Seismic Properties of Anita Bay Dunite: an Exploratory Study of the Influence of Water     

Aizawa  Yoshitaka; Barnhoorn  Auke; Faul  Ulrich H.; Fitz Gerald  John D.; Jackson  Ian; Kovacs  IstvAn 《Journal of Petrology》2008,49(4):841-855

As a pilot study of the role of water in the attenuation ofseismic waves in the Earth's upper mantle, we have performeda series of seismic-frequency torsional forced-oscillation experimentson a natural (Anita Bay) dunite containing accessory hydrousphases, at high temperatures to 1300°C and confining pressure(P_c) of 200 MPa, within a gas-medium high-pressure apparatus.Both oven-dried and pre-fired specimens wrapped in Ni–Fefoil within the (poorly) vented assembly were recovered essentiallydry after 50–100 h of annealing at 1300°C followedby slow staged cooling. The results for those specimens indicatebroadly similar absorption-band viscoelastic behaviour, butwith systematic differences in the frequency dependence of strain-energydissipation Q^–1, attributed to differences in the smallvolume fraction of silicate melt and its spatial distribution.In contrast, it has been demonstrated that a new assembly involvinga welded Pt capsule retains aqueous fluid during prolonged exposureto high temperatures—allowing the first high-temperaturetorsional forced-oscillation measurements under high aqueousfluid pore pressure P_f. At temperatures >1000°C, a markedreduction in shear modulus, without concomitant increase inQ^–1, is attributed to the widespread wetting of grainboundaries resulting from grain-scale hydrofracturing and themaintenance of conditions of low differential pressure P_d =P_c – P_f . Staged cooling from 1000°C is accompaniedby decreasing P_f and progressive restoration of significantlypositive differential pressure resulting in a microstructuralregime in which the fluid on grain boundaries is increasinglyrestricted to arrays of pores. The more pronounced viscoelasticbehaviour observed within this regime for the Pt-encapsulatedspecimen compared with the essentially dry specimens may reflectboth water-enhanced solid-state relaxation and the direct influenceof the fluid phase. The scenario of overpressurized fluids andhydrofracturing in the Pt-encapsulated dunite specimen may havesome relevance to the high Q^–1 and low-velocity zonesobserved in subduction-zone environments. The outcomes of thisexploratory study indicate that the presence of water can havea significant effect on the seismic wave attenuation in theupper mantle and provide the foundation for more detailed studieson the role of water. KEY WORDS: seismic wave attenuation; water; dunite; hydrous mineral; shear modulus; viscoelasticity; olivine; grain-scale hydrofracturing  相似文献   

Mineralogy and trace-element geochemistry of the high-grade iron ores of the Águas Claras Mine and comparison with the Capão Xavier and Tamanduá iron ore deposits, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil     

Carlos Alberto Spier  Sonia Maria Barros de Oliveira  Carlos Alberto Rosière  José Domingos Ardisson 《Mineralium Deposita》2008,43(2):229-254

Several major iron deposits occur in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), southeastern region of Brazil, where metamorphosed and heterogeneously deformed banded iron formation (BIF) of the Cauê Formation, regionally called itabirite, was transformed into high- (Fe >64%) and low-grade (30%?2O₃, with a higher amount of detrimental impurities, especially MnO, in the soft ore. Both hard and soft ores are depleted in trace elements. The high-grade ores at the Águas Claras Mine have at least a dual origin, involving hypogene and supergene processes. The occurrence of the hard, massive high-grade ore within “fresh” dolomitic itabirite is evidence of its hypogene origin. Despite the contention about the origin of the dolomitic itabirite (if this rock is a carbonate-rich facies of the Cauê Formation or a hematite–carbonate precursor of the soft high-grade ore), mineralogical and geochemical features of the soft high-grade ore indicate that it was formed by leaching of dolomite from the dolomitic itabirite by meteoric water. The comparison of the Águas Claras, Capão Xavier and Tamanduá orebodies shows that the original composition of the itabiritic protore plays a major role in the genesis of high- and low-grade soft ores in the QF. Under the same weathering and structural conditions, the dolomitic itabirite is the more favorable to form high-grade deposits than siliceous itabirite. Field relations at the Águas Claras and Capão Xavier deposits suggest that it is not possible to form huge soft high-grade supergene deposits from siliceous itabirite, unless another control, such as impermeable barriers, had played an important role. The occurrence in the Tamanduá Mine of a large, soft, high-grade orebody formed from siliceous itabirite and closely associated with hypogene hard ore suggests that large, soft, high-grade orebodies of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, which occur within siliceous itabirite, have a hypogene contribution in their formation.  相似文献   

吉林省铁矿成矿规律及资源潜力预测     

王宝金  刘忠  松权衡  王信  杜宏  薛晓峰  王娟 《吉林地质》2008,27(3)

在成矿地质背景分析的基础上,分析研究了铁矿成因类型、分布规律等。认为吉林省具备铁矿成矿的地质条件,铁矿的资源潜力较大,实现铁矿找矿突破是完全可能的,并按A、B、C三类进行了资源量预测。同时提出了进一步工作建议。  相似文献   

Precipitation of iron in microbial mats of the spring waters of Borra Caves,Vishakapatnam, India: some geomicrobiological aspects     

Sushmitha Baskar  R. Baskar  Natuschka Lee  A. Kaushik  P. K. Theophilus 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):237-243

The Borra caves, Vishakapatnam, India, can be described as a speleothem cave with significant amounts of unexplored microbial mats in spring waters. Here, we present the first observations and hypotheses on the possible impact of the microorganisms in these mats on the cave formation, focusing on their role on iron mineral precipitation. The spring waters (pH neutral 7.5–7.7) contained dissolved metals like iron and the organic mat sludge (pH 7.0–7.3) had a TOC content of approximately 5.4 wt%. Geochemically, the spring waters deep below the microbial mats contained Fe 369 ppb, Sr 198 ppb; and the organic mat sludge contained Mg 9 ppm, Fe 427 ppb, Zn 149 ppb, Sr 190 ppb. XRD observations displayed Fe minerals (dominantly hematite), minor amounts of zinc gallium sulfide and nitrofuryl compounds. At least four groups of bacteria identified by direct microscopy and SEM-EDX on the basis of morphology could be observed in all samples: Leptothrix-like organisms, entombed bacterial mineral sheaths, a few stalks of Gallionella-like organisms and some additional bacteria that could not be further identified. Leptothrix-like organisms contained 43.22–60.08 wt % Fe and the mineral precipitated near and around these bacteria (in the actual unaltered samples on site) contained 30.76–45.22 wt% Fe as identified and quantified by SEM-EDX. This study indicates that the precipitation of these iron-rich mats in the spring waters could be linked to the presence of abundant active communities of iron precipitating bacteria at Borra caves, Vishakapatanam.  相似文献   

攀钢渣铁冶炼脱硫工艺及实践研究     

曾成华 《矿物岩石》2008,28(3)

以熔炼攀钢渣铁生产低硫生铁为基础,经大量实验找到了一种适应炉外脱硫的复合脱硫剂,以改善炉外脱硫工艺为重点,采用炉内、炉外一次性联合脱硫新工艺,使铁水含硫量降到了0.03%～0.05%.  相似文献   

地面磁法在隐伏铁矿勘查中的应用——-以河北滦平Ⅱ号铁矿为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢焱  李健  白雪山  李永占 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(4)

河北滦平Ⅱ号铁矿是被中生代地层覆盖的全隐伏矿床,通过对其进行地面磁法测量,获取了直接的磁异常数据,圈定了磁异常体范围.磁异常由一系列大于800 nT的串珠状正异常相间排列而成,总体上呈北东走向,局部折成"之"字形,在转折端部位形成异常中心.通过化极处理和不同高度的延拓分析,圈定出4个高值异常区,并分析了其对应异常体的相对深度,为矿床勘探提供了较为明确的地球物理依据.  相似文献   

甘肃省铁铜矿产资源的结构特征          下载免费PDF全文

杨文敏  张翔  卓建飞  刘建宏 《甘肃地质》2008,17(1):36-40

铁铜是对国民经济发展具有重要影响的大宗矿产,属甘肃省优势矿产,本文通过已查明、已利用铁铜矿资源的数量、分布、质量结构分析认为,甘肃省铁铜矿区域集中度高,铁贫而铜富,磁铁矿矿石、硫化铜矿石为主要的铁铜矿石类型,铜矿具有品位富、易选冶、共伴生组分多的特点。由于甘肃省铁铜资源开发早、利用程度高,后备资源不足问题显现,文章对铁铜矿勘查、开发提出了建议及对策。  相似文献   

有机氯农药的零价铁脱氯降解研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

翟辉  张斌辉  李义连 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(2):109-112

结合氯代有机物的零价铁脱氯降解研究进展,综述了国内外在零价铁脱氯降解有机氯农药领域的研究情况,大多研究表明零价铁降解有机氯农药的反应符合准一级反应动力学方程,普遍认同氢解反应机理但尚有争议,研究降解过程需考虑溶液pH值和铁表面活性作用的影响,尤其是铁表面的吸附作用不可忽略。最后提出了该技术存在的一些值得思考的问题,探讨了该研究领域的发展前景。  相似文献   

Biogenic iron oxyhydrosulfate and iron oxyhydroxide occurring in acid mine drainage and their environmental engineering implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHOU Li-Xiang 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):74

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四川铁矿床主要成因类型及找矿方向   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王显锋  张兴润 《四川地质学报》2008,28(4):287-289

简述了四川铁矿资源基本特征,主要成因类型及地质特征,分析了铁矿分布规律,指出了铁矿主要找矿方向。  相似文献