含水率对岩石电荷感应信号影响规律研究     

郑文红  施天威  潘一山  罗浩  吕祥锋 《岩土力学》2022,43(3):659-668

水是诱发矿井灾害的主要因素之一,研究水?岩相互作用下的岩石破坏电荷信号,可丰富矿井水引起灾害的监测方法。为研究含水率对岩石破坏电荷感应信号的影响规律,基于损伤理论推导了岩石损伤破坏力?电耦合模型,得到了感应电荷量与岩石力损伤和水损伤的理论关系。利用自主研制的电荷感应信号数据采集系统,对不同含水率条件下的岩石试样进行了单轴压缩电荷感应信号监测试验,分析了水对岩石力学性质和岩石破坏过程中各阶段电荷感应信号的影响规律,并对含水率影响感应电荷产生的机制进行了讨论。结果表明：岩石变形破坏过程中的电荷感应信号与岩石的损伤程度有关,累积感应电荷量与感应电荷总量的比值可以表示岩石在水和力作用下的损伤量,且含水率越高,试样越易在较低的应力下产生大量的电荷感应信号。不同含水率岩石的宏观破坏特征明显不同,随着含水率升高,岩石的抗压强度降低,裂隙发育,岩石破坏形式由单剪式破坏向张拉和剪切混合破坏转变。电荷感应信号分布形态上,含水率的升高使得高幅值电荷簇数增加,并向弹性阶段发展,且高幅值电荷感应信号主要分布在弹性阶段后期和塑性阶段。感应电荷量上,随着含水率的升高,弹性阶段的感应电荷释放量占比逐渐增大,塑性阶段占比逐渐减小,两阶段的感应电荷量之和占试样变形破坏过程中产生感应电荷总量的90%以上。水通过弱化岩石颗粒和渗透压作用,使岩石在较低应力下产生或扩展裂隙,感应电荷信号更丰富。  相似文献   

黄河小浪底水库诱发地震可能性初探     

常祖峰 《河南国土资源》1995,(4)

本文根据小浪底水库地区的地震地质和水文地质条件，浅析了水库诱发地震的可能性，并对其最大震级进行了多种方法的估算预测。  相似文献   

The effects of temperature and substrate on ontogenetic behavior of bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus (T. et S.)     

刘栋  线薇薇  朱鑫华 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(1)

1 INTRODUCTION Scientific management of aquacultural andnatural populations studies on the early life historyof flatfishes in the aspects of their metamorphosisand benthic settlement accompanying pronouncedtransitions in morphology, behavior and habitatecology have received much attention (Youson,1988). Accumulated data showed that temperatureand substrate played a main role in the recruitmentsuccess of flatfish during their early development(Rijnsdorp et al., 1995, Gibson and Robb, 2000…  相似文献   

Experimental study of the effect of temperature on ion cluster formation using ion mobility spectrometry     

A.-K. Viitanen  T. Mattila  J.M. Mkel  M. Marjamki  O. Anttalainen  J. Keskinen 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):115-ICNAA07

Ion mobility spectrometry offers a robust and effective technique to study ion clusters in ambient conditions. Here, we have experimentally studied the influence of temperature on the positive ion cluster formation of 2-propanol vapor in air, along with parallel measurements for n-butyl acetate vapor in air. For both of these low proton affinity compounds in the ppm concentration range, temperatures below 0 °C tend to favor formation of dimers and trimers. The measurements indicate that approximate estimations for the fractions of these n-mers (n > 1) in the ion spectra, can be obtained by classical theory for ion induced nucleation. Presence of natural background vapors however slightly blurs the data, especially for the fraction of monomers, so that accurate prediction of the fractions of n-mers in the spectra would require more accurate information on the gas composition. The findings concerning thermal behavior of ions help to understand better ion phenomena also in field conditions.  相似文献   

利用窄线宽激光测量锶原子束速率分布     

赵亚楠  吴慧  常宏  张首刚 《时间频率学报》2009,32(1):1-5

利用多普勒频移效应,通过线宽2MHz窄线宽激光与锶原子束在大角度作用下的荧光信号分析,测量了锶原子束速率分布。比较和分析表明,理论结果与实验结果符合较好。  相似文献   

Estimating economic losses of midrise reinforced concrete shear wall buildings in sedimentary basins by combining empirical and simulated seismic hazard characterizations     

Pouria Kourehpaz  Carlos Molina Hutt  Nasser A. Marafi  Jeffrey W. Berman  Marc O. Eberhard 《地震工程与结构动力学》2021,50(1):26-42

Studies of recorded ground motions and simulations have shown that deep sedimentary basins can greatly increase the intensity of earthquake ground motions within a period range of approximately 1–4 s, but the economic impacts of basin effects are uncertain. This paper estimates key economic indicators of seismic performance, expressed in terms of earthquake‐induced repair costs, using empirical and simulated seismic hazard characterizations that account for the effects of basins. The methodology used is general, but the estimates are made for a series of eight‐ to 24‐story residential reinforced concrete shear wall archetype buildings in Seattle, WA, whose design neglects basin effects. All buildings are designed to comply with code‐minimum requirements (i.e., reference archetypes), as well as a series of design enhancements, which include (a) increasing design forces, (b) decreasing drift limits, and (c) a combination of these strategies. As an additional reference point, a performance‐based design is also assessed. The performance of the archetype buildings is evaluated for the seismic hazard level in Seattle according to the 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model (2018 NSHM), which explicitly considers basin effects. Inclusion of basin effects results in an average threefold increase in annualized losses for all archetypes. Incorporating physics‐based ground motion simulations to represent the large‐magnitude Cascadia subduction interface earthquake contribution to the hazard results in a further increase of 22% relative to the 2018 NSHM. The most effective of the design strategies considered combines a 25% increase in strength with a reduction in drift limits to 1.5%.  相似文献   

利用激发极化驰豫时间谱确定渗透率的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

童茂松  王伟男  范清华  姜亦忠  王荣  杜国同 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,34(4):625-629

激发极化驰豫时间是孔隙大小的函数,采用奇异值分解方法对激发极化衰减曲线进行多指数反演,得到光滑的驰豫时间谱,该谱呈现多峰特性.实验结果表明,溶质对该谱的影响主要是由于溶质离子的扩散系数不同所致.对于同一块岩心,衰减谱随扩散系数的增大而向小驰豫时间方向移动.结合岩心地层因素F,研究了激发极化驰豫时间几何平均值Tg与岩石的渗透率K的关系,结果表明,logK和log(T1/2g/F)、log(Tg/F)呈现良好的线性关系.  相似文献   

沙漠微生物矿化覆膜及其稳定性的现场试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李驰  王硕  王燕星  高瑜  斯日古楞 《岩土力学》2019,40(4):1291-1298

将微生物诱导矿化技术应用于原位沙漠覆膜的形成,使得流动沙丘经结皮固定而成为半固定、固定沙丘,从根本上阻断沙尘暴的源头。在内蒙古乌兰布和沙漠腹地选择两个微生物矿化试验区域（TP1和TP3）,分别用于两种不同矿化菌种诱导生成碳酸钙覆膜。研究沙漠微生物矿化覆膜的现场试验方法及工艺,对原位矿化覆膜的强度及其在沙漠环境中的长期稳定性进行跟踪检测。采用沙漠土中自行提取的葡萄球菌和传统的巴氏芽孢杆菌两种不同的微生物矿化菌种,通过现场贯入试验检测7、14、28、60、210 d后矿化覆膜沿深度发展的贯入阻力,并将覆膜厚度为2 cm处的平均贯入阻力换算成覆膜层强度,总结覆膜强度随时间的发展变化规律。现场观测结果显示,不同微生物菌种诱导生成的矿化覆膜均在试验的第4天开始形成,到第7天覆膜层具有稳定的强度和厚度,现场检测覆膜的平均厚度为2.0～2.5 cm,经自源葡萄球菌诱导生成的矿化覆膜（TP1）的强度是巴氏芽孢杆菌诱导生成的矿化覆膜（TP3）强度的1.05倍。当经历冬春交替后覆膜层强度都有不同程度的降低,明显地TP3较TP1区域表面剥落更为严重,第210天检测TP3的平均厚度为0.7～1.0 cm,覆膜强度较第7天时降低19%,覆膜内碳酸钙含量较第7天检测时降低15%～30%。而TP1在第210天时的强度较第7天时强度降低仅2%。因此,微生物诱导矿化技术可以应用于沙漠原位覆膜的形成,且沙漠自源葡萄球菌经诱导生成的矿化覆膜层具有更好的强度表现和稳定性。  相似文献   

基于可靠性的海洋立管疲劳安全系数研究     

吴剑国  万子诚  李智博  张萌  戴伟  孙政策 《海洋工程》2018,36(6):1-9

综合考虑了立管疲劳安全系数取值的相关因素——立管的安全等级、设计寿命、检验周期、载荷和损伤计算方法等的不确定性,提出了基于可靠度的疲劳安全系数确定方法,筛选了用于计算波致疲劳和VIV(涡激振动)疲劳的随机变量,给出了立管波致疲劳与VIV疲劳安全系数的计算流程,并以某SCR(钢悬链线立管)为例进行了安全系数计算。结果表明,该方法的计算结果优于传统的安全系数确定方法,尤其适合于特殊工程方案或新颖设计的立管疲劳校核。  相似文献   

底栖硅藻生物膜附着基对扇贝幼虫附着和变态的影响     

杜美荣  方建光  毛玉泽  李锋  高亚平  房景辉  王同勇  蒋增杰 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(1):125-131

为了建立生态、高效的扇贝幼虫附着和变态诱导技术,采用底栖硅藻生物膜附着基对栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝开展了附着和变态诱导的现场实验。实验围绕底栖硅藻在扇贝幼虫培育池内的数量变动、存活状态、在栉孔扇贝食谱组成中的贡献以及其对两种扇贝附着和变态的诱导效果开展。结果表明,底栖硅藻附着基能极显著提高海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝幼虫的附苗量和变态率(P<0.01)。在海湾扇贝实验中,底栖硅藻处理组比对照组附苗量提高220.19%(P<0.01),变态率和壳长两组差异不显著(P>0.05)。在栉孔扇贝实验中,底栖硅藻处理组比对照组附苗量提高43.02%(P<0.01),变态率提高87.31%(P<0.01),底栖硅藻处理组壳长和对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。对照组附着基比对照组早3d检查到变态的稚贝。底栖硅藻附着基在进入幼虫培育池的黑暗环境后光合作用受限,对于扇贝幼虫的日常管理导致底栖硅藻脱落,数量有一定的下降,但丰度最终能保持为56.0-183.9个/mm2。使用基于混合模型对栉孔扇贝稚贝食物来源进行分析结果显示金藻Isochrysis galbana对稚贝的食物贡献较高,底栖硅藻的贡献较低,其0.95水平的置信区间的贡献率为0%-44%,表明底栖硅藻也是扇贝物来源之一。本研究为底栖硅藻生物膜在贝类幼虫附着变态过程中作用的研究奠定了良好的基础,并为生态、高效的商业化苗种培育提供理论和技术支撑。  相似文献