湛江湾沉积物中反硝化和厌氧氨氧化细菌的丰度、多样性及分布特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

毛铁墙  董宏坡  陈法锦  侯庆华  朱庆梅  阳雯娜  张家伟  纪梓晗  凌炜琪 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(1):59-74

采用实时荧光定量PCR、高通量测序等方法对湛江湾沉积物中四个月份的反硝化细菌与厌氧氨氧化细菌的多样性和丰度进行了分析。结果表明:湛江湾沉积物中反硝化细菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度在四个月份的变化和空间分布趋势为:nirS型反硝化细菌在二月份最高,四月份最低,且其平均丰度有从湛江湾湾内向湾口附近呈现先升高再降低的趋势;nirK型反硝化细菌丰度在九月份最高,十一月份最低;nosZ型反硝化细菌在四月份最高,其余月份变化不大;厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度在九月份最高,二月份最低。通过相关性分析结果表明,亚硝酸盐、铵盐等共同调控着湛江湾沉积物中反硝化和厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度变化。系统发育分析表明:湛江湾中存在着一些广泛分布的反硝化细菌,但也生活着一些新奇的nirK型和nosZ型反硝化细菌。对于厌氧氨氧化细菌而言,其主要属于浮霉菌门及Candidatus Scalindua属,具有较高的耐盐性,另外湛江湾海区的厌氧氨氧化细菌也生活着一类在其他地方没有的新分支。典范对应分析分析结果表明:硝酸盐显著影响湛江湾反硝化细菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌的群落结构。湛江湾沉积物中反硝化细菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌存在特殊的竞争与共存的关系,且由亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、pH等多种环境因子共同驱动。  相似文献   

珠江下游浮游细菌群落结构的时空分布特征     

杜宛璘  孙金辉  麦永湛  赖子尼  贾慧娟  葛大艳  王超 《湖泊科学》2020,32(2):380-394

浮游细菌群落对河流变化具有高度响应性,并可能影响河流生境的生物地球化学过程.因此,了解浮游细菌群落的时空特征,阐明其在河流生态系统中的生态功能具有重要科学意义.于2016年6月和12月对珠江下游浮游细菌群落结构的时空特征进行调查研究,并采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对样品组分进行分析.结果表明细菌群落主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、抗微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)组成.其中变形菌门相对丰度最高,主要包括β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria).季节上,丰水期Shannon-Wiener和Chao 1多样性指数高于枯水期其中芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)和黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteriia)差异显著;空间上,珠江下游可分为西江沿线、珠三角河网中部和广州市周边3个区域.采用RDA分析表明水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、磷酸盐(PO_4~(3-)-P)、硅酸盐(SiO_4--Si)、总磷(TP)和透明度(SD)是驱动细菌群落变化最显著的环境因子,可影响细菌的增殖代谢.其中WT和SD是影响季节差异的重要因素将丰水期和枯水期区分开;而DO、化学需氧量(COD)和营养盐(PO_4~(3-)-P、SiO_4~(2-)-Si、TP)是影响空间差异的重要因素将西江沿线、珠三角河网中部和广州市周边区分开.PICRUSt功能预测分析表明,转运体(Transporters)、ABC转运体(ABC transporters)、DNA修复和重组蛋白(DNA repair and recombination proteins)等是珠江下游浮游细菌群落所表达的主要功能其中转运体和ABC转运体功能丰水期明显高于枯水期.研究结果可为珠江下游生态环境保护提供科学参考依据.  相似文献   

Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Communities from a Nitrification–Denitrification Treatment of Landfill Leachates     

Ana Isabel Díaz  Paula Oulego  Adriana Laca  Jos Manuel Gonzlez  Mario Díaz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(11)

The efficiency of the biological removal of carbon and nitrogen from leachates is determined by the activity of microbial populations present in biological reactors. In this work, a complete characterization of bacterial communities revealed by personal genome machine sequencing (PGM) has been carried out from different points of a nitrification–denitrification process operated in an urban landfill. The leachate fed to the treatment is a mixture of young leachate, old leachate, and effluent from an anaerobic digestion process, in a volume ratio of 1:0.9:0.12, respectively. The anoxic and oxic reactors are followed by an ultrafiltration step. Samples are taken from different points of the process. Results reveal the microbial diversity of the samples, which include detection of minority populations that are difficult to explore by other methods. Bacteria belonging to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria are dominant in all the samples analyzed. Proteobacteria represents more than 50% of the total population in all cases. Samples taken after the biological treatment show a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Lentisphaerae phyla in comparation with the initial leachate. The relative abundance of the classes is also studied and the most abundant in the samples are β‐Proteobacteria and Flavobacteria.  相似文献   

城市河流细菌群落特征及影响因素——以鄱阳湖流域赣江南昌段为例     

刘君政  王鹏  肖汉玉  陈波 《湖泊科学》2018,30(3):741-752

为了了解赣江细菌群落特征,探讨环境因子对城市河流细菌群落结构组成的影响,本文基于高通量测序分析鄱阳湖流域赣江南昌段2015年4月至2016年3月5个采样点(G1~G5)的细菌群落特征.采用R语言"Vegan"程序包中的"Bioenv"程序、冗余分析方法分析环境因子对河水细菌群落的影响,基于Bayesian统计方法的Source Tracker模型估算南昌城区对赣江细菌群落的改变比例.结果表明:赣江南昌段的优势菌门为放线菌门(Actinobacteria,34.05%)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria,31.59%),其次为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,15.49%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,9.12%);气温和流量是河流细菌群落主要影响因子,其中气温是影响OTU丰度的最佳单参数,影响门丰度的最佳单参数是流量;水文气象条件(气温和流量)对河流细菌群落的影响大于水化学指标,包括营养盐(溶解有机碳、总磷和铵态氮)、水化学离子(HCO_3~-、Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Na~+、K~+和Mg~(2+))和重金属元素(Mn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、As、Ba和Fe).除Proteobacteria外,其余门的细菌相对丰度在5个采样点之间不存在显著差异;Source Tracker模型结果表明南昌城区对赣江细菌群落结构组成的影响为6.33%~34.67%,对赣江南支细菌群落的影响显著高于其他河段;南昌城区对细菌群落的影响较小,主要的影响门类为Proteobacteria.  相似文献   

雌、雄弓背青鳉(Oryzias curvinotus)肝脏转录组比较分析     

董忠典  黎学友  廖健  张宁  郭昱嵩  王中铎 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1203-1213

为发掘弓背青鳉(Oryzias curvinotus)肝脏功能基因、开发环境检测标记基因,本研究采用RNA-Seq技术分别测定了性成熟雌、雄弓背青鳉肝脏转录组,并获得80095044和87043984条clean reads,合并拼接出49912个unigenes(N50=2394bp)。基因表达差异分析显示在雌、雄弓背青鳉肝脏组织中存在571个差异基因(DEGs),其中364个在雄鱼中高表达,207个在雌鱼中高表达。GO和KEGG分析表明差异基因主要参与激素合成、免疫反应、氧化还原反应及卵黄发生等生物学过程。进一步,在转录组中筛选到了多个环境雌激素相关标记基因(vtgs,chgs,er,cyp450等),且这些基因在雌鱼肝脏中的表达水平显著高于雄鱼。研究结果丰富了弓背青鳉的基因资源,为研究基因功能提供了数据,也有助于进一步研究鱼类肝脏在不同性别之间的功能。  相似文献   

海洋蛭弧菌DA5全基因组测序及序列分析     

陆友云  薛明  李志桦  温崇庆 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(6):112-119

为深入挖掘和利用海洋蛭弧菌及其基因资源, 本研究利用Illumina HiSeq测序平台对一株属于嗜盐噬菌弧菌(Halobacteriovorax)的海洋蛭弧菌DA5进行了全基因组测序, 对基因组进行组装、基因预测和功能注释, 并与其他8株蛭弧菌进行了比较基因组分析。结果显示: DA5基因组大小为3.27Mb, GC含量为36.5%, 预测编码基因3175个。在DA5基因组中注释到303个基因具有直系同源蛋白簇分类, 与代谢通路相关基因1239个。比较基因组分析表明: DA5符合海洋蛭弧菌基因组的基本特征, 与其他8株蛭弧菌共有467个同源基因家族, 而DA5特有基因为266个。DA5中与细胞运动相关基因62个, 其中编码甲基受体趋化蛋白、鞭毛蛋白、鞭毛马达及其开关蛋白基因均与嗜盐噬菌弧菌BAL6_X的对应基因亲缘关系最近。对DA5全基因组序列的注释和功能分析, 为深入研究其捕食特性和作用机制, 并更有效地利用其防控海水养殖细菌病害提供了基础。  相似文献   

病毒感染海洋球石藻Emiliania huxleyi的转录组分析     

田雪  蔡伟聪  苏金净  吴书燕  刘静雯 《海洋学报》2019,41(12):103-112

海洋球石藻Emiliania huxleyi及其特异性裂解病毒E. huxleyi virus (EhVs)在调节海洋碳、硫循环及全球气候变化中起着重要作用,也是开展真核生物病毒–宿主相互作用研究的良好模型系统之一。为了探究病毒感染条件下E. huxleyi基因表达水平的变化,以海洋球石藻E. huxley–BOF 92及其专一性裂解病毒EhV-99B1为研究对象,利用Illumina HiSeq 2000高通量测序技术,分别对E. huxleyi病毒感染组(Exp)和非感染对照组(Con)6 h和45 h的藻细胞样品进行转录组测序分析。共得到32 909条平均长度为1 153 bp的基因。病毒感染6 h和45 h分别得到2 617和5 229个差异表达基因,其中共差异表达基因465个。随机选取10条差异表达基因,采用qRT-PCR进行实验验证,结果证实转录组分析可靠。GO功能注释和KEGG通路富集,发现大量基因与氧化应激反应、脂类代谢、碳水化合物代谢及信号转导等代谢过程相关,其中变化最显著的是谷胱甘肽代谢途径。从病毒感染球石藻转录组中筛选出部分与氧化应激反应相关的基因,其中9个基因显著上调,11个基因显著下调,表明宿主能够通过体内的氧化应激反应响应病毒胁迫。  相似文献   

High-throughput sequencing of 16S r RNA amplicons characterizes gut microbiota shift of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus feeding with three antibiotics     

ZHAO Ye  WANG Qing  LIU Hui  LI Bingjun  ZHANG Hongxia 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(5):1714-1725

Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an important marine economic species in Asian countries due to its profound nutritional and medicinal value. So far, with the rapid development of intensifi ed artifi cial aquaculture of sea cucumbers, the use of antibiotics is still an inexpensive and dispensable way to treat pathogenic infections, especially during the nursery phase. However, there is little information on the eff ects of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumber. Therefore an Illumina based sequencing method was used to examine the intestinal bacterial composition of juvenile A . japonicas following diets with three typical antibiotics (tetracycline, erythromycin, and norfl oxacin) under 15, 30, and 45 d. The fi ndings reveal that diff erent antibiotics have distinct eff ects on the growth performance of juvenile sea cucumbers. However, the richness and diversity of microbiota were barely aff ected by antibiotics but the community composition alterations indicated that the three antibiotics exhibited their respective patterns of reshaping the intestinal bacteria of juvenile sea cucumbers. In common, the abundance of some sensitive genera with helpful functions, such as Thalassotalea , Shewanella , Sulfi tobacter , and Halomonas decreased signifi cantly with exposure to antibiotics and the abundance of multiple potential pathogenic- and suspected antibiotic-resistant microorganisms like Arcobacter , Leucothrix , and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was found increased signifi cantly in the antibiotic groups. These results suggest that low doses of antibiotics could aff ect the composition of the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumbers and might increase the risk of infection of the hosts. This study could help us to explore how antibacterial compounds modify the gut microbiota of sea cucumbers and provide theoretical guidance in hatchery management by scientifi c antibiotic use in sea cucumber mariculture.  相似文献   

Transcriptome characterization and SSR discovery in Squaliobarbus curriculus     

LI Caijuan  TENG Teng  SHEN Fanfan  GUO Jinqiang  CHEN Yining  ZHU Chuankun  LING Qufei 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(1):235-244

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Effect of carbon and nitrogen ratio control on Artemia growth,water quality,biofloc microbial diversity under high salinity and zero-water exchange culture condition     

WANG Shanyue  CUI Xueping  XU Ruyi  GAO Meirong  SUI Liying 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(5):1768-1776

Biofloc technology has been applied successfully in the intensive aquaculture of several fish and shrimp species. The growth of heterotrophic microorganisms can be stimulated through adding extra carbon, which reduces the nitrogen level in the water and provides microbial protein to the animals. However, most of the studies and practical applications have been conducted in freshwater and marine environment. This paper focused on brine shrimp Artemia that lives in high salinity environment together with other halophilic or halotolerant microorganisms. The effect of carbon supplementation on Artemia growth, water quality, and microbial diversity of biofl ocs was studied in the closed culture condition without any water exchange. The salinity of the culture medium was 100. A 24-d culture trial was conducted through supplementing sucrose at carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 5, 15, and 30 (Su5, Su15, and Su30), respectively. The culture without adding sucrose was used as a control. Artemia was fed formulated feed at a feeding ration of 60% recommended feeding level. The results showed that sucrose supplementation at higher C/N ratio (15 and 30) signifi cantly improved the Artemia survival, growth and water quality ( P <0.05). Addition of sucrose at C/N ratio of 15 and 30 significantly increased biofloc volume (BFV)( P <0.05). The Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis showed that supplementing carbon at C/N ratio of 15 had a better total bacterial diversity and richness, and shaped the microbial composition at genera level. This study should provide information for studying the mechanism of biofloc technology and its application in high salinity culture conditions.  相似文献