Promotive effect of se on the growth and antioxidation of a blue-green algaSpirulina maxima     

Zhou Zhi-gang  Liu Zhi-li 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,16(4):346-358

Cultures of a blue-green algaSpirulina maxima (Setch. et Gard.) Geitler with various concentrations of Se in Zarrouk's medium showed that not higher than 40 mg/L Se could promote its growth. The present experiments showed thatS. maxima grown under normal conditions, has an oxidant stress defence system for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) removal, which is the Halliwell-Asada pathway. When 4 to 20 mg/L Se was added to the algal medium, this pathway was replaced by a so-called Sestressed pathway containing GSH peroxidase (GSH-POD). As a result of the occurrence of both higher activity of GSH-POD and lower levels of hydroxyl radical (OH·), the Se-stressed pathway scavenged H₂O₂ so effectively that the growth ofS. maxima was promoted by 4 to 20 mg/L Se. While GSH-POD activity of the alga disappeared at 40 mg/L Se, the recovery of ascorbate peroxidase was observed. The lower levels of ascorbic acid and GSH made the Halliwell-Asada pathway for scavenging H₂O₂ less effective, while the highest activity of catalase might be responsible in part for the H₂O₂ removal, causing the level of OH· inS. maxima grown at 40 mg/L Se to be much higher than the OH· level in this alga grown at 4 to 20 mg/L Se, but lower than that in the control. The OH· level changes caused the growth ofS. maxima cultured at 40 mg/L Se to increase slightly to close to that of the control.  相似文献   

Doppler Detection of Hydroxyl Column Abundance in the Middle Atmosphere: 2. Measurement for Three Years and Comparison with a 1D Model     

N. Iwagami  S. Inomata  T. Ogawa 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,29(2):195-216

The hydroxyl column abundance in the middle atmosphere is measured for 3 years in Tokyo by ground-based uv absorption spectroscopy utilizing the Doppler shift of the solar spectrum due to the solar rotation. The diurnal and seasonal variations of the measured column abundance are found to be reproduced qualitatively by a one-dimensional photochemical-diffusive model; however, the measured column abundances are smaller than the calculated by 20 to 30% systematically.  相似文献   

Free Radicals and Fast Photochemistry during BERLIOZ   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

U. Platt  B. Alicke  R. Dubois  A. Geyer  A. Hofzumahaus  F. Holland  M. Martinez  D. Mihelcic  T. Klüpfel  B. Lohrmann  W. Pätz  D. Perner  F. Rohrer  J. Schäfer  J. Stutz 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,42(1):359-394

The free radicals OH, HO₂, RO₂, and NO₃ are known to be the driving force for most chemical processes in the atmosphere. Since the low concentration of the above radicals makes measurements particularly difficult, only relatively few direct measurements of free radical concentrations have been reported to date.We present a comprehensive set of simultaneous radical measurements performed by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), Matrix Isolation –Electron spin Resonance (MI-ESR), Peroxy Radical Chemical Amplification (PERCA), and Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) during the BERLIner OZonexperiment (BERLIOZ) during July and August of 1998 near Berlin, Germany. Most of the above radical species were measured by more than one technique and an intercomparison gave good agreement. This data set offered the possibility to study and quantify the role of each radical at a rural, semi-polluted site in the continental boundary layer and to investigate interconnections and dependencies among these free radicals.In general (box) modelled diurnal profiles of the different radicals reproduced the measurements quite well, however measured absolute levels are frequently lower than model predictions. These discrepancies point to disturbing deficiencies in our understanding of the chemical system in urban air masses.In addition considerable night-time peroxy radical production related to VOC reactions with NO₃ and O₃ could be quantified.  相似文献   

石英玻璃原料矿的流体包裹体特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周永恒  顾真安 《矿物学报》2002,22(2):143-146

研究不同产地石英玻璃原料矿中包裹体的显微形貌、均一温度及红外光谱特征，矿物加工成高纯石英粉后，在氢气保护高温电炉中溶制成石英玻璃。分析原料矿包裹体特征与石英玻璃气泡、羟基质量的联系，结果表明：高温下不爆破的流体包裹体是形成石英玻璃气泡的主要因素，包裹体中的水发子溶解于SiO2熔体中形成石英玻璃的残余羟基。  相似文献   

Water contents and deformation mechanism in ductile shear zone of middle crust along the Red River fault in southwestern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YongSheng Zhou  ChangRong He  XiaoSong Yang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(10):1411-1425

Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), we measured water contents of quartz and feldspar for four thin sections of felsic mylonite and two thin sections of banded granitic gneiss col- lected from a ductile shear zone of middle crust along the Red Rivers-Ailaoshan active fault. The ab- sorbance spectra and peak position suggest that water in quartz and feldspar of granitic gneiss and felsic mylonite occurs mainly as hydroxyl in crystal defect, but also contains inclusion water and grain boundary water. The water contents of minerals were calculated based on the absorbance spectra. Water content of feldspar in granitic gneiss is 0.05 wt%-0.15 wt%, and that of quartz 0.03 wt%-0.09 wt%. Water content of feldspar ribbon and quartz ribbon in felsic mylonite is 0.095 wt%-0.32 wt%, and those of fine-grained feldspar and quartz are 0.004 wt%-0.052 wt%. These data show that the water content of weakly deformed feldspar and quartz ribbons is much higher than that of strongly deformed fine-grained feldspar and quartz. This suggests that strong shear deformation leads to breakage of the structures of constitutional water, inclusion and grain boundary water in feldspar and quartz, and most of water in minerals of mylonite is released to the upper layer in the crust.  相似文献   

Hydroxyl and Peroxy Radical Chemistry in a Rural Area of Central Pennsylvania: Observations and Model Comparisons   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xinrong?RenEmail author  William?H.?Brune  Christopher?A.?Cantrell  Gavin?D.?Edwards  Terry?Shirley  Andrew?R.?Metcalf  Robert?L.?Lesher 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,52(3):231-257

Atmospheric hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxy (HO₂), total peroxy (HO₂ and organic peroxy radicals, RO₂) mixing ratios and OH reactivity (first order OH loss rate) were measured at a rural site in central Pennsylvania during May and June 2002. OH and HO₂ mixing ratios were measured with laser induced fluorescence (LIF); HO₂ + RO₂ mixing ratios were measured with chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). The daytime maximum mixing ratios were up to 0.6 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) for OH, 30 pptv for HO₂, and 45 pptv for HO₂ + RO₂. A parameterized RACM (Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism) box model was used to predict steady state OH, HO₂ and HO₂ + RO₂ concentrations by constraining the model to the measured OH reactivity and previously measured volatile organic compound (VOC) distributions. The averaged model calculations are generally in good agreement with the observations. For OH, the model matched the observations for day and night, with an average observed-to-modeled ratio of 0.80. In previous studies such as PROPHET98, nighttime NO was near 0 pptv and observed nighttime OH was significantly larger than modeled OH. In this study, nighttime observed and modeled OH agree to within measurement and model uncertainties because the main source of the nighttime OH was the reaction HO₂ + NO → OH + NO₂, with the NO being continually emitted from the surrounding fertilized corn field. The observed-to-modeled ratio for HO₂ is 1.0 on average, although daytime HO₂ is underpredicted by a factor of 1.2 and nighttime HO₂ is over-predicted by a factor of ∼2. The average measured and modeled HO₂ + RO₂ agree well during daytime, but the modeled value is about twice the measured value during nighttime. While measured HO₂ + RO₂ values agree with modeled values for NO mixing ratios less than a few parts per billion by volume (ppbv), it increases substantially above the expected value for NO greater than a few ppbv. This observation of the higher-than-expected HO₂ + RO₂ with the CIMS technique confirms the observed increase of HO₂ above expected values at higher NO mixing ratios in HO₂ measurements with the LIF technique. The maximum instantaneous O₃ production rate calculated from HO₂ and RO₂ reactions with NO was as high as 10–15 ppb h⁻¹ at midday; the total daily O₃ production varied from 13 to 113 ppbv d⁻¹ and was 48 ppbv d⁻¹ on average during this campaign.  相似文献   

Gas-Phase OH Oxidation of Monoterpenes: Gaseous and Particulate Products     

Bo. R. Larsen  Dario Di Bella  Marianne Glasius  Richard Winterhalter  Niels R. Jensen  Jens Hjorth 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,38(3):231-276

Smog chamber experiments have beenconducted in which cyclic monoterpenes were oxidisedin the gas phase by OH. The evolved secondary organicaerosol (SOA) was analysed by LC-MSⁿ and thegas-phase products were analysed by FT-IR. Theconcentrations of the identified compoundscorresponded to carbon mass balances in the range of40%–90%. The identified compounds in the particularphase corresponded to 0.5%–4.2% of the reactedcarbon. The most abundant compounds in SOA fromterpenes with an endocyclic C=C double bond wereC₁₀-keto-aldehydes, C₁₀-keto-carboxylicacids, C₁₀-hydroxy-keto-carboxylic acids, andC₁₀-hydroxy-keto-aldehydes (pinonaldehyde,pinonic acid, hydroxy-pinonic acid isomers, andhydroxy-pinonaldehyde isomers from -pinene;3-caronaldehyde, 3-caronic acid, hydroxy-3-caronicacid isomers, and hydroxy-3-caronaldehyde isomers from3-carene). The most abundant compounds in SOA fromterpenes with an exocyclic C=C double bond wereC₉-ketones, C₉-dicarboxylic acids, andC₁₀-hydroxy-keto-carboxylic acids (nopinone,pinic acid, and hydroxy-pinonic acid isomers from-pinene; sabinaketone, sabinic acid andhydroxy-sabinonic acid isomers from sabinene).Decarboxylated analogues of most of the compounds werepresent in SOA in minor concentrations, such asC₉-keto-carboxylic acids (norpinonic acid,nor-3-caronic acid) and C₈-dicarboxylic acids(norpinic acid, nor-3-caric acid, norsabinic acid). InSOA from limonene, which contains an endocyclic aswell as an exocyclic C=C double bond, the mostabundant compounds were a C₁₀-keto-aldehyde andits oxo-derivative (limononaldehyde and keto-limononaldehyde) together with hydroxy-derivatives of aC₁₀-keto-carboxylic acid (isomers ofhydroxy-limononic acid). Also aC₁₀-keto-carboxylic acid (limononic acid) waspresent together with minor concentrations of aC₉-dicarboxylic acids (limonic acid), itsoxo-derivative (keto-limonic acid), and itsdecarboxylated analogue (norlimonic acid). Mechanisticpathways for the formation of these products, some ofwhich are identified here for the first time, areproposed.  相似文献   

Ce掺杂羟基铁插层蒙脱石的光催化性能研究     

吴平霄  李海玲 《矿物学报》2012,32(4):461-467

使用离子交换的方式制备了掺杂Ce的羟基铁插层蒙脱石,通过X射线粉末衍射分析(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线电子能谱(XPS)以及BET比表面积分析等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征。在不同实验条件下,使用插层蒙脱石作为异相光助Fenton试剂,考查了催化剂在紫外光条件下降解活性艳蓝的光催化性能。实验结果表明,掺杂Ce能明显提高羟基铁插层蒙脱石的光催化效率。在活性艳蓝(KN-R)初始质量浓度ρ0(KN-R)=75mg/L,pH=3.0,H2O2初始浓度[H2O2]0=4.9mmol/L条件下,t=100min时,掺杂2%Ce的铁插层蒙脱石对活性艳蓝的降解率为99.5%。实验结果结合化学结构的分析表征探讨了Ce对催化效果的影响。  相似文献   

海泡石中水的红外光谱及其结构稳定性的指示作用   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

宋功保  张建供  郭颖  万朴  彭同江  董发勤 《岩石矿物学杂志》1999,18(1):80-86

在仔细分析海泡石中水的约外谱图特点的基础上,本文其结构水（ＯＨ）结晶水（ＯＨ２）沸石水（Ｈ２Ｏ）吸收带进行了逐个归属,并对比分析了热液型和沉积型海泡石谱图的差异,通过分析处理海泡石样品红外谱图,发现热处理过程中谱图的变化特征与热相变过程能很好地吻合,论证了海泡石中水的红外光谱具有指示结构稳定性的作用。  相似文献   

羟基处理20t/h压载水中试实验研究     

刘兴旺  白希尧  周晓见  邓淑芳  王淑萍 《海洋技术学报》2004,23(3):78-81

模拟压载水排放过程,以球等鞭金藻为实验对象,进行了羟基处理20t／h压载水的中试实验。在高气压强电场作用下,将O2,H2O电离离解成OH^*等强氧化自由基,在分子层次上加工高浓度羟基等自由基溶液,泵入压载水主管道进行在线治理。实验结果表明羟基溶液在比值浓度为0．55mg／L时,在很短的排放管道中,就可以有效地抑制和杀死球等鞭金藻,分解叶绿素、氨基酸等。  相似文献