Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of a planktonic diatom assemblage including viable cells on the bottom in matsushima bay,northeastern japan     

ICHINOMIYA Mutsuo  TANIGUCHI Akira 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(2):160-166

Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of a planktonic diatom assemblage distributed in the water column and also settled on the bottom was investigated for the shallow coastal water in Matsushima Bay on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan during the period from October 1999 to September 2000. A spring bloom of diatoms began in April when nutrient concentrations started to increase, indicating the importance of nutrients. Viable cells of Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira spp., which were the dominant species in the water column throughout the year, were also always abundant in the bottom sediment. Both populations in the water column and on the bottom fluctuated essentially in parallel. For the planktonic diatoms in shallow coastal waters to maintain their vegetative populations in the water column, it would be advantageous for them to have a seeding population of viable cells on the bottom that are easily resuspended into the upper photic layer.  相似文献   

Study of the Interaction between Biological Cells of Different Shapes and Sizes and Electromagnetic Fields Produced by Natural Phenomena     

Diaz-Sandoval  Rosa  Mendoza  Blanca 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(1):143-156

We carry out a study of the interaction between electromagnetic fields produced innature and cells with no structure but with different shapes and sizes, considered asapproximations of those observed in the human body. Magnetic fields produced byvarious atmospheric and geomagnetic phenomena are compared with the fieldsgenerated by the cells themselves. Working with frequencies up to 10⁵ Hz, we found that in most cases lightning is the natural phenomena capable of producingfield intensities comparable to those generated by the cells. As a first approximationwe assume that a cell might be affected only if a field of intensity comparable to thecell's field is present. Oscillating fields of less intensity and their harmonics can involveresonant interactions with the cells, however this situation is not considered here. Under the approximation of our study we found that the size and the shape are parameters of paramount importance: lightning represents a natural hazard only for the largest cells, while the quadrangular cells are not affected by any of the natural phenomena considered here.  相似文献   

Hydrogen from coal: Production and utilisation technologies   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E. Shoko  B. McLellan  A.L. Dicks  J.C. Diniz da Costa   《International Journal of Coal Geology》2006,65(3-4):213-222

Although coal may be viewed as a dirty fuel due to its high greenhouse emissions when combusted, a strong case can be made for coal to be a major world source of clean H₂ energy. Apart from the fact that resources of coal will outlast oil and natural gas by centuries, there is a shift towards developing environmentally benign coal technologies, which can lead to high energy conversion efficiencies and low air pollution emissions as compared to conventional coal fired power generation plant. There are currently several world research and industrial development projects in the areas of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) and Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) systems. In such systems, there is a need to integrate complex unit operations including gasifiers, gas separation and cleaning units, water gas shift reactors, turbines, heat exchangers, steam generators and fuel cells. IGFC systems tested in the USA, Europe and Japan employing gasifiers (Texaco, Lurgi and Eagle) and fuel cells have resulted in energy conversions at efficiency of 47.5% (HHV) which is much higher than the 30–35% efficiency of conventional coal fired power generation. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) are the front runners in energy production from coal gases. These fuel cells can operate at high temperatures and are robust to gas poisoning impurities. IGCC and IGFC technologies are expensive and currently economically uncompetitive as compared to established and mature power generation technology. However, further efficiency and technology improvements coupled with world pressures on limitation of greenhouse gases and other gaseous pollutants could make IGCC/IGFC technically and economically viable for hydrogen production and utilisation in clean and environmentally benign energy systems.  相似文献   

Enviromental genotoxicity evaluation: Bayesian approach for a mixture statistical model     

A. M. de S. Bueno  C. A. de B. Pereira  M. N. Rabello-Gay  J. M. Stern 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2002,16(4):267-278

 The data analyzed in this paper are part of the results described in Bueno et al. (2000). Three cytogenetics endpoints were analyzed in three populations of a species of wild rodent – Akodon montensis – living in an industrial, an agricultural, and a preservation area at the Itajaí Valley, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The polychromatic/normochromatic ratio, the mitotic index, and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocites were used in an attempt to establish a genotoxic profile of each area. It was assumed that the three populations were in the same conditions with respect to the influence of confounding factors such as animal age, health, nutrition status, presence of pathogens, and intra- and inter-populational genetic variability. Therefore, any differences found in the endpoints analyzed could be attributed to the external agents present in each area. The statistical models used in this paper are mixtures of negative-binomials and Poisson variables. The Poisson variables are used as approximations of binomials for rare events. The mixing distributions are beta densities. The statistical analyzes are under the bayesian perspective, as opposed to the frequentist ones often considered in the literature, as for instance in Bueno et al. (2000).  相似文献   

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor on cultured cartilage cells from skate Raja porasa     

Fan Tingjun  Jin Lingyun  Wang Xiaofeng 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(4):305-311

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate,Raja porasa Günther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells were cultured in 20% FBS-supplemented MEM medium at 24°C. Twelve hours after culture initiation, the cartilage cells were treated with bFGF and IGF-II at different concentration combinations. It was found that 20 ng/ml of bFGF or 80 ng/ml of IGF-II was enough to have obvious stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. Test of bFGF and IGF-II together, revealed that 20 ng/ml of bFGF and 80 ng/ml of IGF-II together had the best stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. The cartilage cells cultured could form a monolayer at day 7. This work was partially supported and funded by the China Education Committee as the “Imbursement Project for Studied Abroad Returnees”.  相似文献   

Analysis of mesoscale convective systems in Catalonia using meteorological radar for the period 1996–2000     

Tomeu Rigo  Maria-Carmen Llasat   《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):458-472

The aim of this paper is to show a climatology of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula, on the basis of meteorological radar observations. Special attention was paid to those cases that have produced heavy rainfalls during the period 1996–2000. Identification of the MCS was undertaken using two procedures. Firstly, the precipitation structures at the lowest level were recognised by means of a 2D algorithm that distinguishes between convective and non-convective contribution. Secondly, the convective cells were identified using a 3D procedure quite similar to the SCIT (Storm Cell Identification and Tracking) algorithm that looks for the reflectivity cores in each radar volume. Finally, the convective cells (3D) were associated with the 2D structures (convective rainfall areas), in order to characterize the complete MCS. Once this methodology was presented the paper offers a proposal for classifying the precipitation systems, and particularly the MCS. 57 MCS structures were classified: 49% of them were identified as linearly well-organised systems, called TS (39%), LS (18%) and NS (43%). In addition to the classification, the following items were analysed for each MCS found: duration, season, time of day, area affected and direction of movement, and main radar parameters related with convection. The average features of those MCS show an area of about 25000 km², Z_max values of 47 dBz, an echotop of 12 km, the maximum frequency at 12 UTC and early afternoon and a displacement towards E-NE. The study was completed by analysing the field at surface, the presence of a mesoscale low near the system and the quasi-stationary features of three cases related with heavy rainfalls. Maximum rainfall (more then 200 mm in 6 h) was related with the presence of a cyclone in combination with the production of a convective train effect.  相似文献   

Extraction of plasmid-like DNA and high-quality total DNA from Porphyra yezoensis   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Guo Baotai  Dai Jixun  Shen Songdong  Bi Yuping  Shan Lei  Li Guangcun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2000,19(2):83-88

I~ODWrIONExtraction of DNA from Porphyra po~nsis is very difficult due tO its high content ofpolysaccharides. TO avoid the interference Of POlysaccharides, HOng et al. (1992) used LiCI tosoften Porphyra thalli cells to release DNA directly without lysing the thalli, hoWever, the procedure is problematic in the isolation of high-quality DNA. Kitade et al. (1996) established a complicated procedure which includes the grindiflg of material in liquid nitrogen, lysing of material inextra…  相似文献   

圆紫菜人工色素突变体的诱导与分离   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵爽  丁洪昌  刘长军  严兴洪 《海洋学报》2019,41(2):114-122

为获得圆紫菜人工色素突变体，本文使用一定剂量的紫外线辐照其叶状体，培养数天后，在叶状体上出现了少量颜色变异细胞，它们呈斑点状无规则地分布在野生型细胞中间。再培养2~3周，这些色素变异细胞分裂形成了不同颜色的细胞块，其颜色呈浅绿黄、橄榄色、草绿、绿褐、黄褐、浅褐、深紫红和浅紫红色等。在辐照强度0~80 μW/cm2范围内，叶状体上色素变异细胞块出现的频率随辐照强度的增加而增加，但增加至80 μW/cm2以上时，随着辐照强度的增加，色素变异细胞块出现的频率反而下降，这表明80 μW/cm2为有效的辐照强度。将色素变异细胞块切下，置入充气瓶内充气培养，待其释放出单孢子，随后从单孢子萌发体中挑选出了黄褐、橄榄色、红色、褐红等纯色的突变体，并利用叶状体单性生殖分别获得它们的遗传纯合丝状体（品系）。各突变品系的F₁叶状体与各自母体的颜色一样，说明其颜色是可稳定遗传的。与野生型品系相比，各色素突变品系的F₁叶状体的生长速度、活体吸收光谱、3种主要光合色素和色素蛋白的含量及它们相互间的比值均发生了明显改变。  相似文献   

鳗弧菌对魁蚶血细胞形态及免疫功能的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

周丽青  杨爱国  王清印  吕振明  刘志鸿  田吉腾  吴彪 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(3):536-541

本研究采用快速瑞氏-吉姆萨染色法观察鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)刺激后魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)几种血细胞的形态变化,研究不同种类血细胞的免疫功能。魁蚶血淋巴液中红细胞、白细胞和血栓细胞经免疫刺激后均发生形态改变,属于免疫防御的应激反应。经鳗弧菌免疫刺激后,红细胞无丝分裂现象增多,并参与病原菌的吞噬作用;白细胞变形运动、吞噬和融合现象普遍,细胞表面具有粘性,参与血栓的形成;血栓细胞主要表现出粘连和凝血的特性,偶有吞噬病原菌的现象;研究中检测了2种常规抗凝剂的抗凝效果,结果表明,2种抗凝剂分别改变了血栓细胞和白细胞的表面粘连特性,从而阻止它们参与凝血,因而都具有抗凝效果。本研究结果表明,魁蚶血细胞分工明确,能共同防御病原菌的入侵,细胞免疫在魁蚶血淋巴液抗菌免疫中起极其重要的作用,血细胞的形态变化和免疫功能分析可为后期研究魁蚶抗菌机制和筛选抗凝剂奠定基础。  相似文献   

Size of anal papillae in chironomids: Does it indicate their salinity stress?     

Ben J. Kefford  Kasturi Reddy-LopataColin Clay  Tarah HagenOrsolya Parkanyi  Dayanthi Nugegoda 《Limnologica》2011,41(2):96-106

Salinity of inland waters is affected by a range of human activities and is regarded as a major environmental contaminant in many parts of the world. Changes in salinity are well known to be associated with changes in macroinvertebrate communities of flowing waters. However, as many environmental factors co-vary with salinity, it is not known whether, and if so how, salinity causes communities to change. Being able to measure the osmoregulatory stress that individual stream macroinvertebrates are experiencing would be useful to understand if and how salinity affects their populations and thus communities. Additionally, inferring salinity stress in individual invertebrates could provide a valuable biomonitoring tool to detect the initial effects of salinity before major ecological changes have occurred. Osmoregulation in larval Chironomidae (Diptera) takes place in the anal papillae and their size is believed to be associated with osmoregulatory stress. In two laboratory experiments and a field survey in southern Victoria, Australia, we determine if the size of the anal papillae of larva chironomids is a useful biomarker of salinity stress. Experiments with Chironomus oppositus showed that the surface area of the anal papillae was similar in larva hatched across 5 egg masses collected from 3 sites but were affected by salinity treatments. Furthermore, the (transformed) ratio of this surface area to the body length of the larva was independent of the size of C. oppositus. However, for Chironomus cloacalis, this surface area differed between larva hatched from egg masses collected from the same site. The expected trend in surface area of the anal papillae relative to the size of larva (Chironomu alternans, C. cloacalis, Dicrotendipes sp., Criptochironomus sp. and Tanypodinae) was not duplicated in the field survey. It would appear that unknown factors, other than salinity, are affecting the size of the anal papillae of chironomids in southern Victoria.  相似文献