光光谱特性影响显著.当腐殖酸浓度增大时,荧光峰出现明显红移现象.荧光强度一般随着 pH的升高而增大,当 pH大于 10后呈下降趋势,我们从垃圾渗滤液溶解有机质的实验结果中也得到相同结论;在浓度为 50 mg/L和 100 mg/L的 Fluka腐殖酸中,荧光峰 B(fulvic-like)的荧光强度却在 pH=5.0左右时达到最大值,与前人报道的土壤富里酸的行为一致,质子化常数 lgK′ HL分别为 3.57和 3.13,与二羧基化合物接近,说明荧光峰 B可能与 Fluka腐殖酸结构中的羧基有关;荧光峰 A与荧光峰 B的荧光强度比值 r(A/B)在 0.61～2.59之间,并且在 pH=2～11范围内, r(A/B)与 pH具有较好的线性相关关系,表明荧光峰 A和荧光峰 B随着 pH值的改变有着相同的变化趋势.  相似文献   

条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐善良  王亚军  王丹丽  严小军 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(2):438-444

采用GC/MS法分析了条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)的未受精卵、胚胎、仔鱼、稚鱼及幼鱼各阶段的脂肪酸组成特点及含量变动,旨在研究条石鲷发育早期脂肪酸的组成和变化规律。共检测到28种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)13种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)7种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)8种。结果表明:(1)鱼卵中主要脂肪酸依次为C16:0、C22:6(n-3)(DHA)、C20:5(n-3)(EPA)和C18:1(n-9)(油酸);(2)胚胎及内源性营养阶段,主要利用C16:0、C18:0以及C18:1作为能量来源,EPA和DHA被优先保存下来;(3)摄食轮虫和桡足类AA、EPA、DHA含量显著提高,摄食卤虫则C18:1(n-9)、C18:2(n-6)及C18:3(n-3)含量迅速增加;(4)在稚鱼期必需脂肪酸AA、DHA含量不足,而EPA过高,可能引起细胞膜磷脂中DHA与EPA比例失衡,出现稚鱼"死亡高峰"。  相似文献   

Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of dissolved humic substances in a mangrove-fringed estuary in the eastern coast of Hainan Island, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张耀玲  杜金洲  彭浡  张芬芬  赵欣  张经 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(2):454-463

Mangrove-derived dissolved organic matter(DOM) has an important effect on estuarine and coastal area on a large scale.In order to improve the understanding of origin,composition,and fate of DOM in mangrove-fringed estuarine and coastal areas,dissolved humic substances(DHS) were isolated from one mangrove pore-water sample and one near-shore seawater sample downstream the mangrove pore-water site in the eastern coast of Hainan Island,South China.Fulvic acids,humic acids and XAD-4 fractions were obtained from the two water samples by using a two-column array of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins.Chemical and spectroscopic methods were used to analyze the features of these DHS.Compared to the mangrove pore-water DHS,the near-shore seawater DHS were found rich in 13 C with lower C/N ratios and more aliphatic compounds and carbohydrates,but less aromatic structures and carboxyl groups.As for the three fractions of the two DHS,XAD-4 fractions contain more aliphatics,carbohydrates,carboxyl groups,and enrich in 13 C with respect to both fulvic and humic acids.Photo-oxidation transformation and contribution from marine-derived DOM were considered as the main reasons resulted in the difference in compositional features for these DHS in this study.  相似文献   

江蓠中类菌孢素氨基酸(MAAs)成分分析及提取研究     

金宁宁  张朝辉  李八方 《海洋科学》2012,36(3):74-80

利用高效液相色谱技术对江蓠(Gracilariaceae)中类菌孢素氨基酸(MAAs)进行了分析,并采用响应面分析法对MAAs物质的提取工艺进行优化研究。根据正交旋转组合试验设计原理,采用四因素五水平的响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定各因素的显著程度及最优工艺条件。结果表明,江蓠中MAAs的主要成分为porphyra-334;提取温度、浸提时间、甲醇浓度及液固比为影响MAAs物质提取的显著因素。通过多元二次回归拟合模型响应面分析,得到最优工艺条件:提取温度48.12℃,液固比34∶1,甲醇浓度25%,浸提时间1.85 h,优化条件下预测提取率为4.943 mg/g;试验值为4.893 mg/g,试验值与预测值吻合较好,响应面回归模型的准确性得到验证。  相似文献   

Effect of nutrient supply on photosynthesis and pigmentation to short-term stress (UV radiation) in Gracilaria conferta (Rhodophyta)     

F.L. Figueroa  A. Neori  E.J. Malta  S. Inken  R. Abdala 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(10):1768-1778

The effects of increased photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), UV radiation (UVR), and nutrient supply on photosynthetic activity, pigment content, C:N ratio and biomass yield were studied in tank cultivated Gracilaria conferta (Rhodophyta). Electron transport rate (ETR) and biliprotein content were higher under high nutrient supply (HNS), obtained from fishpond effluents, compared to low nutrient supply (LNS), in contrast to mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) dynamic. The high MAA content in LNS-algae could be explained by higher UVR penetration in the thallus and by the competition for the use of nutrients with other processes. Effective quantum yield decreased after short-term exposure to high irradiance whereas full recovery in shade was produced only under slightly heat shock. UVA radiation provoked an additional decrease in photosynthesis under high water temperature. UVB radiation reversed UVA’s negative effect mainly with HNS. Results support that nutrient-sufficiency help G. conferta to resist environmental changes as short-term temperature increase.  相似文献   

Equilibrium Modeling of Arsenic Adsorption in a Ternary Arsenic–Iron Oxide–Natural Organic Matter System          下载免费PDF全文

Hoda Fakour  Tsair‐Fuh Lin  Shang‐Lien Lo 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(10):1287-1295

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高岭石和蒙脱石吸附胡敏酸的对比研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

滕 飞李福春  吴志强何为红李学林  代静玉 《中国地质》2009,36(4):892-898

高岭石和蒙脱石分别是暖湿和冷干气候带内典型土壤的代表性矿物,对二者吸附胡敏酸特点的对比研究可以为探索不同地带土壤中重金属的环境行为提供重要的依据。笔者通过一系列实验研究了pH值、离子强度和胡敏酸初始浓度对胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上吸附量的影响,重点剖析了引起高岭石和蒙脱石在吸附胡敏酸方面表现出的共性和差异的原因。研究结果表明:1)在pH=5条件下,胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上的吸附量均随着胡敏酸初始浓度和离子强度的升高而逐渐增加;2)胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上的吸附量均随着pH值的升高而降低;3)pH<6时,高岭石吸附的胡敏酸量多于蒙脱石,pH>6时则相反。这是由高岭石和蒙脱石在不同pH条件下吸附胡敏酸的机制不同造成的。在pH<6时,高岭石与胡敏酸之间的静电引力起主导作用,其次是配位交换作用和氢键作用。此时,蒙脱石以氢键作用为主要吸附机制。在pH>6时,高岭石和蒙脱石的主要吸附机制分别是疏水性作用和阳离子键桥。  相似文献   

泥岩有水热解产生低分子量有机酸实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛莲  李东  刘建平  陈传平 《地球化学》2011,(4):381-386

直接采用泥岩岩屑进行有水热解,测定实验后水溶液中几种常见低分子量有机酸.结果表明,在实验的水溶液中检测到了丰富的低分子量有机酸,组成上主要为一元羧酸,其中又以乙酸占优势.讨论了不同热解条件对有机酸产率以及组成的影响.实验结果表明,有机酸总量随加热温度和时间增加而增加,并且溶液中不同有机酸相对组成也发生变化.当温度高于1...  相似文献   

Origin and biochemical cycling of particulate nitrogen in the Mandovi estuary   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Loreta Fernandes 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,94(3):291-298

Mandovi estuary is a tropical estuary strongly influenced by the southwest monsoon. In order to understand, sources and fate of particulate organic nitrogen, suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected from various locations, was analyzed for particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON), δ¹³C_POC, total hydrolysable amino acid enantiomers (l- and d- amino acids) concentration and composition. δ¹³C_POC values were depleted (−32 to −25‰) during the monsoon and enriched (−29.6 to −21‰) in the pre-monsoon season implying that OM was derived from terrestrial and marine sources during the former and latter season, respectively. The biological indicators such as C/N ratio, d-amino acids, THAA yields and degradation indices (DI) indicate that the particulate organic matter (POM) was relatively more degraded during the monsoon season. Conversely, during the pre-monsoon, the biological indicators indicated the presence of relatively fresh and labile POM derived from autochthonous sources. Amino acids such as alanine, aspartic acid, leucine, serine, arginine, and threonine in monsoon and glutamic acid, glycine, valine, lysine, and isoleucine in pre-monsoon were relatively abundant. Presence of bacterial biomarker, d-amino acids in the SPM of the estuary during both the seasons signifies important contribution of bacteria to the estuarine detrital ON pool. Based on d-amino acid yields, bacterial OM accounted for 16-34% (23.0 ± 6.7%) of POC and 29-75% (47.9 ± 18.7%) of PON in monsoon, and 30-78% (50.0 ± 15%) of POC and 34-79% (51.2 ± 13.3%) of the PON in pre-monsoon in the estuary. Substantial contribution of bacterial-N to PON indicates nitrogen (N) enrichment on terrestrial POM during the monsoon season. Transport of terrestrial POM enriched with bacterial OM to the coastal waters is expected to influence coastal productivity and ecosystem functioning during the monsoon season.  相似文献