共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 890 毫秒
1.
辽河口沉积物反硝化过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来，辽河口沿岸人类活动频繁，工农业活动发达，大量的氮、磷等营养物质输入至感潮河段继而排放入海，导致辽河口水体富营养化程度加剧。沉积物区域是反硝化作用的重要发生地和微生物富集地。微生物能够将沉积物中的硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐还原为N2O和N2释放到大气中，进而减轻河口生态系统氮负荷。本文中的实验采用定量PCR技术测定辽河口表层沉积物反硝化过程功能基因narG、nirK、norB、nosZ的基因丰度，结果表明，主导硝酸盐还原的narG功能基因丰度最高。使用高通量测序技术对nirK型功能基因进行测序，结果显示，在辽河口反硝化细菌中Devosia、Phaeobacter、Alcaligenes、Pseudomonas菌属丰度较高。反硝化功能基因的丰度主要受到沉积物粒径的影响，norB基因丰度与多个环境因子显著相关。nirK型反硝化细菌的群落结构和多样性主要受盐度、pH、溶解氧以及NO2?的影响。研究分析了反硝化功能基因丰度和细菌群落结构及其主要影响因子，其结果为辽河口水体富营养化中氮元素归趋的认知提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
为比较厌氧氨氧化细菌16S rRNA基因的2对特异性引物(Amx368F/Amx820R、Brod541F/Amx820R)在其分子生态学研究方面的优点与不足,本研究采用高通量测序和qPCR技术对长江口及其邻近海域沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌细菌的群落组成、多样性和丰度进行比较分析,结果表明,引物Amx368F/Amx820R特异性较高,能够较为完整地反映沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌的多样性信息,且其覆盖的厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度与功能基因hzo丰度正相关(P0.01);而引物Brod541F/Amx820R特异性较低,覆盖部分厌氧氨氧化细菌及其他多个门的细菌,其量化的厌氧氨氧化细菌与功能基因hzo丰度无明显相关关系(P0.05)。因此,引物Amx368F/Amx820R能够更加真实地反映厌氧氨氧化细菌在海洋沉积物中的群落特征,在其分子生态学研究中更具优势。 相似文献
3.
分析海洋水体及沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌所处的环境条件,比较海洋与淡水环境中其物种组成的差异,总结了其物种组成、丰度及厌氧氨氧化活性对环境因子的响应规律。认为厌氧氨氧化细菌物种组成受多种环境因子的影响。其中,盐度为影响其物种组成的最显著因素,如Candidatus Brocadia,Candidatus Kuenenia及Candidatus Scalindua分别适应淡水、寡盐和海水环境;同一地区,其物种组成在不同季节表现出明显差异,夏季的多样性高于冬季的;根据陆源厌氧氨氧化细菌多样性及海洋沉积物中浮霉菌门多样性随深度增加而减小的趋势,推断海洋沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌多样性与深度成反比。厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度、厌氧氨氧化活性与温度、NO-2及NO-3浓度之间成正相关;丰度与季节的关系,在不同地区的研究结果存在差异。未来厌氧氨氧化细菌研究工作重点应在其对氧浓度的耐受范围、海洋中厌氧氨氧化细菌多样性随深度的变化规律、导致其物种组成、丰度及厌氧氨氧化活性季节性差异的具体环境因子。 相似文献
4.
渤海硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮季节循环分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
根据1985－1987年期间19个月份的断面调查资料分析，莱州湾、渤海湾是硝酸盐氮浓度较高的海域，辽东湾、渤海湾是亚硝酸盐氮浓度较高的海域。硝酸盐氮浓度冬季最高，夏季最低；亚硝酸盐氮浓度秋季最高，春季最低。硝酸盐氮浓度的季节在莱州湾、渤海湾海域最大；亚硝酸盐氮浓度的季节变化在辽东湾最大。在分析海域，秋季硝酸盐氮浓度表、底层差异最大；夏季平均亚硝酸盐氮浓度表、底层差异最大。海洋生物化学过程是引起渤海硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度季节变化的主要原因。渤海硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮基本维持着准平衡态季节循环，底层硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮准平衡态季节循环比较稳定，表层的季节循环容易受到其他因素的影响发生变异。 相似文献
5.
本研究在长江口附近海域采集表层沉积物,采用实验室模拟培养与分子生物学手段相结合的方法,通过测定纳米氧化锌(ZnO NPs)和菲(Phe)胁迫下沉积物中NO-3-N和NO-2-N浓度和反硝化还原酶活性及反硝化细菌基因丰度和群落多样性变化,目的是比较研究ZnO NPs和Phe对河口区沉积物反硝化作用及功能菌群落结构的影响,并探讨其作用过程和可能的作用机制。结果表明:ZnO NPs和Phe对沉积物硝酸盐还原能力和亚硝酸还原能力均产生抑制作用,浓度越高,抑制作用越强,其中亚硝酸盐还原过程受到2种污染物抑制更强烈,加重了沉积物亚硝酸盐的累积。ZnO NPs对沉积物硝酸盐还原能力、硝酸还原酶活性、narG基因丰度的抑制程度大于Phe,Phe对沉积物亚硝酸盐还原能力、亚硝酸还原酶和nirS基因丰度的抑制程度大于ZnO NPs,表明对反硝化还原酶和反硝化功能基因的抑制是外源污染物胁迫影响反硝化过程的主要机制。ZnO NPs和Phe降低了沉积物反硝化菌群落多样性水平,增加沉积物中Halomonas的优势度,降低了Bacillus的优势度,但Phe对沉积物群落多样性和组成的影响更加明显,说明Phe对长江口海区的生态影响大于ZnO-NPs。 相似文献
6.
7.
从长江口沉积物中筛选分离出了海洋反硝化细菌,模拟了该细菌对不同浓度水平硝酸盐氮的去除效率。研究结果表明,分离出的海洋反硝化细菌能有效去除海水中硝酸盐氮,在硝酸盐氮的初始浓度为 1 mg/L,1 d 内硝酸盐氮去除率就达到了 70 %;在 100 mg/L 硝酸盐氮模拟试验中,约在一周内能将 90 % 硝酸盐氮去除。试验证明反硝化细菌的生长与水体中硝酸盐氮浓度有一定的相关关系,一旦生物修复过程完成,反硝化细菌就会大量死亡,水体重新恢复到清澈透明状况。 相似文献
8.
9.
胶州湾水母类生态研究Ⅱ.优势种丰度的时空分布 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
根据2003年5月-2004年9月胶州湾浮游生物浅水Ⅰ型网中水母的调查资料,分析了胶州湾水母类优势种丰度的季节变化及水平分布.结果表明,对于优势度最大的优势种,半球美螅水母一年中有6月和9（8）月两个丰度高峰,2003年6月丰度最高,达29.5ind/m^3,占当月水母总丰度的47.2 %;薮枝螅水母一年中有9（8）月份和4月份两个丰度高峰,2003年9月份的丰度最高,达12.9ind/m3,占当月水母总丰度的17.4%,4月份该种的丰度占水母总丰度的93.1%;五角水母在9月份丰度高达28.8ind/m^3,占当月水母总丰度的38.7%;八斑芮氏水母2、3月份的丰度均很高,分别为64.7ind/m3、118.0ind/m3,分别占水母总平均丰度的99.5%和98.0 %.对于优势度较小的优势种：四枝管水母、日本真瘤水母、四手触丝水母,真拟杯水母和锡兰和平水母,由于在个别月份占优势,其丰度高低随种类的不同及所在月份的不同而不同.就丰度水平分布来讲,不同优势种类的分布不同时间有所不同,但其丰度分布大都倾向于以湾顶区、湾西部、湾东北部、东部港口沿岸、黄岛沿岸为密集中心. 相似文献
10.
为了反演珠江口过去环境的厌氧氨氧化活动状况,本文分析了来自珠江口3个站位的柱状沉积物中梯烷脂的含量,在所有的样品中均检测到了梯烷脂,表明珠江口地区存在厌氧氨氧化活动。P03沉积柱的梯烷脂总含量为0.16~4.13μg/g,L1为0.15~1.3μg/g,C2T为0.07~2.19μg/g。梯烷脂的垂直分布特征表明3个沉积柱中厌氧氨氧化细菌的来源可能不同,P03沉积柱中梯烷脂可能主要来源于沉积物中的厌氧氨氧化细菌,而L1梯烷脂可能来自上层水体和沉积物,C2T的厌氧氨氧化活动可能主要发生在底层缺氧水体中。将梯烷脂与总有机碳(TOC)作相关性分析,结果显示在TOC含量高的柱状样中,两者相关性好,TOC校准后的梯烷脂与原梯烷脂的分布趋势的一致性,表明梯烷脂含量能够指示厌氧氨氧化活动。对珠江口过去的厌氧氨氧化活动的重建表明P03站位沉积物中厌氧氨氧化活动自1970—1990增强,L1站位的厌氧氨氧化活动近十年来亦逐年增强,C2T站位上覆水体的厌氧氨氧化活动则呈现近几年快速增强的趋势。虽然本研究仅初步探讨了近些年来珠江口厌氧氨氧化活动的变化规律,但为进一步研究珠江口氮循环过程提供了良好的基础。 相似文献
11.
During 1985～1987,the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was higher in the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Bay while that of nitrite nitrogen was higher in the Liaodong Bay and the Bohai Bay,The concentration of nitrate nitrogen was highest in winter and lowest in summer while that of nitrite nitrogen was highest in autumn and lowest in spring .the seasonal variation of the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was maximum in the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Bay while that of the concentration of nitrite nitrogen was maximum in the Liaodong Bay.There was a great difference in the concentration of nitrate nitrogen between the surface and the bottom in autumn and in the concentration of nitrite nitrogen between the surface and the bottom in summer.The main reason for the seasonal variations of the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen was the marine biochemical process.The nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the Bohai Sea basically maintained a quasi-equilibrium state seasonal cycle,The quesi-equilibrium state seasonal cycle of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen at the bottom was stable while that at the surface was liable to variations caused by other factors. 相似文献
12.
Christopher T. Mills Robert F. Dias Dennis Graham Kevin W. Mandernack 《Marine Chemistry》2006,98(2-4):197-209
Sediment samples ranging from 0.05 to 278 m below sea floor (mbsf) at a Northwest Pacific deep-water (5564 mbsl) site (ODP Leg 191, Site 1179) were analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Total PLFA concentrations decreased by a factor of three over the first meter of sediment and then decreased at a slower rate to approximately 30 mbsf. The sharp decrease over the first meter corresponds to the depth of nitrate and Mn(IV) reduction as indicated by pore water chemistry. PLFA-based cell numbers at site 1179 had a similar depth profile as that for Acridine orange direct cell counts previously made on ODP site 1149 sediments which have a similar water depth and lithology. The mole percentage of straight chain saturated PLFAs increases with depth, with a large shift between the 0.95 and 3.95 mbsf samples. PLFA stable carbon isotope ratios were determined for sediments from 0.05 to 4.53 mbsf and showed a general trend toward more depleted δ13C values with depth. Both of these observations may indicate a shift in the bacterial community with depth across the different redox zones inferred from pore water chemistry data. The PLFA 10me16:0, which has been attributed to the bacterial genera Desulfobacter in many marine sediments, showed the greatest isotopic depletion, decreasing from − 20 to − 35‰ over the first meter of sediment. Pore water chemistry suggested that sulfate reduction was absent or minimal over this same sediment interval. However, 10me16:0 has been shown to be produced by recently discovered anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria which are known chemoautotrophs. The increasing depletion in δ13C of 10me16:0 with the unusually lower concentration of ammonium and linear decrease of nitrate concentration is consistent with a scenario of anammox bacteria mediating the oxidation of ammonium via nitrite, an intermediate of nitrate reduction. 相似文献
13.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(16):1021-1031
Anammox is the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium by nitrite or nitrate to yield N2. This process, along with conventional denitrification, contributes to nitrogen loss in oxygen-deficient systems. Anammox is performed by a special group of bacteria belonging to the Planctomycetes phylum. However, information about the distribution, activity, and controlling factors of these anammox bacteria is still limited. Herein, we examine the phylogenetic diversity, vertical distribution, and activity of anammox bacteria in the coastal upwelling region and oxygen minimum zone off northern Chile. The phylogeny of anammox bacteria was studied using primers designed to specifically target 16S rRNA genes from Planctomycetes in samples taken during a cruise in 2004. Anammox bacteria-like sequences affiliated with Candidatus “Scalindua spp.” dominated the 16S rRNA gene clone library. However, 62% of the sequences subgrouped separately within this cluster and together with a single sequence retrieved from the suboxic zone of the freshwater Lake Tanganyika. The vertical distribution and activity of anammox bacteria were explored through CARD-FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization with catalyzed reporter deposition) and 15N labeling incubations, respectively, at two different open-ocean stations during a second cruise in 2005. Anammox bacterial CARD-FISH counts (up to 3000 cells ml−1) and activity (up to 5.75 nmol N2 L−1 d−1) were only detected at the station subjected directly to the upwelling influence. Anammox cell abundance and activity were highest at 50 m depth, which is the upper part of the OMZ. In this layer, a high abundance of cyanobacteria and a marked nitrogen deficit were also observed. Thus, our results show the presence of a new subcluster within the marine anammox phylogeny and indicate high vertical variability in the abundance and activity of anammox bacteria that could be related to an intensification of carbon and nitrogen cycling in the upper part of the OMZ. 相似文献
14.
1IntroductionEstuaries are the main channels linking bothland and coastal seas,through which pass matterleached from land into rivers,together with anthro-pogenic matter discharged directly into the estuaries.During the past few decades,increasing concern… 相似文献
15.
桑沟湾浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量分布的季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2011年4、8、10月及2012年1月对桑沟湾进行了浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量的季节调查。纤毛虫的平均丰度为(7 552±10 979)个/L,范围为408~61 667个/L;纤毛虫的平均生物量(以碳计)为(4.79±5.77)μg/L,范围为0.35~33.09 μg/L。无壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量主要分布在湾内,湾中和湾外丰度相对较低;砂壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量在盐度较高的海区总体较高,呈现朝向外海分布的趋势。纤毛虫丰度和生物量的高值区春季主要出现在湾的西北,夏季向湾中部迁移,秋季主要出现在湾的西南,冬季主要出现在湾的西部,高值区随季节大致呈顺时针迁移的趋势。纤毛虫的丰度春季最高,冬季最低;生物量夏季最高,冬季最低。无壳纤毛虫夏季粒级较大,冬季粒级较小;砂壳纤毛虫壳的平均口径夏季较大,秋季较小。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫8属27种,其中拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)种数最多。砂壳纤毛虫在纤毛虫总丰度中的比例平均为16.3%±21.9%,夏季最高(36.3%±27.8%),冬季最低(4.9%±5.9%)。纤毛虫丰度与温度、盐度、Chl a浓度及微微型真核浮游生物丰度均没有明显的相关性,但与蓝细菌及异养细菌丰度呈显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
16.
Christine Dupuy Agathe Talarmin Hans J. Hartmann Daniel Delmas C. Courties Elise Marquis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
In order to investigate the parameters controlling the heterotrophic protists (nano-microzooplankton) on the continental shelf of the southern Bay of Biscay, plankton communities and their physico-chemical environment were studied 4 times in February, April, June and September–October 2004 at three stations in the euphotic zone in the Bay of Biscay. The abundance and carbon biomass of heterotrophic protists (ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates and nanoflagellates) as well as all the others groups of plankton (picoplankton, nanophytoplankton, diatoms, autotrophic dinoflagellates, metazoan microzooplankton and mesozooplankton), the environmental parameters and the primary and bacteria production were evaluated at each sampling period. Microzooplankton grazing experiments were undertaken at the same time. Ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates accounted for the main major component of nano- and microzooplankton communities in term of biomass. The total carbon biomass of heterotrophic protists was highest in spring and lowest at the end of summer. The development of heterotrophic protists started after a winter microphytoplankton bloom (principally large diatoms), the biomass was lower in June and was low in September (through inappropriate prey). The carbon requirement of microzooplankton ranged from 50 to more than 100% of daily primary, bacterial and nanoflagellate production. The heterotrophic protist community was predominantly constrained by bottom-up control in spring and at the end of summer via food availability and quality. 相似文献
17.
拟哲水蚤是莱州湾桡足类中周年出现的优势种;是上层鱼类幼鱼早期开口饵料的重要贡献者;掌握其种群动态分布特点;有利于了解湾内生物环境状况、次级生产力生产水平。基于2011年5月至20 12年4月采集的浮游生物资料的分析结果显示;莱州湾拟哲水蚤的发育期丰度组成和个体大小均表现了明显的季节变化。调查季节中;4-6月以成体居多;其他季节以桡足幼体CⅢ-CⅤ较多;其中10-11月和3月主要由后期桡足幼体CⅣ和CⅤ期构成。成体中以雌体为主导;雌/雄比介于1.46~9.62;该比值在3-4月最低;10-11月最高。拟哲水蚤各期桡足幼体和成体个体大小以4-5月最大、8月最小;并与水温表现出明显的负相关。拟哲水蚤桡足幼体和成体的总生物量月变化与丰度变化相同;即以8月值最高;3-5月值最低;月均值为2.69 mg/m3（以碳计）;日生产力估算值为0.74 mg/（m3·d）（以碳计）。由上述结果;推测莱州湾拟哲水蚤的种群结构周年变化主要可分3个阶段;4-6月是莱州湾拟哲水蚤开始繁殖期;7-8月为种群数量快速增长期;9月之后为种群增长相对停滞期。 相似文献