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1.
中华哲水蚤是中国近海生态系统浮游动物关键种之一。它是莱州湾内唯一成体大于2mm的桡足类优势种,是仔鱼向幼鱼转换过程中重要的饵料来源。本研究基于2011年5月至2012年4月(除12月和翌年1—2月为冰期外)逐月采集的浮游动物样品,进行了莱州湾中华哲水蚤种群中桡足幼体和成体的生态分布分析。结果表明:在所有调查月份中,中华哲水蚤桡足幼体CI—CV和成体都出现了。桡足期个体的总丰度和生物量季节变化呈单峰型,高峰期出现在5—6月。月均生物量为2.91mg C/m~3,丰度为7ind/m~3;日生产力和年生产力估算值分别为0.74mg C/(m~3·d)和266mg C/(m~3·a)。各调查月份中,CIV和CV对总丰度的贡献比例最高;4月和10月以早期桡足幼体CI—CIII居多,8—9月和11月以成体占绝对优势;其他月以后期桡足幼体(CIV和CV)丰度值相对较高。成体中,雌体较多;雌/雄性比值介于0.86—6.46,在11月最高,10月最低。各发育期的前体长月均值在8—9月最低,4月最高;其季节变化与水温呈负相关。丰度分布由莱州湾湾口东侧向湾内逐渐减少;丰度高值区(100ind/m~3)集中出现于5—6月的表层水温介于15—25°C、盐度高于31—32的站位。  相似文献   

2.
左涛  王俊  王秀霞 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(2):327-335
基于2011年5月至2012年4月(12月和翌年1—2月冰期除外)在渤海莱州湾逐月网采的数据资料,进行了莱州湾浮游桡足类胸刺水蚤(Centropages)种类组成、生态分布和生产力估算的研究。结果显示:莱州湾最为常见的胸刺水蚤是腹胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis)和背针胸刺水蚤(C.dorsispinatus)。腹胸刺水蚤主要出现在冬、春季,该种5月丰度最高,月均丰度为435ind./m~3;背针胸刺水蚤主要出现夏、秋季(7—11月),该种9月丰度最高,月均丰度(76ind./m~3)明显低于腹胸刺水蚤相应值。成体中,两种胸刺水蚤的雌/雄比介于1—2。水温较高时,两种胸刺水蚤的桡足幼体和成体的前体长较小。腹胸刺水蚤密集区(100ind./m~3)主要分布于莱州湾湾口外东北侧,该水域水温多低于20°C;而背针胸刺水蚤密集区主要分布于水温介于21—25°C的湾内西侧近岸水域。粗略估算得到腹胸刺水蚤和背针胸刺水蚤桡足幼体和成体的月均生物量值分别为471μg C/m~3和50μg C/m~3,日生产力分别为89μg C/(m~3·d)和15μg C/(m~3·d)。两种胸刺水蚤具有明显季节更替和丰度空间分布互补性。背针胸刺水蚤已取代了2000年以前的优势种瘦尾胸刺水蚤(C.tenuiremis),成为莱州湾夏、秋季主要的胸刺水蚤。  相似文献   

3.
黄海小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)丰度的季节变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张芳  孙松  杨波  吉鹏 《海洋与湖沼》2006,37(4):322-329
根据2001年3、5、6、7、8、11月黄海6个航次的大容量采水器(59L)中浮游动物的样品资料,对小拟哲水蚤无节幼体及该种桡足幼体和成体丰度的时空分布格局进行了研究。结果表明,小拟哲水蚤桡足幼体和成体3月份在整个黄海测区内的丰度较低;5月份除山东半岛南岸三个高值站位,外海相对比近岸高;6、7月份的丰度水平最高,7月份航次中,丰度最高的站位可达10555ind/m3,整个测区内,海州湾内侧高于外侧;8月份,测区内的丰度分布相对均匀,丰度较低;11月份,测区小拟哲水蚤的分布相对也比较均匀。小拟哲水蚤无节幼体的丰度在黄海测区内的分布格局与该种桡足幼体及成体丰度的分布格局在3、5、6、7月份比较吻合,在8、11月份吻合程度较差。不同月份小拟哲水蚤的分布与温度、盐度、叶绿素a的关系不尽相同;其受温度的影响相对较大,受盐度、叶绿素a影响较小。  相似文献   

4.
小型桡足类在海洋生态系统中的功能作用   总被引:32,自引:10,他引:32  
王荣  张鸿雁  王克  左涛 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(5):453-460
依据渤海周年的中型浮游动物网样品 ,研究了小型桡足类的优势种小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanusparvus)、强额拟哲水蚤 (Paracalanuscrassirostris)和双刺纺锤水蚤 (Acartiabifilosa)生物量的季节变动、分布和年产量 ,并与渤海大型桡足类的优势种中华哲水蚤 (Calanussinicus)进行了比较。结果表明 ,三种小型桡足类成体的年产量分别为 2 4 .89、1 0 .83和 1 9.5 4mgC/(m3·a) ,中华哲水蚤的年产量为 1 8.30mgC/(m3·a)。小型桡足类主要分布在近岸 ,特别是渤海湾和莱州湾 ,这里正好是许多经济鱼类的产卵场和育幼场 ;而中华哲水蚤主要分布在中央水域。小型桡足类的高峰季节持续时间长 ,从 4月到 1 0月 ,覆盖了几乎所有仔稚鱼大量出现的月份 ;而中华哲水蚤高峰季节持续时间短 ,仅 6月和 7月。另外 ,在粒度上 ,小型桡足类的卵、无节幼体、桡足幼体和成体都比中华哲水蚤等大型桡足类小了一个数量级 (按体积计 ) ,特别适合作为仔稚鱼的饵料。因此认为 ,在近海生态系统中 ,小型桡足类较之大型桡足类起更为重要的作用  相似文献   

5.
2002-05-20-26在东海进行小尺度船基浮游生物生态系围隔实验,研究浮游动物的群落结构、组成与环境之间的关系,探讨了优势种群的自然繁殖发育期。结果表明,浮游动物的种类组成较简单,优势种明显。浮游动物生物量、丰度及优势种群丰度三者的变化呈逐渐增加趋势。在实验期的1~5d,小拟哲水蚤的无节幼虫和早期幼体占绝对优势,该自然种群的丰度不断增加;随时间推移,无节幼虫逐渐发育为桡足幼体,而后又逐渐发育为成体。因此,本次实验期是实验海区优势种小拟哲水蚤种群的自然繁殖发育盛期。  相似文献   

6.
张光涛  孙松 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(2):196-202
1998年12月-1999年1月在南极普里兹湾采用现场培养的方法对大、中型桡足类优势种尖角似哲水蚤(Calanoides acutus)、戈氏长腹水蚤(Metridia gerlachei)和巨锚哲水蚤(Rhincalanus gigas)进行了实验研究,同时根据浮游动物垂直拖网的样品分析了它们的种群结构。结果表明,在实验中,C.acutus和M.gerlachei的平均产卵量分别为13.3(5-49)和5(4-12)个/雌/天;R.gigas没有产卵。随后对获得的卵进行连续观察,所有的卵均没有孵化。通过标本分析发现,C.acutus夏季的种群结构为双峰态,尤其是陆冰缘站,新生个体主要是CI期桡足幼体,而越冬个体包括CIV、CV和雌性成体。R.gigas的种群结构特征不明显,新生个体为12月末发现的大量集中分布的无节幼体。M.gerlachei表现出和C.acutus相似的丰度分布特性,但其种群结构主要是成体和晚期幼体。  相似文献   

7.
采用气相色谱法对秋季黄海颗粒悬浮物和中华哲水蚤的脂肪酸组成及其指示作用进行了研究。结果表明,黄海表层海水中硅藻所占比例要大于甲藻。硅藻在黄海南部浮游植物中所占比重高于黄海北部,甲藻在黄海南北部的差别不大。从脂肪酸组成来看,中华哲水蚤雌体、雄体和桡足幼体都摄食硅藻和甲藻,雌体和雄体摄食的硅藻远多于甲藻,而桡足幼体摄食的甲藻则比雌体和雄体多。雄体和桡足幼体植食性的程度高于雌体,而雌体则可能由于繁殖活动的需要,还摄食了原生动物等其它一些营养丰富的食物。对冷水团内外中华哲水蚤脂肪酸组成研究发现,桡足幼体比雌体积累了更多的脂肪酸以满足度夏过程中的能量需求和后期繁殖的需要。  相似文献   

8.
根据2013/2014年夏季在南极南设得兰群岛周边海域使用北太平洋网采样品及同步环境调查资料,分析了南极大磷虾(Euphausia superba)、拟长臂樱磷虾(Thysanoessa macrura)、尖角似哲水蚤(Calanoides acutus)和近缘哲水蚤(Calanus propinquus)这四种优势浮游动物的丰度和分布特征。结果表明,南极大磷虾和拟长臂樱磷虾在南设得兰海域均有较为广泛的分布,其中南极大磷虾丰度较高,且它们的水平分布存在一定程度的空间分离。在研究海域东部的南奥克尼群岛(South Orkneys)邻近海域发现了大量的南极大磷虾原蚤状C期幼体,表明大磷虾曾于1月中上旬左右产卵繁殖。研究海域的东部南极大磷虾种群结构以幼体前期为主,而西部的种群结构则以幼体后期、未成体和成体为主。尖角似哲水蚤和近缘哲水蚤的空间分布也较为广泛,且两者分布基本一致。东部南奥克尼群岛临近海域的浮游植物浓度较低,这可能是大量南极大磷虾幼体和桡足类摄食活动的结果。  相似文献   

9.
在北冰洋的高纬度海区,陆坡—海盆之间的交换对极北哲水蚤(Calanus hyperboreus)的种群补充具有非常重要的意义。为了研究极北哲水蚤在西北冰洋种群补充的地理差异,我们利用2003年夏季所采集的样品,分析了该物种的丰度、种群结构和体长分布。从总丰度的地理分布来看,极北哲水蚤主要分布在楚科奇海与楚科奇深海平原之间的陆坡区(CS-slope),而在水深较浅的楚科奇海并没有记录。在CS-slope区域,极北哲水蚤的总丰度在1 110.0—5 815.0个/m3之间,而其他海区的总丰度在40.0—950.0个/m3之间。从不同的发育期分布上来看,早期幼体(CI-CIV)在CS-slope区域占优势,而CV期幼体和成体在深水海盆区占优势。从体长的地理分布上来看,差异最为明显的是CⅢ期幼体,其在CS-slope区域的前体长在2.48—2.61 mm之间,而在其他海区的前体长在2.16—2.37 mm之间。与环境因子相关性的分析结果显示,早期幼体(CI-CIV)的丰度与叶绿素a的浓度呈正相关关系,而CV期幼体和成体却与叶绿素a的浓度呈负相关关系。我们的结果表明,极北哲水蚤可以通过加快第一个生长季节的发育速度而受益于初级生产力的增加,并且高生产力的CS-slope区域是陆坡-海盆之间种群补充的潜在来源。  相似文献   

10.
采用实验生态学的方法,以半数致死浓度LD50为依据,比较研究指状许水蚤(Schmackeria inopinus Burckhardt,1913)和太平洋真宽水蚤(Eurytemora pacifica Sato,1913)对UV-B辐射增强的敏感性差异。结果表明,3个发育阶段对UV-B辐射增强的敏感性由高到低依次排序为无节幼体桡足幼体成体。而雄体成体比雌性成体敏感。2种海洋桡足类比较,太平洋真宽水蚤和指状许水蚤对UV-B辐射增强的敏感性同样存有差异。在整个发育过程的各个时期,太平洋真宽水蚤的敏感性都明显高于指状许水蚤。纵观整个发育过程,太平洋真宽水蚤对UV-B辐射增强最敏感的时期是无节幼体NⅥ和桡足幼体CⅠ,而指状许水蚤对UV-B辐射增强最敏感性时期为无节幼体的NⅣ和NⅤ。  相似文献   

11.
The spatial distribution of stage-specific abundance and reproduction of the copepod Paracalanus parvus were studied from October 2005 to September 2006 in the Jiaozhou Bay. This copepod occurred continuously in this bay throughout the year. The species reached the lowest abundance in April and peaked in June. From October to December, distribution center mainly occurred in offshore water and at the mouth of the bay. In winter, early copepodites and adults gradually decreased and till February, most of the population was only comprised of CIV–CV stages. Overwintering copepodites matured in March and males tended to mature before female. From May to September, each stage occurred in the population and gradually reached high abundance. Temperature and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration in the three stations can't clearly explain the seasonal variation in stage-specific abundance, so we surmised the important effect of the Yellow Sea. Egg production rate (EPR) reached its lowest in winter and peaked in June at 60.8 eggs female−1 day−1 in nearshore water. In the warming period, EPR in nearshore water was statistically higher and EPR > 10 eggs female−1 day−1 lasted longer than that in offshore water, showing the importance of nearshore water for recruitment of P. parvus. Our study showed that EPR was positively related to temperature and total chlorophyll a in offshore water and mouth of the bay. In nearshore water, the relationships between EPR and temperature and Chl-a in three size fractions were not the same as those in offshore water, suggesting complicated ecosystem in such a eutrophic area in warming period.  相似文献   

12.
2018年6月渤海大型水母分布特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
2018年6月使用渔业底拖网采样,对渤海大型水母进行了全面调查,调查船舶为"中渔科102"渔业科考船。本研究分析了渤海大型水母的种类组成、渔获密度与伞径大小,并对其源地进行了探讨。结果表明:本次调查共采集到海月水母、沙海蜇、海蜇、多管水母四种大型水母,其中海蜇、多管水母数量较少,各采集到一只。海月水母在渤海三湾均有分布,各海区伞径大小无显著差异且多为幼体(<10cm),密度高值区出现在渤海湾东南侧海域,可达38-221.21ind./(net·h),辽东湾海月水母出现于湾南,密度<5ind./(net·h),湾北未见;作者推测,海月水母在渤海沿岸可能存在多个源头,诸如:莱州湾与渤海湾交界近岸海域、河北近岸、辽东湾大连近岸以及北部近岸。沙海蜇在渤海分布较广,辽东湾为密度高值区,均值为(35.32±21.64)ind./(net·h),但伞径较小,均值为(12.15±6.52)cm;与此相对,渤海湾与莱州湾外侧海域沙海蜇密度虽小[<20ind./(net·h)],但伞径要显著大于辽东湾,最大伞径均值可达(33.86±7.40)cm;作者推测,沙海蜇在渤海海域发源地主要集中于辽东湾近岸,渤海湾与莱州湾,外海出现的沙海蜇可能源于辽东湾,随海流运输至此。海月水母、沙海蜇在渤海发生时间要晚于黄、东海。本研究结果可为深入分析渤海大型水母的种群动态变化、暴发机理提供基础。  相似文献   

13.
本文根据1982年4月至1983年5月在大连湾周年生态调查中获得的资料,分析了大连湾浮游桡足类的数量分布和季节变化。结果表明,大连湾共有浮游桡足类22种,其中优势种大网为中华哲水蚤Calanussinicus;中网为小拟哲水蚤Parucalanusparvus、拟长腹剑水蚤Oithonasimilis、短角长腹剑水蚤Oithonabrevicornis。桡足类总量年高峰,大、中同各有2次,最高峰分别为2月和8月。本文还讨论了几种环境因素对浮游桡足类分布的影响。  相似文献   

14.
1996年6~10月对大李家湾贝类筏式养殖区内、外浮游动物进行了生态调查研究。结果表明,浮游动物种类组成以小型挠足类为主。浮游动物数量在养殖区内、外具有相同的分布趋势,7月最高,9月次之,10月最低。浮游动物在养殖区外的数量明显高于养殖区内,前者是后者的1.6~2.3倍。优势种小拟哲水蚤和鸟喙尖头氵蚤数量分布明显反映出浮游动物数量分布特征,而近缘大眼剑水蚤在养殖区内、外的数量则差异不大。  相似文献   

15.
乐清湾大型底栖动物群落及其与环境因子之间的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解和掌握乐清湾大型底栖动物群落及其与环境因子的相关性,于2015年1月、3月、5月、8月和10月开展了5个航次的大型底栖动物和环境因子的调查。结果表明,1月、3月和5月3个月份的群落结构和空间分布均较为接近,优势群落的主要特征种为薄云母蛤和不倒翁虫;8月和10月的优势群落不明显,主要群落特征种有不倒翁虫、双形拟单指虫、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕、小头虫、中蚓虫属一种等。丰度/生物量曲线(ABC曲线)分析表明5月的群落结构较稳定,1月、3月、8月和10月均处于不同程度的扰动状态,其中8月的受扰动程度最大。BVSTEP分析表明亚硝酸盐是乐清湾大型底栖动物群落各月份差异的主要环境驱动因子,盐度和氨氮分别是影响乐清湾3月和5月大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子。典范对应分析(CCA)表明水温对乐清湾大型底栖群落特征种时空分布影响最大,其次是盐度、溶解氧、含氮营养盐和pH等。通过CCA排序图发现大部分群落特征种分布在含氮营养盐较低的水域,表明高浓度的含氮营养盐已经对乐清湾的大型底栖动物产生了负面影响。  相似文献   

16.
We studied the characteristics of the phosphatase activity (Km and Vmax) in total seawater and in particulate material of the three main plankton classes (0.25-5, 5-90 and >90 microm) in a coastal marine ecosystem of Toulon Bay (French Mediterranean Sea). The measurement of the hydrolysis of sodium paranitrophenylphosphate (pNPP), a substrate of phosphatase, revealed low and high affinity components in unfiltered seawater and in particulate matter. In unfiltered seawater, the low affinity activity was predominant from October to March during phytoplankton development. The high affinity activity dominated from April to June and was significantly correlated with the bacterial abundances. The phosphatase behaviour in the particulate material differs from that in the unfiltered seawater. The activity of the three particulate classes was generally much lower than that of unfiltered seawater, particularly the low affinity activity. The >90 microm size fraction consisted in greater part of zooplankton. In this size class, the activity (nmol l(-1) h(-1)) of the low affinity component was predominant from May to August, when the abundance of the larvae of copepods (copepodites) was highest. Its high specific activity (Activity/Protein concentration as nmol l(-1) h(-1) microg(-1)) was particularly elevated during this period. The 5-90 microm fraction consisted of phytoplankton cells, especially Dinoflagellates. Between September and January, the activity (nmol l(-1) h(-1)) of this size class was mostly supported by the low affinity component. The specific activity (nmol l(-1) h(-1) microg(-1)) of the high affinity component was highest in June and August. No significant correlation was found between phosphatase activities and chlorophyll a or total cell abundance. In return temporary relationships with specific taxa exist in particular with Ceratium spp., Gymnodinium spp. and Protoperidinium spp. The contribution of the 0.25-5 microm size class exceeded rarely 20% of the total particulate activity. Between June and August, high specific activities (nmol l(-1) h(-1) microg(-1)) were observed for its high affinity component. In autumn, strong rainfall increased the phosphate and nitrate concentrations and led to a drop in salinity, which probably explains the low phosphatase activities (nmol l(-1) h(-1)) and cell densities observed during this period.  相似文献   

17.
Ariake Bay, Kyushu Island, has recently exhibited environmental degradation in the form of red tides and anoxic bottom water. To determine the characteristics and regional classification of the copepod community, zooplankton surveys were made throughout the bay in three cruises each in October 2004, January 2005 and March 2009 by vertical tows of a 0.1-mm-mesh plankton net. Oithona davisae was the most abundant in January and March, and Microsetella norvegica in October. Cluster analysis revealed that the copepod community from each cruise was generally separated into the inner to eastern-middle region and the western-middle to mouth region. A SIMPER analysis revealed that dissimilarity between the groups and similarity within each group were mainly due to the dominant species, but the similarities within the outer-region group in January and March were mostly contributed by Paracalanus parvus s.l. A non-metric multidimensional scaling with bubble plots of environmental variables and a BIOENV analysis showed that transparency was more different between the two groups than temperature and salinity. As compared with two similarly sized, eutrophic bays (Tokyo and Osaka Bays), Ariake Bay differs from Tokyo Bay in the dominance of M. norvegica and from Osaka Bay in the high abundance of O. davisae even in the colder season. The dominant species and the regional classification of the copepod community in the bay were similar to those in the studies in the 1970s, suggesting that the copepod community has not notably changed during the last 3 decades.  相似文献   

18.
2001—2002年粤东柘林湾浮游动物的生态学研究   总被引:25,自引:3,他引:25  
2001年4月-2002年4月,利用生态学方法对粤东柘林湾浮游动物进行的周年调查结果表明,粤东柘林湾浮游动物有桡足类34属60种,枝角类3属3种,及端足类、磷虾、糠虾、多毛类、毛颚类、被囊类、水母和各种浮游幼体虫.浮游动物的群落构成小型化趋势明显,因为体长不足0.6 mm的小型优势种强额拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus crassirostris)、短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis)和鸟喙尖头(氵蚤)(Penilia avirostris)在浮游动物总个体数中所占比例合计高达57.1 %.浮游动物的种类数、总个体数和生物量的平面分布模式大体相似,即湾外大于湾内,外侧大于内侧,东部大于西部.总个体数与生物量的周年变化曲线与水温的变化趋势非常相似,高峰位于高温季节的8-9月,低谷位于冬季2月.调查期间柘林湾浮游动物非常丰富,年均总个体数达15.8×103 ind/m3,生物量达227.8mg*dW/m3.在单一调查年度内,浮游动物丰度与水温、浮游植物细胞数呈显著正相关关系.在不同年份,浮游动物丰度与浮游植物密度则表现为负相关的趋势.  相似文献   

19.
Surveys of the distribution, abundance and size of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi were carried out in Narragansett Bay, R.I. over a 5-year period, 1975–1979. Yearly variations were observed in time of initiation of the ctenophore increase and maximum abundance. Biomass maxima ranged from 0·2 to 3 g dry weight m?3 at Station 2 in lower Narragansett Bay while maximum abundance varied from 20 to 100 animals m?3. Ctenophores less than 1 cm in length generally composed up to 50% of the biomass and 95% of the numerical abundance during the peak of the M. leidyi pulse. During the 1978 maxima and the declining stages of the pulse each year, 100% of the population was composed of small animals. M. leidyi populations increased earlier, reached greater maximum abundances, and were more highly dominated by small animals in the upper bay than toward the mouth of the bay. The averageclearance rate of M. leidyi larvae feeding on A. tonsa at 22°C was 0·36 l mg?1 dry weight day?1, with apparent selection for nauplii relative to copepodites. Predation and excretion rates applied to ctenophore biomass estimated for Narragansett Bay indicated that M. leidyi excretion is minor but predation removed a bay-wide mean of 20% of the zooplankton standing stock daily during August of 1975 and 1976. Variation in M. leidyi predation at Station 2 was inversely related to mean zooplankton biomass during August and September, which increased 4-fold during the 5-year period.  相似文献   

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