A ground motion selection procedure for enforcing hazard consistency and estimating seismic demand hazard curves          下载免费PDF全文

N. Simon Kwong  Anil K. Chopra  Robin K. McGuire 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(14):2467-2487

This paper develops a procedure to select unscaled ground motions for estimating seismic demand hazard curves (SDHCs) in performance‐based earthquake engineering. Currently, SDHCs are estimated from a probabilistic seismic demand analysis, where several ensembles of ground motions are selected and scaled to a user‐specified scalar conditioning intensity measure (IM). In contrast, the procedure developed herein provides a way to select a single ensemble of unscaled ground motions for estimating the SDHC. In the context of unscaled motions, the proposed procedure requires three inputs: (i) database of unscaled ground motions, (ii) I M , the vector of IMs for selecting ground motions, and (iii) sample size, n; in the context of scaled motions, two additional inputs are needed: (i) a maximum acceptable scale factor, SF_max, and (ii) a target fraction of scaled ground motions, γ. Using a recently developed approach for evaluating ground motion selection and modification procedures, the proposed procedure is evaluated for a variety of inputs and is demonstrated to provide accurate estimates of the SDHC when the vector of IMs chosen to select ground motions is sufficient for the response quantity of interest. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal     

Ripu M. KUNWAR  Laxmi MAHAT  Lila N. SHARMA  Keshab P. SHRESTHA  Hiroo KOMINEE  Rainer W. BUSSMANN 《山地科学学报》2012,9(5):589-600

Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal crops is least feasible and health care is pursued indigenously. Research and promotion of extraction, utilization, and conservation of underutilized species lead to exploration of new staple crops and motivate people to consume in a sustainable manner. The present study describes the current status, uses, and management of underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal. The relative importance of 49 underutilized plant species was computed employing a Relative Importance (RI) technique. The use-values assigned to the species fall into six use-categories: beverage, fodder, food & edible, medicinal, vegetable and veterinary. A total of 22 species appeared in multiple use-categories, while the rest were characterized by a single use-category. Based on relative importance and frequency, Ficus semicordata, Debregesia longifolia, Girardinea diversifolia, Hydrocotyle nepalensis, Garuga pinnata, Aloe vera and Pyrus pashia offer the most potential for future. Underutilized plants proved important to folk medicine and food. These species persist because they remain useful to local people as means of subsistence, production, and primary health care. The findings are important so far as they point up the role of underutilized plants in national food security policy and health care, spelling out their potentialities and cross cutting relationships.  相似文献   

基于时间阻抗函数的路网可达性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张生瑞  王超深  徐景翠 《地理科学进展》2008,27(4):117-121

阐述了可达性的概念和在不同学科的应用范围,分析了可达性的影响因素,总结了现阶段在几何拓扑学上 常用的可达性量化方法,指出重力模型法、距离法、累计机会法的使用条件和不足。在这一基础上,发现现存的问题 主要是局限于空间尺度的量化不能准确地反应空间网络的联系程度,针对此问题,提出了基于时间阻抗函数的量 化模型,以实际交通量作为主变量,能间接地反应空间需求强度。随后引入了节点重要度的概念,能更加直接地反 映路网节点上社会、经济、交通等因素对可达性的影响,能很好地弥补时空法和效用法的不足。  相似文献   

Importance Sampling Method in V-Space   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jin Weiliang Professor 《中国海洋工程》1997,(2)

Based on the observation of importance sampling and second order information about the fail-ure surface of a structure,an importance sampling region is defined in V-space which is obtained by ro-tating a U-space at the point of maximum likelihood.The sampling region is a hyper-ellipsoid that con-sists of the sampling ellipse on each plane of main curvature in V-space.Thus,the sampling probabilitydensity function can be constructed by the sampling region center and ellipsoid axes.Several exampleshave shown the efficiency and generality of this method.  相似文献   

Landslide susceptibility mapping using machine learning algorithms and comparison of their performance at Abha Basin,Asir Region,Saudi Arabia     

Ahmed Mohamed Youssef  Hamid Reza Pourghasemi 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(2):639-655

The current study aimed at evaluating the capabilities of seven advanced machine learning techniques(MLTs),including,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline(MARS),Artificial Neural Network(ANN),Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA),Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA),and Naive Bayes(NB),for landslide susceptibility modeling and comparison of their performances.Coupling machine learning algorithms with spatial data types for landslide susceptibility mapping is a vitally important issue.This study was carried out using GIS and R open source software at Abha Basin,Asir Region,Saudi Arabia.First,a total of 243 landslide locations were identified at Abha Basin to prepare the landslide inventory map using different data sources.All the landslide areas were randomly separated into two groups with a ratio of 70%for training and 30%for validating purposes.Twelve landslide-variables were generated for landslide susceptibility modeling,which include altitude,lithology,distance to faults,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),landuse/landcover(LULC),distance to roads,slope angle,distance to streams,profile curvature,plan curvature,slope length(LS),and slope-aspect.The area under curve(AUC-ROC)approach has been applied to evaluate,validate,and compare the MLTs performance.The results indicated that AUC values for seven MLTs range from 89.0%for QDA to 95.1%for RF.Our findings showed that the RF(AUC=95.1%)and LDA(AUC=941.7%)have produced the best performances in comparison to other MLTs.The outcome of this study and the landslide susceptibility maps would be useful for environmental protection.  相似文献   

Machine learning-based identification for the main influencing factors of alluvial fan development in the Lhasa River Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

Chen  Tongde  Wei  Wei  Jiao  Juying  Zhang  Ziqi  Li  Jianjun 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(8):1557-1580

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Alluvial fans are an important land resource in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with the expansion of human activities. However, the factors of alluvial fan development...  相似文献   

大辽河流域水生态系统功能区划研究     

马冰然  马安青  陈爽  李正炎  王志凯 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(4):93-99

为了明确大辽河流域范围内主要的生态环境问题、生态环境脆弱区和对流域生态安全非常重要的区域,根据流域湿地景观格局的变化及驱动机制分析、流域生态环境敏感性评价和水生态系统服务功能重要性评价,运用定性分区与定量分区相结合的方法和自下而上的划分方法得到大辽河流域水生态系统功能分区图,将大辽河流域划分成5个一级区和13个生态亚区。按照"水体类型+干扰类型+功能类型"对每个生态功能区进行命名,明确了每一个生态功能区的特征,为大辽河流域产业布局、生态环境保护与规划建设提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)核酸适配体筛选中高频序列的进化多样性研究     

许净  刘慧敏  林筱钧  郑江  江兴龙  鄢庆枇  范云庭  汤学敏 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(5):1315-1322

核酸适配体是采用分子进化技术从随机寡核苷酸文库中筛选得到的对靶目标有较高亲和力的寡核苷酸序列。研究核酸适配体筛选过程中高频序列的进化多样性,对于提高筛选效率,掌握核酸适配体的进化规律具有重要意义。利用Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Berger-Parker优势度指数,研究了鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)核酸适配体筛选产物中高频序列的进化多样性,结果表明,随着筛选进行,高频序列的种类数、丰富度、多样性、优势度和均匀度在前六轮都呈现较为剧烈的波动,之后种类数、丰富度、多样性、优势度呈现逐步增加的趋势,而均匀度则呈逐步下降的趋势,说明竞争力强的序列在筛选竞争中逐渐占据优势,其种类数量不断增加;利用相对重要性指数(IRI)对高频序列进行了计算分析,根据IRI值可将高频序列分为5类:优势序列,重要序列,常见序列,一般序列和少见序列,其中前三种序列是筛选进化中的相对优势种群;最后对IRI较高的7种核酸适配体进行了二级结构预测,结果显示其二级结构中存在着大小、数量不等的环状结构,这些环的大小数量可能与其结合位点相关。相关研究结果对于鳗弧菌的病害防控及核酸适配体的筛选都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

基于独立成分分析和随机森林算法的城镇用地提取研究     

蒲东川  王桂周  张兆明  牛雪峰  何国金  龙腾飞  尹然宇  江威  孙嘉悦 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(8):1597-1606

城镇用地信息是联合国2030年可持续发展议程关注的重点之一。城市在世界范围内迅速扩张,快速准确地获取城镇用地信息对于政府决策具有重要作用。城镇土地覆盖信息非常复杂,包括人工建筑、树木、草地、水体等多种地表覆盖类型。基于传统人工测绘获取城镇用地信息费时费力并且难于及时更新。Landsat等遥感卫星数据为城镇用地信息提取提供了丰富的数据源。基于卫星遥感数据提取的城镇用地信息可以为未来城市的建设和管理提供基础的科学决策数据。基于监督分类方法和卫星遥感数据可快速地提取城镇用地信息,然而特征变量的选择对于高精度城镇用地信息提取尤为重要。为研究不同特征变量组合对于城镇用地信息提取的影响,以北京市为研究区,以2017年7月10日获取的Landsat 8 OLI影像为数据源,通过数据预处理、纹理提取、独立成分分析、主成分分析等得到4个维度的29个特征,选取了7种特征组合方案进行城镇用地提取。考虑随机森林算法性能稳定,分类精度高和可以方便进行特征重要性评价等优点,选择其作为监督分类算法以提取城镇用地信息,并进行了精度评定,以确定最优的城镇用地提取特征组合。研究发现：综合利用光谱特征和独立成分分析后的影像特征,提取城镇用地的总体精度为93.1%,Kappa系数为0.86,优于利用其他特征的提取结果;基于随机森林算法对数据进行训练后输出的各变量的归一化变量重要性与特征均值的标准差结果存在相似性,利用随机森林算法的变量重要性估计与特征均值折线图都可以进行变量重要性评价。  相似文献   

基于生态网络功能辨识的海坛岛生态保护和修复策略          下载免费PDF全文

陈鹏  吴剑  傅世锋  潘翔 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(1):82-90

优化国土空间开发格局和生态保护修复成为推进生态文明建设的重要举措,构建区域生态网络并识别其关键生态功能区域,是开展国土空间格局优化和生态修复工作的重要切入点.选择海坛岛为研究案例,利用遥感信息源和GIS空间分析等技术方法,辨识出区域潜在的生态网络功能结构.通过景观连接度的重要值评价,揭示海坛岛生态源地和生态节点的重要性...  相似文献