新疆比勒提地区断裂构造磁异常信息提取及解释简     

王新华  鲁世朋  谢志远  李其乐  于博滨 《地质通报》2014,33(1):99-103

比勒提地区位于新疆西南天山,以该区1∶50000高精度磁测数据为基础,采用解析延拓、方向导数等技术手段提取与断裂构造有关的磁异常信息,对区域内构造进行识别,结合标本物性参数统计,对引起磁异常的原因进行分析。对区域磁异常向上延拓及求一阶导数后进行对比,圈定4个特征异常带A1~A4,结合地质资料,识别出4条断裂构造FW1~FW4,FW1和FW2对应喀拉铁克断裂及其次级断裂,FW3为构造动力作用产生的强片理化带,FW4为隐伏断裂,表明高精度磁法测量在本区能有效识别断裂并反映其分布。  相似文献   

飞来峡水利枢纽库区动态纳污能力计算研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

谭超  黄本胜  洪昌红  邱静  胡培 《水文》2014,34(5):51-56

根据飞来峡水利枢纽库区水流及水质特点,选取不同设计流量,建立二维水流水质模型。通过水槽实验,拟合水质衰减系数与流速的关系曲线,以获取模型水质计算参数。研究结果表明:通过概化排污口排污量与混合带长度响应关系计算,确定各排污口混合带长度在1 300~2 500m之间;在90%最枯月、50%最枯月及多年平均流量水文条件下,飞来峡库区干流水域COD纳污能力分别为162 107.7t、199 220.2t及372 104.3t;NH3-N纳污能力分别为2 757.4t、3 408.4t和6 276.4t;飞来峡库湾的纳污能力远小于库区干流水域,库湾COD纳污能力仅相当于干流的25%,NH3-N纳污能力仅相当于干流的5%;飞来峡库区纳污能力年内逐月差异显著,其中汛期(4~9月)纳污能力较大,COD、NH3-N纳污能力约占全年纳污能力的58%,飞来峡库区年内月纳污能力与月平均流量呈现较好的正相关关系。  相似文献   

新疆比勒提地区断裂构造磁异常信息提取及解释     

王新华  鲁世朋  谢志远  李其乐  于博滨 《中国区域地质》2014,(1):99-103

比勒提地区位于新疆西南天山,以该区1：50000高精度磁测数据为基础,采用解析延拓、方向导数等技术手段提取与断裂构造有关的磁异常信息,对区域内构造进行识别,结合标本物性参数统计,对引起磁异常的原因进行分析。对区域磁异常向上延拓及求一阶导数后进行对比,圈定4个特征异常带A1-A4,结合地质资料,识别出4条断裂构造FW1-FW4,FW1和FW2对应喀拉铁克断裂及其次级断裂,FW3为构造动力作用产生的强片理化带,FW4为隐伏断裂,表明高精度磁法测量在本区能有效识别断裂并反映其分布。  相似文献   

Commitments through financial options: an alternative for delivering climate change obligations     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(1):9-21

Governments willing to commit themselves to maintain carbon prices at or above a certain level face the challenge that their commitments need to be credible both for investors in low-carbon technology and for foreign governments. This article argues that governments can make such commitments by issuing long-term put option contracts on the price of CO₂ allowances. This mechanism gives investors the right, but not the obligation, to sell allowances to the government at the strike price. From the investors' point of view, a government is therefore fully committed to a price floor for allowances in the future. This proposed approach alters the incentives that a government faces when considering noncompliance and serves to prevent non-compliance. The proposal fares well when assessed against criteria to determine its suitability in legitimacy, enforcement, proportionality, lack of interference from other contracting States, and transparency. It also allows for fine-tuning through the number and duration of issued options and the strike price. A robust contract structure is proposed to protect against government interference that might threaten the credibility of commitments.  相似文献   

Modelling residence‐time response to freshwater input in Apalachicola Bay,Florida, USA     

Wenrui Huang  M. Spaulding 《水文研究》2002,16(15):3051-3064

Residence time of an estuary can be used to estimate the rate of removal of freshwater and pollutants from river inflow. In this study, a calibrated three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to determine residence time in response to the change of freshwater input in Apalachicola Bay. The bay is about 40 km long and 7 km wide, with an average 3 m water depth. Through hydrodynamic model simulations, the spatial and temporal salinity and the total freshwater volume in the bay were calculated. Then the freshwater fraction method was used to estimate the residence time. Results indicate that the residence time in Apalachicola Bay typically ranges between 3 and 10 days for the daily freshwater input ranging from 177 m³/s to 4561 m³/s. Regression analysis of model results shows that an exponential regression equation can be used to correlate the estuarine residence time to changes of freshwater input. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Eagle Nebula Pillars: From Models to Observations     

Marc W. Pound  Jave O. Kane  Bruce A. Remington  Dmitri D. Ryutov  Akira Mizuta  Hideaki Takabe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):177-181

Over the past few years, our group has been developing hydrodynamic models to simulate formation of the Eagle Nebula pillars. The true test of any model is, of course, how well it can reproduce the observations. Here, we discuss how we go about testing our models against observations. We describe the process by which we “observe” the model data to create synthetic maps. We show an example of this technique using one of our model runs and compare the resultant synthetic map to the real one.  相似文献   

CONSIDERATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS,SEDIMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF MUDDY COAST IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIANYUNGANG HARBOUR     

虞志英  金  张庆曙 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1994,12(2):97-105

After nearly 20 years of construction,we have successfully solved a series of hydrologic sedimentaryand environment problems encountered during the construction of the big deep water harbour inLianyungang which can now accommodate ships of 50000 tonnage.With the economic development,the channel of 50000 tonnage will be built soon, and of 100000 tonnage is under planning. Theconstruction of the international container shipping hub at the harbour is being accelerated in anticipationof the opening of the second Eurasian land bridge.The future development of the harbour will givegreat impetus to the local economy of Lianyungang City and make it an international city.  相似文献   

南沙群岛珊瑚礁砾洲地貌特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周胜男  施祺  周桂盈  杨红强  严宏强 《海洋科学》2019,43(6):48-59

通过对南沙群岛永暑礁、西门礁和安达礁3个砾洲的现场调查,基于理论最低潮面和平均海面分别计算了砾洲的可能分布范围和平均出露范围,获得了砾洲的地形地貌特征。3个砾洲均为向西北凸出的弧形,呈北东-南西向展布。永暑礁和西门礁砾洲周边地势较高,中部相对低洼,分布有多条砾脊,边缘向海侧主砾脊高度最大,内部多条较低的次砾脊相交于主砾脊并汇聚于砾洲东部;安达礁砾洲则中部凸起地势较高,周边较低,无多重砾脊分布。推断砾洲的发育由最初珊瑚枝块堆积于中部形成凸起,逐渐向北东和南西两侧以砾脊形式扩展,最终形成砾洲由内向外的洼地-砾脊-砾滩的地貌分带模式。砾洲的地形地貌特征表明,南沙群岛砾洲的发育主要受北东-南西向水动力条件季节性交替的控制,反映了南海海区盛行季风的影响。南沙群岛珊瑚礁砾洲的地貌特征为深入研究南海珊瑚礁灰沙岛地貌发育演化及动力机制提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

基于分数阶时间导数的黏弹性衰减VTI介质中平面波传播     

程时俊  毛伟建  欧阳威 《地球物理学报》2021,64(3):965-981

目前在地震勘探频带范围内通常假设品质因子Q与频率无关,且呈衰减各向同性.事实上,相比较速度各向异性,介质的衰减各向异性同样不可忽视.本文将衰减各向异性和速度各向异性二者与常Q模型相结合,建立了黏弹性衰减VTI介质模型,并基于分数阶时间导数理论,给出了对应的本构关系和波动方程.利用均匀平面波分析和Poynting定理,推导出准压缩波qP、准剪切波qSV和纯剪切波SH的复速度、相速度、能量速度以及品质因子的解析表达式.对模型的正确性进行了数值验证,并分析了qP,qSV和SH波在介质中的传播特性.数值试验结果表明:本模型能够实现理想的恒定Q行为,表现了品质因子和速度的各向异性特征,显示出黏弹性增强将导致能量速度和相速度的频散曲线变化剧烈;速度和衰减各向异性参数与传播角度之间的耦合效应对qP,qSV和SH波的速度和能量影响明显;qP,qSV和SH波的频散曲线和波前面随着衰减各向异性强度的改变发生显著变化,其中耦合在一起的qP和qSV波变化趋势相同,而SH波与它们呈现相反的变化规律.本研究为从常Q模型角度分析地震波在衰减各向异性黏弹性介质中的传播特征奠定了理论基础.  相似文献   

Climate-change driven increased flood magnitudes and frequency in the British uplands: Geomorphologically informed scientific underpinning for upland flood-risk management     

David J. Milan  Arved C. Schwendel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(15):3026-3044

Upland river systems in the UK are predicted to be prone to the effects of increased flood magnitudes and frequency, driven by climate change. It is clear from recent events that some headwater catchments can be very sensitive to large floods, activating the full sediment system, with implications for flood risk management further down the catchment. We provide a 15-year record of detailed morphological change on a 500-m reach of upland gravel-bed river, focusing upon the geomorphic response to an extreme event in 2007, and the recovery in the decade following. Through novel application of two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic modelling we evaluate the different energy states of pre- and post-flood morphologies of the river reach, exploring how energy state adjusts with recovery following the event. Following the 2007 flood, morphological adjustments resulted in changes to the shear stress population over the reach, resulting in higher shear stresses. Although the proportion of shear stresses in excess of those experienced using the pre-flood digital elevation model (DEM) varied over the recovery period, they remained substantially in excess of those experienced pre-2007, suggesting that there is still potential for enhanced bedload transport and morphological adjustment within the reach. Although volumetric change calculated from DEM differencing does indicate a reduction in erosion and deposition volumes in the decade following the flood, we argue that the system still has not fully recovered to the pre-flood state. We further argue that Thinhope Burn, and other similarly impacted catchments in upland environments, may not recover under the wet climatic phase currently being experienced. Hence systems like Thinhope Burn will continue to deliver large volumes of sediment further down river catchments, providing new challenges for flood risk management into the future.  相似文献