Megamasers: Molecular Diagnostics of the Nuclear Ism     

Willem A. Baan  Hans-R. Klöckner 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,295(1-2):263-275

Molecular emissions are powerful tracers of intense heating and star-formation processes in galactic nuclei. In this paper we consider the characteristics of molecular Megamaser emission among the population of (Ultra-) Luminous Infrared Galaxies that are powered by intense star-formation or accretion onto a massive compact object. In addition, we consider the systematic behavior of the line emission of high-density tracer molecules. An evolutionary scenario is presented for ULIRGs that may explain the molecular line ratios observed in the population of FIR galaxies.  相似文献   

The Auroral Station in Adventdalen, Svalbard     

T Svenφe 《极地研究(英文版)》2002,13(1)

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多尺度空气质量模式系统及其验证Ⅱ.东亚地区对流层臭氧及其前体物模拟   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

张美根 《大气科学》2005,29(6):926-936

利用一个多尺度空气质量模式系统对东亚地区2001年春季对流层臭氧及其前体物的输送与演变过程进行了模拟.为了检验模式系统模拟臭氧演变过程的能力,将模拟的臭氧浓度及其与之紧密相关的化学物种浓度,如OH自由基、HO2自由基、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、乙烷和乙烯,与TRACE-P期间两架飞机在西北太平洋上空获取的大量观测资料进行了比较.比较结果表明,模拟值的平均值与相应的观测值具有相当好的一致性,且绝大多数模拟值在相应观测值的2倍范围之内;模拟的化学物种浓度的时空分布与观测结果基本相符;模式系统对于非甲烷烃中不同化学物种的输送与转化过程的处理是基本合理的,反映了光化学生成和平流层输送等过程对对流层臭氧浓度分布的影响.  相似文献   

蒙脱石晶体结构和水结构的矿物物理特征     

徐培苍  张晓云  李如璧  王永强  侯弘  李树德 《西北地质科学》1991,(2)

本文利用矿物物理研究方法对我国内蒙、浙江、甘肃等地的钙基、钠基、镁基蒙脱石的物质成分、晶体结构和层间OH,H_2O的排布结构进行了研究,并获得下列结论: 1.由X衍射和拉曼分子光谱分析深入研究了蒙脱石阳离子配位体结构特征,提出其空间群为C_2/m型。 2.建立了蒙脱石水结构模式,有3种主要类型:①层间大阳离子附近的束缚态水分子;②层间无大阳离子位置上的非束缚态水分子;③颗粒表面依靠氢键相连的水分子集合体。 3.利用群理论,提出了蒙脱石OH~-的振动模式,由振动分析指出蒙脱石中OH~-具有12个振动模式。  相似文献   

Kinetics and Products of the Gas-Phase Reaction of OH Radicals with 5-Hydroxy-2-Pentanone at 296± 2 K     

Sara M. Aschmann  Janet Arey  Roger Atkinson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(3):289-299

The 1,4-hydroxycarbonyl 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone is an important product of the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with n-pentane in the presence of NO. We have used a relative rate method with 4-methyl-2-pentanone as the reference compound to measure the rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone at 296 ± 2 K. The carbonyls were sampled by on-fiber derivatization using a Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) fiber coated with O> -(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride with subsequent thermal desorption of the oxime derivatives and quantification by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. For comparison, the reference compound was also analyzed following sample collection onto a Tenax adsorbent cartridge. Products of the reaction were investigated using coated-fiber SPME sampling with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis as well as by using in situ atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. A rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone of (1.6 ± 0.4) × 10^–11 cm³ molecule^–1 s^–1 was obtained at 296 ± 2 K. Two dicarbonyl products, of molecular weight 86 and 100, were observed and are attributed to CH₃C(O)CH₂CHO and CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CHO, respectively. Reaction schemes leading to these products are presented.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Salicylic Acid—Liquid Phase Scrubbing Technique to Monitor Atmospheric Hydroxyl Radicals     

R. A. Salmon  C. L. Schiller  G. W. Harris 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,48(1):81-104

A novel method has been examined for monitoring tropospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH), the most important oxidant in tropospheric chemistry. Aqueous phase salicylic acid reacts with atmospheric OH to produce 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) and other products. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is used to separate the post-reaction solution and the products are quantified using fluorescence detection. Unlike other methods, it has been reported to be inexpensive, portable and relatively simple. Although the sensitivity was sufficient to measure typical daytime OH concentrations of 0.04–0.4 ppt., the method was hindered by numerous interferences. Successive identification and elimination of these still resulted in a signal that was much larger than expected. Tests showed that this was not likely to be due to ozone, HO₂, NOx, H₂O₂, aerosols, light or bacteria. Experimental and numerical studies suggest that the interference could be due to methyl peroxy radicals. The effect of many other components in the atmosphere, both individual and combined, must also be tested before the method can be used reliably in the field. The validity of previous reports of ambient hydroxyl measurements using this technique is therefore brought into question.  相似文献   

红外光谱用于粘土矿物羟基取向的测定     

杨正华  朱自尊 《矿物学报》1995,15(3):265-270

粘土矿物羟基取向的问题，为许多学者所关注。本文利用羟基对红外光的敏感性，据吸收强度与入射光电矢量和振动电偶极矩的关系以及片状粘土矿物定向羟基的分布特征建立羟基相对于（００１）面取向的电矩圆锥模型，由此模型推导建立了一套测定羟基取向的方法。此方法的理论依据是量子化学，但又避开了复杂的量子化学计算过程。测定方法既简单又经济，具有较广泛的应用范围，已成功地测定了部分粘土矿物羟基取向。  相似文献   

低温加热后伊利石的激光拉曼光谱特征     

王强周瑶琪  马在平陈勇颜世永  刘超英张娟 《岩矿测试》2007,26(3):188-192

在分析伊利石结构和常温下拉曼光谱特征的基础上，尝试用激光拉曼光谱法监测伊利石随温度变化而发生的一系列情况，对经历了不同温度后的伊利石样品开展了拉曼光谱研究。结果显示，高波数段羟基振动峰带宽随温度升高呈现逐渐缩短的趋势，且其振动峰峰面积比值随温度升高而逐渐增大，并最终利用这些特征建立了温度与拉曼峰特征参数的数学表达式。  相似文献   

Urban Atmospheric Chemistry During the PUMA Campaign 1: Comparison of Modelled OH and HO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Concentrations with Measurements     

K.?M.?Emmerson  N.?CarslawEmail author  L.?J.?Carpenter  D.?E.?Heard  J.?D.?Lee  M.?J.?Pilling 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,52(2):143-164

Photochemical box modelling was undertaken to investigate OH and HO₂ radical chemistry during summer and winter field campaigns in the urban city-centre of Birmingham in the UK. The model employed the most recent version of the Master Chemical Mechanism (v3.1) and was constrained to 15-minute average measurements of long-lived species determined in situ at the site. The model was used to predict OH and HO₂ concentrations for comparison with measurements made by the fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique. Whilst there was generally good agreement between the modelled and measured OH concentrations, particularly during summer, there was sometimes a significant model under-prediction during daylight hours, which significantly skews the overall model: measured agreement. There were less measured data available for HO₂, but the agreement between model and measurement for the days where measurements existed were less good than for OH, with one or two exceptions. The modelled:measured ratios between the hours of 11:00–15:00 h for OH were 0.58 and 0.50 for summer and winter respectively. For HO₂, the same ratios were 0.56 in the summer and 0.49 in the winter. Sensitivity studies were conducted to attempt to understand the model-measurement discrepancy. The predicted radical concentrations were particularly sensitive to changes in NO_X concentrations. Constraining the model to the observed HO₂ concentrations made the OH predictions worse. These results highlight the fact that there are many complexities in urban areas and that more highly-instrumented campaigns are required in the future to further our understanding.  相似文献   

羟基自由基杀灭压载水中有害赤潮物种的生物有效性研究     

程超  白敏冬  郑琦琳  陈操  孟祥盈  张芝涛 《海洋学报》2016,38(2):131-137

本研究采用大气压下强电离放电协同气液混溶技术,高效制备羟基自由基(·OH)杀灭3个门的典型有害赤潮物种,使用荧光染色、测定光合作用潜能等生物学检测方法确定·OH致死阈值。结果表明,5.05×104 cells/mL的赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)、5.28×104 cells/mL的亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)和5.02×104 cells/mL的中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum),其致死阈值分别为1.24 mg/L、2.01 mg/L、1.12 mg/L,此时其叶绿素a分解率分别为77%、85%和74%。利用光学显微镜观察,处理前后藻细胞结构有明显的改变。因此,·OH致死方法可有效地杀灭压载水中的有害赤潮藻。  相似文献