Estimating biomass of phytoplankton in the Jiaozhou Bay I. Phytoplankton biomass estimated from cell volume and plasma volume   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Sun Jun  Liu Dengyan  Qian Shuben 《海洋学报(英文版)》2000,(2)

I~IOXPhytoplankton is the doAnnant primary producer O'f the pelagic realm, converting inorganicmaterials (e. g., nitrate, phosphate) into new organic compounds (e. g., proteins, lipids) by theprocess of photosynthesis and thereby starting the marine food chain (Lalli and Parsons, 1993).Historically, phytoplankton abundance has primarily been measured and expressed as cellnumbers based on enumeration of the phytoplankton in an aliquot of the sample. Such measurements have established four ba…  相似文献   

综述:对虾弧菌病及其免疫预防的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡超群  陶保华 《热带海洋学报》2000,19(3):84-94

弧菌病是影响对虾养殖业最为常见、危害较重的一类疾病。其症状一般为红腿、黄鳃、烂尾、烂眼、甲壳溃疡、肌肉白浊等 ,常伴有败血症。副溶血弧菌Vibriopara haemolyticus是人们发现最早的对虾病原弧菌 ,随后溶藻弧菌V .alginolyticus,鳗弧菌V .anguillarum ,哈维氏弧菌V .harveyi,创伤弧菌V .vulnificus等十多种致病弧菌陆续被发现 ,但其致病机理仍未查清。多年来弧菌病主要采用抗生素治疗 ,但抗生素治疗带来一系列严重后果 ,主要是产生耐药菌株 ,造成水体污染 ,破坏虾体免疫力 ,因此探索新的治疗途径势在必行。以提高虾体自身免疫力的免疫预防研究是当前研究的热点之一 ,它以无毒无副作用 ,不会造成环境污染等优点而显示出广阔的前景。弧菌疫苗的研制已获初步成功 ,疫苗有灭活疫苗和减毒疫苗两种。免疫方式有浸泡、口服、注射和喷雾等 ,注射方式效果最佳但费时费力且易损伤虾体 ,浸泡疫苗需要量大 ,故探索一条好的免疫方式是当前工作的重点。要进行对虾的免疫预防研究 ,必须了解对虾的免疫机制 ,一般认为虾类的免疫主要以非特异性免疫为主 ,血细胞和酚氧化酶系统在其中起着重要作用。对弧菌病的病原、病理、诊断、对虾的免疫机制及免疫预防等方面的研究进展及趋势作一回顾  相似文献   

饵料维生素C对青石斑鱼的非特异性免疫调节作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

秦启伟  吴灶和  周永灿  潘金培 《热带海洋学报》2000,19(1)

调查了饵料维生素C对青石斑鱼Epinephelusawoara非特异性的体液和细胞免疫调节作用。在冰冻饵料小杂鱼中添加不同剂量的维生素C(每公斤饵料鱼含量分别为 0 ,50 0 ,1 0 0 0 ,1 50 0和 2 0 0 0mg) ,连续投喂青石斑鱼 2 0周后 ,青石斑鱼血液白细胞总数及不同种类白细胞 (包括淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和单核细胞 )组成比例不受饵料维生素C的影响。青石斑鱼血清补体经典型溶解羊红细胞的能力随饵料维生素C添加量的提高而显著增强 (p<0 .0 1 )。然而 ,维生素C对血清的杀菌活性没有作用。鱼体非特异性的细胞免疫活动 (包括血液白细胞和头肾细胞的吞噬活动 )也不受维生素C的影响  相似文献   

中国松辽盆地构造环境及东北地区地震活动特征分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

高立新 《地震》2008,28(4):59-67

对松辽盆地的构造环境、 演化历史和盆地的成因机制进行了分析, 认为松辽盆地主要是在中国东北前中生代这一特殊的大地构造背景下由简单剪切作用形成的, 根据中浅层构造和地层特点, 可将松辽盆地划分为6个一级构造单元和31个二级构造单元。 在此基础上, 对东北地区中强浅源地震进行了期幕分析, 结果表明东北地区浅源地震具有20年活动的周期特征, 1900年以来可以分为5个活动期, 目前正处于第5个活动期的末期(1999—2010年), 未来几年东北地区仍有可能发生1～2次中强地震。 根据地震活动特点和松辽盆地内部中强地震成对特征, 位于内蒙古呼伦贝尔及邻区将是可能的发震区域。  相似文献   

Element partitioning between magnesium silicate perovskite and ferropericlase: New insights into bulk lower-mantle geochemistry     

Anne-Line Auzende  James Badro  Frederick J. Ryerson  Peter K. Weber  Stewart J. Fallon  Ahmed Addad  Julien Siebert  Guillaume Fiquet   《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,269(1-2):164-174

In this study, we investigated iron–magnesium exchange and transition-metal trace-element partitioning between magnesium silicate perovskite (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ and ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O synthetised under lower-mantle conditions (up to 115 GPa and 2200 K) in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Recovered samples were thinned to electron transparency by focused ion beam and characterized by analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) and nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy (nanoSIMS). Iron concentrations in both phases were obtained from X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements and nanoSIMS. Our results are the first to show that recently reported spin-state and phase transitions in the lower mantle directly affect the evolution of Fe–Mg exchange between both phases. Mg-perovskite becomes increasingly iron-depleted above 70–80 GPa possibly due to the high spin–low spin transition of iron in ferropericlase. Conversely, the perovskite to post-perovskite transition is accompanied by a strong iron enrichment of the silicate phase, ferropericlase remaining in the Fe-rich phase though. Nanoparticles of metallic iron were observed in the perovskite-bearing runs, suggesting the disproportionation of ferrous iron oxide, but were not observed when the post-perovskite phase was present. Implications on the oxidation state of the Earth and core segregation will be discussed. Transition trace-element (Ni, Mn) concentrations (determined with the nanoSIMS) show similar trends and could thus be used to trace the origin of diamonds generated at depth. This study provides new results likely to improve the geochemical and geophysical models of the Earth's deep interiors.  相似文献   

The equation of state of CaSiO₃ perovskite to 108 GPa at 300 K     

Sang-Heon Shim  Thomas S. Duffy  Guoyin Shen 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2000,120(4):327-338

Pressure–volume measurements have been performed for CaSiO₃ perovskite to 108 GPa at 300 K using NaCl and argon pressure-transmitting media, and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXD) in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC). By determining a parameter that is the product of the elastic anisotropy, S, and the uniaxial stress component, t, for each data point, we define the stress condition of the sample. For different points at the same pressure in a temperature-quenched sample, the St value can differ by as much as a factor of 5, indicating heterogeneity in the stress condition. This may be responsible for the large scatter of earlier P–V measurements in the DAC which in general used a large diameter X-ray beam. Also, the St value provides insight into the elastic anisotropy, S, of CaSiO₃ perovskite and platinum. The sign of S (positive) for CaSiO₃ perovskite agrees with first principles calculations but the magnitude may be inconsistent. A new compression curve at 300 K was obtained for CaSiO₃ perovskite by using those data points which represent the most nearly hydrostatic conditions. It is observed that the data points with high St values yield larger volumes than the points with small St values at a given pressure. By selecting the data points having low St values (St≤0.005), combining with lower pressure large volume press (LVP) measurements and fitting to third order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (EOS), we find that CaSiO₃ perovskite is more compressible (V₀=45.58±0.05 ų, K_T0=236±4 GPa, and K_T0′=3.9±0.2 GPa) than suggested by previous studies. The density and bulk modulus of CaSiO₃ perovskite at lower mantle pressures and 300 K are 1–3% greater and 5–15% smaller, respectively, than found in previous studies. This study demonstrates that defining the stress state of the sample is crucial to obtain an accurate 300 K compression curve for unquenchable high-pressure phases.  相似文献   

浮游植物生物量研究Ⅱ.胶州湾网采浮游植物细胞体积转换生物量   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

孙军  刘东艳  钱树本 《海洋学报》2000,22(1):102-109

基于浮游植物细胞体积转换法获得的胶州湾浮游植物细胞生物量,计算了胶州湾水体中同采浮游植物生物量,并与浮游植物细胞计数结果进行了周年变化的比较和优势种分析。研究结果表明,调查期内,浮游植物细胞数量出现两次高峰(主峰1月份,次峰9月份),转换生物量仅出现一次高峰(8月份);优势种分析表明,上述峰值期的不同,与浮游植物群落结构及不同种群细胞的个体大小密切相关。浮游植物细胞体积转换生物量不仅能较客观地反映浮游植物现存量,又能从群落、种群结构角度解释能量分布及不同种群对浮游植物生物量的各自贡献。  相似文献   

沙地春玉米叶片水势与土壤水肥关系的研究     

崔建垣  周海燕  张铜会 《中国沙漠》2000,20(Z1):64-65

通过鉴定二次回归旋转正交组合设计试验,获得沙地春玉米拔节期叶片水势(Y)与土壤相对含水量(X₁)和尿素施用量(X₂)之间的关系方程:Y=-1.35+0.06X₁-0.02X₂+0.05X₁X₂+0.05X₁²+0.09X₂²。玉米拔节期的叶片水势受土壤含水量的影响远大于受施肥量的影响;当土壤相对含水量为74%、尿素施用为59g·m^-2时,玉米拔节期的叶片水势最高。  相似文献   

颗粒材料剪胀性的微观力学分析     

秦建敏  迟璐璐 《岩土力学》2013,34(5):1508-1514

剪胀性是颗粒材料在加载过程中表现出来的重要变形特性。以孔隙胞元描述颗粒材料内部结构的最小单元,通过对单个孔隙胞元进行剪切受力分析,探讨了剪切过程中颗粒材料体积的改变对应力比和单个孔隙胞元形状的依赖关系,解释了排列密实的颗粒材料在剪切过程中先压缩后剪胀的微观机制。用离散元数值模拟得到了在双轴剪切过程中单个孔隙胞元形状以及孔隙胞元体积变形的演化过程。离散元数值结果表明,加载过程中孔隙胞元形状由初始各向同性到沿大主应力方向变大变长、体积变形先压缩后膨胀,并且体积变形在加载过程中存在局部化现象,体积变化大的孔隙胞元在较大变形时,排列成倾斜的窄带。综合孔隙胞元的受力分析和离散元数值结果表明,致密排列颗粒材料的剪胀性与微观尺度上孔隙胞元的几何结构及其内部的力链传递方式密切相关。  相似文献   

应用切割单元法对海底管道局部冲刷数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈兵  张桦 《海洋工程》2012,30(1):66-74

采用SIMPLEC算法的有限体积法,求解非定常流动的N-S方程,采用k-ω紊流模型,通过模拟均匀无粘性推移质的冲刷和淤积,得到海底管道由搁置在海床上的状态变为悬跨状态这一过程的管道周围局部海床冲刷情况,建立了海底管道局部冲刷的二维数值模型。海底管道从搁置在底床上到冲刷悬空的过程中,管道周围的空间产生了拓扑变化,这给采用贴体网格并在计算过程中进行网格重构的传统方法带来了很大困难,而采用切割单元法,把物体轮廓从静止的背景直角坐标结构化网格中切割出去,计算过程中不需要传统意义的网格重构过程。数值模型预测的海底管道周围局部冲刷结果与Mao的物理模型实验实测结果及Liang和Cheng等的数值模拟结果符合较好,验证了模型的准确性。  相似文献