基于环境DNA宏条形码的丹江口水库浮游生物多样性及群落特征     

胡愈炘  彭玉  李瑞雯  黄杰  周正  胡圣  王英才  邱光胜 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1650-1659

为了解丹江口库区浮游生物群落的多样性,本研究于2020年7月在丹江口库区丹库、汉库和入库支流等区域共计9个样点采集水体样品,抽滤并提取总DNA样本后,基于18S和16S分子标记进行单分子实时测序,分别探究真核和原核浮游生物群落的多样性及其群落特征.结果表明：（1）真核浮游生物群落的主要优势类群包括节肢动物、链型植物、绿藻门、硅藻门等;本研究在种水平上鉴定出库区分布广泛且相对丰度较大的物种,包括弯曲隐藻、对蛋白核隐藻和空球藻等,它们与库区化学需氧量密切相关;库区化学需氧量是影响真核浮游生物群落格局的重要环境因子.（2）原核浮游生物群落的主要优势类群为变形菌门;原核生物中相对丰度较大的不动杆菌Acinetobacter是污水污染的指示菌群;群落中起重要作用的Limnohabitans与水体的富营养化密切相关;尽管库区蓝藻相对丰度较低,但与蓝藻关系密切的CL500-29_marine_group和hgcI_clade两类细菌在浮游生物群落中也起着重要作用;原核生物群落中的各类物种均指示丹江口水库的水生态健康存在一定风险,需要加强监测以预防生态环境的恶化.（3）丹江口水库不同区域的浮游生物群落异质性较大,tb-RDA分析显示丹江口的浮游生物群落可以分为丹库型、汉库型和入库支流型,其组间差异要大于组内差异.综上所述,丹江口水库的浮游生物群落具有明显的空间异质性,整个库区的群落结构与水体富营养化、水体有机污染和污水污染等方面相关,需要加强对丹江口库区的水生态监测.  相似文献   

青藏高原北麓河地区荒漠草原土壤细菌对热融滑塌的响应   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张晓兰  刘桂民  李新星  吴小丽  徐海燕  纪庚好  李莉莎  吴晓东 《冰川冻土》2019,41(4):977-985

多年冻土区地下冰融化造成的热融滑塌会对土壤理化性质产生一系列影响,进而影响微生物群落结构,但目前热融滑塌对荒漠草原区土壤微生物的影响还不清楚。利用Illumina测序方法,以青藏高原北麓河多年冻土区发生热融滑塌的荒漠草原为研究对象,对3种微地貌（对照区、滑塌区、沉降区）下的土壤细菌展开研究,分析了细菌群落结构及其与环境因子间的关系。结果显示滑塌区和沉降区有机碳含量显著低于对照区,滑塌区土壤含水量最高;放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门是3种微地貌下的优势菌群,对照区细菌群落丰富度显著低于滑塌区。Mantel检验表明,细菌群落结构与土壤理化性质间无显著相关性;非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）表明,微生物群落结构在3种微地貌下显著不同。研究结果表明,在荒漠草原区,热融滑塌会改变土壤理化性质,影响细菌特定门的微生物相对丰度,但对门水平的整体群落结构影响不显著。  相似文献   

基于高通量测序技术的北冰洋典型环境原生生物多样性研究进展     

陈一璇  孔菏君  徐大鹏 《海洋科学》2021,45(8):81-88

原生生物指可独立生存的单细胞或群体真核生物,其多样性高、结构功能复杂、分布广泛,是海洋微型浮游生物群落的重要组成部分,在维持海洋生态系统结构与功能中发挥着重要作用.早期使用显微镜、流式细胞术等传统方法对原生生物多样性的研究具有若干局限性,随着分子生物学技术的发展,测序技术(尤其高通量测序)为深入研究原生生物多样性、群落...  相似文献   

象山港2013年夏季浮游细菌群落的时空分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈和平  朱建林  张德民  祝翔宇  郑凯宏  王凯 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1268-1278

港湾水域生态系统易受到人类活动的影响,而浮游细菌是维持海洋生态系统平衡和稳定的重要组成部分,其分布模式和动态变化可以反映人为活动对港湾生态系统的影响程度。本研究以宁波象山港这一受人类活动影响较大的代表性港湾为对象,研究了其夏季表层浮游细菌群落的空间分布特征及影响因子。结果表明,象山港各海区的浮游细菌α-多样性及均匀度总体上无显著差异。浮游细菌群落结构基本按海区聚类,海区间浮游细菌群落结构差异显著;分析相隔15天的两个航次的样品后发现,每个海区的浮游细菌群落结构均呈明显的时间演替。盐度、温度及营养盐是影响浮游细菌群落结构的主要环境因子。四个分别来自聚球藻属（Synechococcus）、OCS155、SAR11及α-变形菌纲的可操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units,OTUs）是造成海区间细菌群落差异的主要贡献类群。部分海区中,两个航次的样品存在相似功能潜力的标志性类群,可能是浮游细菌对海区水质长期响应的结果。本研究初步揭示了象山港夏季表层浮游细菌群落分布及其对港湾环境变化的响应模式,为评估港湾环境扰动的微生态效应提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

循环水养殖黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)水体中循环率对水质因子和细菌群落多样性的影响     

李卢国  骆云慧  徐善良 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(2):318-327

为探讨循环水养殖系统中循环率对水质因子和细菌群落多样性的影响,以黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)为研究对象,研究了4次/天(低循环率)、8次/天(中循环率)、12次/天(高循环率)三个流量下,养殖桶和生物过滤桶两部分细菌群落结构、多样性以及细菌群落与环境因子的相关性。高通量测序结果表明:黑鲷循环水养殖中优势细菌类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。流量的升高可增加系统的细菌多样性,且高循环率过滤桶中具有净化水质降低营养盐功能的有益菌属更为多样化及丰度更高,同时,其系统去氨氮和总氮效果更好,去除率分别是49.5%和22.3%,氨氮去除率是低循环率组的2.9倍和中循环率的3.6倍,总氮去除率是低循环率组的8.2倍和中循环率组的20.5倍。PCoA分析和聚类分析结果表明,各实验组养殖桶与生物过滤桶中细菌群落组成有着明显的差异,中、高循环率组过滤桶菌落结构与低循环率的有明显的差异。环境因子与细菌群落结构相关性分析结果表明,总磷、活性磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐和总氮等指标对细菌群落结构影响相对较大,但未发现两者间有很显著的相关性。  相似文献   

池塘内循环流水养殖下太湖鲂鲌(翘嘴鲌(♀)×三角鲂(♂))肠道微生物群落变化的研究     

李倩  郭建林  王雨辰  姜建湖  孙丽慧  宓国强  陈建明  顾志敏 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(2):364-370

为研究池塘内循环流水养殖(In-pond Raceway, IPR)模式下太湖鲂鲌(翘嘴鲌(♀)×三角鲂(♂))肠道微生物群落结构的变化,以传统池塘养殖作为对照组,采用16SrRNA高通量测序方法分析了IPR养殖模式下太湖鲂鲌肠道的菌群结构及环境水体微生物多样性的变化。试验结果表明, IPR模式下太湖鲂鲌肠道微生物群落发生了明显的变化,在门分类水平,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)成为绝对优势菌,所占丰度为92.47%;对照组的优势菌由梭杆菌门、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)组成,三者所占的丰度分别为34.45%、33.30%和21.30%。在养殖水环境中,两种养殖模式的微生物群落数均大于肠道样本,且二者优势菌不同;IPR水环境的优势菌为蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria,36.53%),其次为放线菌门(Actinobacteria,24.67%);对照组水体中的优势菌为放线菌门和变形菌门,分别占细菌总数的38.99%和28.15%。多样性指数结果表明,水环境中的微生物群落Shannon多样性指数、Chao1指数高于肠道样本,IPR养殖对象肠道微生物群落多样性最低。本研究结果揭示,池塘内循环流水高密度养殖模式下,太湖鲂鲌的肠道微生物结构发生了一定的改变,微生物群落多样性降低,应注意该模式下养殖对象的肠道健康,加强养殖管理。  相似文献   

Diversity and geographical distribution of resting stages of eukaryotic algae in the surface sediments from the southern Chinese coastline based on metabarcoding partial 18S rDNA sequences     

Lei Liu  Zhaohui Wang  Songhui Lu 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(3):1-17

Surface sediment samples were collected from sixteen sites of the southern Chinese coastline in this study. Diversity of eukaryotic microalgae was examined using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rDNA to understand the community structure and geological distribution of microalgal resting stages. A total of 218 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected for eukaryotic algae, and only 75 OTUs (34.40%) were detected into species level. The algal communities were composed of sixty-four genera belonged to twelve classes of four phyla. Dinoflagellates were the most abundant and diversified group, which accounted for the average of 56.26% and 53.70% DNA reads and OTUs, respectively. Dinoflagellates were dominated by Protoperidinium, Euduboscquella, Amylax, and Paragymnodinium. Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira, and Skeletonema were abundant in diatoms, while Pedospumella and Paraphysomonas in Chrysophyceae were the most abundant genera due to their massive occurrence in some particular sites. The high abundance of Protoperidinium sequences suggested the high nutrient levels in the southern Chinese coastline. Nineteen of the detected OTUs were assigned to harmful and/or bloom-forming microalgae. The wide occurrence of the toxic dinoflagellate Azadinium poporum and high abundance of Alexandrium pacificum in some particular sites suggested the potential risk of human poisoning.  相似文献   

渤海沉积物中细菌群落结构和基因丰度的空间分布特征     

陈泉睿  樊景凤  苏洁  明红霞  孙志浩  李梦飞  赵小慧  王艳涛  张颖雪  张慧珍  金媛  马笑晚  王斌 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(2):69-78

This study investigated differences in the community structure and environmental responses of the bacterial community in sediments of the Bohai Sea.Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and real-time PCR were used to assay the bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the surface sediments of 13 sampling stations in the Bohai Sea.The results showed that sediments at the majority of the 13 sampling stations were contaminated by heavy metal mercury.The main phyla of bacteria recorded included Proteobacteria(52.92%),Bacteroidetes(11.76%),Planctomycetes(7.39%),Acidobacteria(6.53%)and Chloroflexi(4.97%).The genus with the highest relative abundance was Desulfobulbus(4.99%),which was the dominant genus at most sampling stations,followed by Lutimonas and Halioglobus.The main factors influencing bacterial community structure were total organic carbon,followed by depth and total phosphorus.The content of lead,cadmium,chromium,copper and zinc had a consistent effect on community structure.Arsenic showed a negative correlation with bacterial community structure in most samples,while the impact of mercury on community structure was not significant.The bacterial community in sediment samples from the Bohai Sea was rich in diversity and displayed an increase in diversity from high to low latitudes.The data indicated that the Bohai Sea had abundant microbial resources and was rich in bacteria with the potential to metabolize many types of pollutants.  相似文献   

基于高通量测序技术的两种水螅水母现场食物研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐盛楠  孙婷婷  彭赛君  张建设  董志军 《应用海洋学学报》2020,39(1):49-56

水母类在自然海区的食物组成是摄食生态学研究的核心问题,本研究利用高通量测序技术分析了管花萨氏水母(Sarsia tubulosa)和八斑芮氏水母(Rathkea octopunctata)的现场食物组成。结果表明:管花萨氏水母和八斑芮氏水母现场摄食食物具有较高的多样性,管花萨氏水母摄食食物31种,八斑芮氏水母29种;两种水母从食物组成上看,属于杂食性生物,其食物包括浮游动物、真菌、浮游植物、陆地植物碎屑等;管花萨氏水母和八斑芮氏水母二者互为捕食对象;二者摄食的食物类群具有相似性,主要来源于节肢动物门和颚足纲,均以太平真宽水蚤为摄食优势种,分别贡献两者食物总量的45.14%和42.42%。高通量测序技术是深入探究水母现场食物组成新的技术手段,两种水母的现场食物组成结果为水母摄食生态学的研究提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

Characterization of Bacterial Community Associated with Four Organs of the Yesso Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) by High-Throughput Sequencing     

MA Yuexin  LI Ming  SUN Jingxian  HAO Zhenlin  LIANG Jun  ZHAO Xuewei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(2):493-500

We used Illumina high-throughput sequencing of PCR-amplified V3-V4 16 S rRNA gene regions to characterize bacterial communities associated with the adductor muscles, gills, gonads and intestines of the Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis) from waters around Zhangzidao, Dalian, China. Overall, 421,276 optimized reads were classified as 25 described bacterial phyla and 308 genera. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae and Spirochaetae accounted for > 97% of the total reads in the four organs. The bacterial 16 S rDNA sequences assigned to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were abundant in the adductor muscles, gills and gonads; while reads from Tenericutes were dominant in the intestines, followed by those from Firmicutes, Chlamydiae, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the dominant genera in the adductor muscles, gills and gonads appeared to be Bacillus, Enterococcus and Lactococcus, whereas Mycoplasma was dominant in the intestines. The relative abundances of Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Alkaliphilus, Raoultella, Paenibacillus and Oceanobacillus were significantly lower in the intestine than in the other three organs. Cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis of the operational taxonomy units profile revealed significant differences in the bacterial community structure between the intestine and the other three organs. Taken together, these results suggest that scallops have intestine-specific bacterial communities and the adductor muscles, gills and gonads harbor similar communities. The difference in the bacterial community between organs may relate to unique habitats, surroundings, diet and their respective physiological functions.  相似文献